• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.355-365
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• 2019

Objectives: In rural areas of Korea, where public transportation infrastructure is lacking and alternative systems are poor, the elderly experience inconveniences in using healthcare, although their need is high. This study aimed to analyze the association between the convenience of transportation and unmet healthcare needs among the rural elderly. Methods: The data used were collected in the 2016 Community Health Survey among rural elderly individuals aged 65 or older. Dependent variable was the unmet healthcare needs, explanatory variable was the convenience of transportation. The elderly were divided into 3 groups: with no driver in the household, with a driver, and the elderly individual was the driver (the self-driving group). Covariates were classified into predisposing, enabling, and need factors. They included gender, age, education, income, economic activity, household type, motor ability, subjective health level, number of chronic diseases, anxiety/depression, and pain/discomfort. The data were analyzed using logistic regression and stratification. Results: A significant association was found between the convenience of transportation and unmet healthcare needs. When examined unadjusted odds ratio of the group with a driver in the household, using the group with no driver as a reference, was 0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 0.68), while that of the self-driving group was 0.34 (95% CI, 0.30 to 0.38). The odds ratios adjusted for all factors were 0.69 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.80) and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.67 to 0.91). Conclusions: We confirmed a significant association between inconvenient transportation and unmet healthcare needs among the rural elderly even after adjustment for existing known factors. This implies that policies aimed at improving healthcare accessibility must consider the means of transportation available.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 1999

LB50016 was characterized as a selective and potent$ 5-HT_{1A}$ receptor agonist and evaluate it anxiolytic and antidepressant activities. It shows high affinity for $ 5-HT_{1A}$receptor, moderate affinity for $\alpha$2 adrenergic and $ 5-HT_{2A}$receptors and no significant affinity for other receptors tested. Hypothermia and increased serum corticosterone level were observed in LB50016-treated rats, which are mediated mostly by post synaptic $ 5-HT_{1A}$ receptor activation. In the mouse forced swim model for depression, LB50016-elicited dose-dependent reductions in immobility time, showing $ED_{50}$ of approximately 3 mg/kg i.p., which was blocked by pretreatment of NAN-190, $ 5-HT_{1A}$antagonist. In face-to-face test for anxiolytic activity in mice, estimated $ED_{50}$ was 2 mg/kg, i.p.. In isolation-induced aggression test with mice, fifty-fold increases in latency to attack were observed at 30 min and last up to 4 h after LB50016 treatment (3 mg/kg, i.p.). Taken together, LB50016-induced pharmacological activities are mediated by activation of $ 5-HT_{1A}$receptors, offering an effective therapeutic candidate in the management of anxiety and depression in humans.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.931-940
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• 2021

As information security(IS) is recognized as a critical success factor for organizational growth, organizations are increasing their investment in adopting and operating strict IS policies and technologies. However, when strict IS technology is adopted, IS-related techno-stress may occur in the employees who apply IS technology to their tasks. This study proposes the effect of IS-related techno-stress formed in individuals on IS policy resistance through IS strain and proves that task-technology fit mitigates the negative effect of techno-stress. Research models and hypotheses were presented through previous studies, and the secured samples were used, and structural equation modeling was applied to verify hypothesis. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that IS-related techno-stress (overload, complexity) affected IS policy resistance through IS strain (anxiety, fatigue), and that task-technology fit moderated the relationship between techno-stress and strain. This study suggests a strategic direction for improving the level of internal IS from the viewpoint of suggesting ways to mitigate the stress of employees that may occur when IS policies and technologies are adopted.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2019

