• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.10-21
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• 2024

Recently, audio systems are changing the configuration of conventional sound reinforcement (SR) systems and public address (PA) systems by using audio over IP (AoIP), a technology that can transmit and receive audio signals based on internet protocol (IP). With the advancement of IP technology, AoIP technologies are leading the audio market and various technologies are being released. In particular, audio networks and control hierarchy over peer-to-peer (Anchor) technology based on AoIP is a system that transmits and receives audio signals over a wide bandwidth without an audio mixer, creating a novel paradigm for existing audio system configurations. Anchor technology forms an audio system by connecting audio sources and output equipment with On-site audio center (OAC), a device that can transmit and receive IP. Anchor's receiving OAC is capable of receiving and mixing audio signals transmitted from different IPs, making it possible to configure a novel audio system by replacing the conventional audio mixer. However, Anchor technology does not have the ability to provide audio effects to input devices such as microphones and instruments in the audio system configuration. Due to this, when individual control of each audio source is required, there is a problem of not being able to control the input signal, and it is impossible to individually affect a specific input signal. In this paper, we implemented a tone control module that can individually control the tone of the audio source of the input device using the audio processor core in the audio system based on Anchor technology, tone control for audio sources is possible through a tone control module connected to the transmitting OAC. As a result of the study, we confirmed that OAC receives the signal from the audio source, adjusts the tone and outputs it on the tone control module. Based on this, it was possible to solve problems that occurred in Anchor technology through transmitting OAC and tone control modules. In the future, we hope that the audio system configuration using Anchor technology will become established as the standard for audio equipment.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics and severity of wrist injuries in snowboarding. Methods: December 2005 to February 2008, Snowboarders who experienced wrist injures were included in this study. On the basis of the medical records and radiographic evaluation, the severity of distal radius fracture was classified according to the Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesefragen/Association for the Study of Internal Fixation (AO/ASIF) classification. Results: Most of the injured snowboarders were a either of the beginner (35 cases, 46.1%) or the intermediate (27 cases, 35.5%) level. The most common cause of injury in snowboarding was a slip down (60 cases, 78.9%). Comminuted and articular fractures classified as AO types A3, B, and C, which required surgical reduction, made up 42.3% of the distal radial fractures in snowboarders. When we analyzed the differences in severity between the educated and the non-educated groups, an A2 type injury in the AO classification was the most common type of injury in the educated group (20 cases, 38.5%), it means less severe fractures ocurred in the educated group (p=0.045). The most frequent injury mechanism of fractures was slip down (48 cases, 63.2%), and a slip down backwards was the dominant type of slip down (36 cases, 75.0%) (p=0.031). Conclusion: Among the snowboarders in this study who suffered self-down injury to the wrist, more fractures were associated with a backwards slip down than with a forward slip down due to over extension. For educated snowboarders the severity of fracture was lower than it was for uneducated snowboarders.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.212-217
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• 1989

무우 및 고구마를 열풍건조하고 건조가 진행됨에 따라 표면적 변화를 측정하여 실험치와 잘 일치하는 건조수축식과 총괄적 건조 속도식을 구하였으며, 시료의 두께, 상대습도 및 풍속을 포함한 초기 건조속도의 함수관계 식을 구하였다. 건조속도 상수와 차수는 시료의 두께와 공기의 온도에 영향을 받았으며 일정한 건조 (d=4mm, $Ta=50^{\circ}C$, RH=10%, U=0.8m/s) 하에서 얻어진 총괄적 건조속도 식과 수축식은 무우는 $dx/dt=0.112{\times}10^{-2}{\cdot}A{\cdot}:(1-x)^{0.43}$, A=Ao(-0.480x+1)이었고, 고구마는 $dx/dt=0.115{\times}10^{-2}\;A(1-x)^{0.49}$, A=Ao(-0.368x+1)이었다. 또한 초기 건조속도의 변화는 시료의 두께, 상대습도, 및 풍속에 대해 무우는 $dx/dt=0.0648\;(RH)^{-0.31}\;(d)^{-0.75}\;(U)^{0.39}$이었고, 고구마는 $dx/dt=0.0547(RH)^{-0.28}\;(d)^{-0.63}\;(U)^{0.37}$이었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2002

Fluorescent probes bound to DNA typically display nanosecond decay times and reveal only nanosecond motions. We extend the time range of measurable DNA dynamics using $[Ru(pby)_2(dppz)]^{2+}$ (bpy=2.2'-bipyridine, dppz=dipyrido[3,2-a2',3'-c]phenazine) (RuBD) which displays a mean lifetime near 90 ns. To test the usefulness of RuBD as a probe for diffusive processes in calf thymus DNA, we compared the efficiencies of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) using three donors which display lifetimes near 5 ns for acridine orange (AO), 22 ns for ethidum bromide (EB) and 92 ns for RuBD, with nile blue (NB) as the acceptor. The F rster distances for AO-NB, EB-NB and RuBD-NB donor-acceptor pairs were 42.3, 52.3, and $30.6{\;}{\AA}$, respectively. All three donors showed dramatic decreases in fluorescence intensities and more rapid intensity decays with increasing NB concentrations. The intensity decays of AO and EB in the presence of varying concentrations of NB were satisfactorily described by the one-dimensional FRET model without diffusion (Blumen and Manz, 1979). In the case of the long-lifetime donor RuBD, the experimental phase and modulation somewhat deviated from the recovered values computed from this model. The recovered NB concentrations and FRET efficiencies from the model were slightly larger than the expected values, however, the recovered and expected values did not show a significant difference. Thus, it is suggested that the lifetime of RuBD is too short to measure diffusive processes in calf thymus DNA.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2018

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) has been developing the space optical and laser tracking (SOLT) system for space geodesy, space situational awareness, and Korean space missions. The SOLT system comprises satellite laser ranging (SLR), adaptive optics (AO), and debris laser tracking (DLT) systems, which share numerous subsystems, such as an optical telescope and tracking mount. It is designed to be capable of laser ranging up to geosynchronous Earth orbit satellites with a laser retro-reflector array, space objects imaging brighter than magnitude 10, and laser tracking low Earth orbit space debris of uncooperative targets. For the realization of multiple functions in a novel configuration, the SOLT system employs a switching mirror that is installed inside the telescope pedestal and feeds the beam path to each system. The SLR and AO systems have already been established at the Geochang station, whereas the DLT system is currently under development and the AO system is being prepared for testing. In this study, the design and development of the SOLT system are addressed and the SLR data quality is evaluated compared to the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS) tracking stations in terms of single-shot ranging precision. The analysis results indicate that the SLR system has a good ranging performance, to a few millimeters precision. Therefore, it is expected that the SLR system will not only play an important role as a member of the ILRS tracking network, but also contribute to future Korean space missions.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.86-86
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• 2019

We present BV photometric observations and high-resolution spectra of AO Ser, which were obtained at the Mt. Lemmon Optical Astronomy Observatory (LOAO) and the Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory (BOAO), respectively, in 2017. The radial velocities (RVs) for both components were measured, and the effective temperature of the primary star was found to be $T_{eff,1}=8,820{\pm}62K$ by a comparison of the observed spectra and the Kurucz models. A unique set of fundamental parameters of AO Ser were derived for the first time by a simultaneous analysis of the light and RV curves. The results indicate that our program target is a semi-detached eclipsing system with values of $M_1=2.06{\pm}0.11M_{\odot}$ and $M_2=0.41{\pm}0.03M_{\odot}$, $R_1=1.54{\pm}0.03R_{\odot}$ and $R_2=1.30{\pm}0.02R_{\odot}$, and $L_1=12.9{\pm}0.2L_{\odot}$ and $L_2=0.9{\pm}0.3L_{\odot}$. We applied multiple frequency analyses to the eclipse-subtracted light residuals. As a result, two frequencies of $f_1=21.85151days^{-1}$ and $f_2=23.48405days^{-1}$ were detected and their pulsation constants were calculated to $Q_1=0.0344days$ and $Q_2=0.0320days$. The pulsational characteristics and the position in the HR diagram demonstrate that the primary star is a ${\delta}$ Sct pulsator.