There are approximately 1.06 million vacant homes in Korea, accounting for 6% of all housing, and approximately 98 thousand vacant homes are in Gyeongsangnam-do, taking up 8.7% of the housing in the province. In particular, the number of abandoned house in Gyeongsangnam-do is rapidly increasing from 6.7% in 2010 to 8.7% in 2015. This study examined the current state of abandoned house in Gyeongsangnam-do according to the characteristics of cities and rural areas, causes for vacancies, and demand for use of such abandoned house. The study areas were selected based on case studies in Korea and overseas, and a survey was conducted among residents in the selected areas. The survey was on awareness of abandoned house in the neighborhood, causes for vacancies, awareness of owners, the influence of the abandoned house, plans to deal with abandoned house, and plans to utilize abandoned house. The results showed that most residents were aware of abandoned house, especially the ones in rural areas, who had detailed perceptions about abandoned house nearby such as when the homes became empty and whether there are owners of the homes. As for the influence of abandoned house on the surrounding environment, both rural areas and cities responded that abandoned house mostly spoil the beauty of the neighborhood, followed by psychological anxiety such as fear of crimes. Regarding plans to utilize abandoned house nearby, at least half of the residents wanted to use them as rental housing after repairing them. A survey on the actual condition must be conducted at the provincial level in order to establish an integrated system to manage abandoned house in Gyeongsangnam-do. Moreover, it is necessary to come up with application measures according to categories and standards to classify the state of abandoned house in order to use them as resources for community regeneration.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.11-28
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• 2015

A company have to grow constantly. If a company does not grow and stagnant, it will be finally out of the market. The contemporary companies fully make use of M&A to search for new growth engines. The reason of companies using M&A as a important tool of a business strategy is the fastest way to achieve technology power, market power, competitiveness. The form of M&A was that leading companies take over smaller companies or merger and acquisition between small companies in the middle of 2000. But now, Mega mergers between industry leading companies often occur and especially domestic of course M&A of foreign companies occurs actively. These days the boom of stock market and the big companies are pouring on sale by restructuring, privatization and the basis of low interest will make the M&A market continuously. In this study, I suggest a solution of actual human resources management by analyzing proven M&A cases and search for various problems of a gap in the leadership and communication in connection with integration of organization culture after M&A. First of all, I arrange the theoretical concept of the subject and analyze the key factors of the success M&A cases, lastly I suggested a HR strategy after M&A. After M&A, HR strategy is ; First, a company have to build a organization culture which is that merger company accommodate a excellent organizational characteristic of predecessor company with consideration of culture difference. Second, M&A must proceed to remove of anxiety about the future and employment stability by excellent leaderships. Third, organization integration after M&A is influenced by the level of integration for that reason it was verified that M&A have to make progress by communication of each 2 organizations.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.21-32
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• 2021

The current study investigates how Malaysian ESL learners' L2 (English) speaking fluency is reflected in advanced L2 reading and what difficulties they encounter in reading comprehension. Nine Malaysian students attending a Korean university participated in qualitative research using in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The data revealed that L2 was a very familiar language, and their speaking fluency in L2 reduced the anxiety of L2 reading in general. However, it did not play a significant role in reading at an advanced level. Their difficulties in reading were mainly due to a lack of vocabulary knowledge. However, insufficient background knowledge and interest also frustrated their reading tasks. These factors lowered their reading comprehension, causing inaccurate interpretations or discouraging their endeavors to find messages from the given text. Thus, these findings should be carefully addressed in reading classes for Korean L2 learners as well as international students.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.22-30
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• 2021

According to the OECD's interim report on Korean education analysis held in 2020, the presenter, Andreas Schleicher, director of education for the OECD, said, "Korean students show a lot of fear, anxiety and nervousness about failure", referring to how Korean students feel anxious even if their test scores are good. It is a simple example, but as mentioned in a recent education announcement, it is a common sight among Korean students, and it is easily experienced while receiving education. As Korea has a high level of interest and enthusiasm for nurturing human resources, various methods must be considered and studied, and solutions to current problems, improvements, and directions for development is encouraged to be presented. This paper considered the methods for innovation of a learning space to improve the quality of school education, and systematically analyzed and organized the effects and impacts of providing a green environment among the methods and means. It is hoped that this study can serve as a small solution and play its role in solving the social problems of complex aspects of students presented previously.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.20-28
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• 2021