• 대기
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.203-214
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• 2016

This study explores the 6-month lead prediction skill of stratospheric temperature and circulations in the Global Seasonal forecasting model version 5 (GloSea5) hindcast experiment over the period of 1996~2009. Both the tropical and extratropical circulations are considered by analyzing the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) and Northern Hemisphere Polar Vortex (NHPV). Their prediction skills are quantitatively evaluated by computing the Anomaly Correlation Coefficient (ACC) and Mean Squared Skill Score (MSSS), and compared with those of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Arctic Oscillation (AO). Stratospheric temperature is generally better predicted than tropospheric temperature. Such improved prediction skill, however, rapidly disappears in a month, and a reliable prediction skill is observed only in the tropics, indicating a higher prediction skill in the tropics than in the extratropics. Consistent with this finding, QBO is well predicted more than 6 months in advance. Its prediction skill is significant in all seasons although a relatively low prediction skill appears in the spring when QBO phase transition often takes place. This seasonality is qualitatively similar to the spring barrier of ENSO prediction skill. In contrast, NHPV exhibits no prediction skill beyond one month as in AO prediction skill. In terms of MSSS, both QBO and NHPV are better predicted than their counterparts in the troposphere, i.e., ENSO and AO, indicating that the GloSea5 has a higher prediction skill in the stratosphere than in the troposphere.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2008년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.294-298
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• 2008

Snow cover is a potential water resource for later spring and summer seasons as well as a thermal mirror with high reflectivity causing decreases of surface air temperature during cold winter seasons. In this study, current and future changes in Northern Hemisphere snow extent and their potential linkages with atmospheric circulation are examined. The NOAA AVHRR visible snow extent (1967-2006) data as well as observational (NCEP-DOE 1979-2006) and modeled (GFDL 2.1 2081-2100) pressure and surface air temperature data are used. Analyses of observational data demonstrate that the snow extent in meteorological spring (March to April) and summer (June to August) has significantly decreased since the late 1980s. The offset of snow seasons (the timing of snow melt in spring) have also significantly advanced particularly in Europe, East Asia, and northwestern North America. Analyses of pressure fields reveal that the spatial patterns of the earlier snow melt are associated with changes in atmospheric circulation such as the Arctic Oscillation (AO). In the positive winter AO years, multiple positive pressure departure cores in the upper troposphere (200hPa) are observed over the mid-latitude regions from March to mid-April, while a negative pressure departure core (70hPa) prevails over the Arctic Ocean. The reversed anomaly patterns related to later snow melt occur in negative winter AO years. The comparison between current and future thermal spring onsets suggest that snow melt patterns will intensify with larger greenhouse gas emissions, indicating earlier hydrological spring onset.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.17-30
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 무기체계 소요기획 단계에서 목표운용가용도를 산정할 때 활용할 수 있는 운용가용도 계산 모델을 제안한다. 운용가용도 계산 모델은 체계의 운용가용도 계산에 필요한 시간요소 정의와 시간 값 추정 방법으로 구성된다. 운용가용도 계산 시간요소는 총시간과 총비가동시간 요소로 구성된다. 시간요소는 운용형태종합 및 임무유형(OMS/MP : Operational Mode Summary/Mission Profile) 요소를 기초로 정의하였다. 총시간은 전시 작전기간 혹은 평시 365일이며, 총비가동시간은 총예방정비시간, 총고장정비시간, 총행정/군수지연시간으로 구성된다. 그리고 이러한 시간요소에 대하여 무기체계 유형별 시간 값 추정 방법을 제시하였다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 1997

성장인자가 포함되지 않은 무기염 액체배지(ISP-4)에서 Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)의 포자가 발아할 때, 성장인자의 주기적인 요구성이(양 등,1993_ 단백질과 RNA 합성과 어떤 관계를 가지고 있는지를 규명하고자 하ㅣ였다. 발아는 10시간 정도 걸렸으며 이때 성장인자의 요구성이 2시간 주기로 반복되는 것을 재입증하였다. 포자의 크기는 시간에 따라 증가하였으나, 포자수는 표준 평판계수법에서 감소하였다. 포자 집단은 생리적으로 살아있거나, 휴면 중인 포자와 죽은 포자로 구분될 수 있었다. 이러한 발아과정에서 포자를 acridine orange(AO)와 iodonitrotetrazolium chloride(INT)로 염색하여 형광현미경으로 관찰하였을 때 RNA와 단백질도 일정한 주기를 갖고 합성되었으며, 이 주기성은 성장인자의 요구 주기와 거의 일치하였다. 이로써 발아 초기에 포자 집단은 성장인자 중에서 특히 단백질 합성과 관련된 물질인 아미노산이 주기적으로 요구되고 있음을 토론하였다.