With an increase in the commercialization of electricity, and the development of advanced and large electric devices and various wireless radio wave services, concerns over the effects of electromagnetic fields on human health have increased. Accordingly, the World Health Organization encouraged the development of international standards by establishing the 'International Electromagnetic Fields Project' in 1996 based on studies on the harmful effects of electromagnetic fields on the human body. Moreover, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) classified electromagnetic fields as possible carcinogens under Group 2B category, even though they have been found to have a weak correlation with those effects on human health. Mid-to-large-sized electric facilities used at industrial sites mostly adopt a commercial frequency of 60 Hz, and workers handling these facilities are exposed to such extremely low frequency (ELF) fields for a long time. A previous study suggested that exposure to ELF electromagnetic fields with frequency ranges from 0 to 300 Hz, even for a short time, at densities higher than 100 μT may have harmful effects on human body as it affects the activation of nerve cells in the central nervous system by inducing an electric field and current and stimulating muscles and the nervous system in the body. Such studies, however, focused on home appliances used by ordinary people, and research on facilities utilizing high-capacity current and operated by workers at industrial sites is lacking. Therefore, in this study, a 3000 kilowatt generator, which is a high-capacity electric facility employed at industrial sites, was investigated, and the size of the magnetic fields generated during its no-load and high-load operations per distance to produce a map was measured to reveal spots deemed hazardous according to domestic and international exposure standards. The findings of this study is expected to alleviate workers' anxiety about the harmful effects of magnetic fields on their body and to minimize the level of exposure during operations.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.209-223
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• 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant changes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on patients with chronic pain. Methods: Patients with chronic pain from 23 university hospitals in South Korea participated in this study. The anonymous survey questionnaire consisted of 25 questions regarding the following: demographic data, diagnosis, hospital visit frequency, exercise duration, time outside, sleep duration, weight change, nervousness and anxiety, depression, interest or pleasure, fatigue, daily life difficulties, and self-harm thoughts. Depression severity was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between increased pain and patient factors. Results: A total of 914 patients completed the survey, 35.9% of whom had decreased their number of visits to the hospital, mostly due to COVID-19. The pain level of 200 patients has worsened since the COVID-19 outbreak, which was more prominent in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Noticeable post-COVID-19 changes such as exercise duration, time spent outside, sleep patterns, mood, and weight affected patients with chronic pain. Depression severity was more significant in patients with CRPS. The total PHQ-9 average score of patients with CRPS was 15.5, corresponding to major depressive orders. The patients' decreased exercise duration, decreased sleep duration, and increased depression were significantly associated with increased pain. Conclusions: COVID-19 has caused several changes in patients with chronic pain. During the pandemic, decreased exercise and sleep duration and increased depression were associated with patients' increasing pain.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.84-87
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• 2022

Purpose: This was a pilot study to examine the clinical usefulness of the newly developed three-dimensional sweep mode extracorporeal shockwave treatment (ESWT) in patients with plantar fasciitis. Materials and Methods: Three-dimensional sweep mode ESWT was performed once a week for 5 weeks in patients with plantar fasciitis who showed no improvement with the conventional conservative treatment. A 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) reading for pain from walking and at rest after walking were collected before the treatment and 8 and 16 weeks after the initial treatment. In addition, the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and EuroQol-5-dimension (EQ-5D) scores before and 16 weeks after the treatment were evaluated. Results: VAS for pain for walking improved from 50.60±8.38 to 19.80±15.61 at 8 weeks after the initial treatment (p=0.008) and 9.80±9.62 at 16 weeks after the treatment (p<0.001). VAS for pain at rest after walking improved from 36.60±19.55 to 11.80±12.95 at 8 weeks after the initial treatment (p=0.052) and 8.80±8.87 at 16 weeks after the treatment (p=0.024). Preoperative FAOS increased from an average of 74.80±9.73 before the treatment to an average of 81.00±8.86 at week 16 after the procedure (p=0.49) and compared to pre-treatment levels, there was a decrease of one level in the anxiety/depression domain of the EQ-5D, post-treatment. Conclusion: The results of this preliminary study confirmed that the newly developed EWST with the smart forging sweep mode was effective in improving pain and function in plantar fasciitis.