• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.416-422
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• 2021

In the present study, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were measured in Chrysanthemum indicum Linne extracted with different ethanol concentrations. The 50% ethanol extract demonstrated the highest yield of 33.6%, while the 30% and 70% ethanol extracts showed the highest total polyphenol contents of 59.70 and 61.35 mg GAE/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity of 70% ethanol extract was highest in the DPPH radical scavenging activity (RC₅₀ 14.95 ㎍/mL) and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activity (RC₅₀ 42.28 ㎍/mL). FRAP activity was significantly higher in the 30% ethanol extract than the other extracts. The anti-inflammatory effects of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne extracted with different ethanol concentrations were examined using nitric oxide (NO) inhibition assays. In LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, the 30% ethanol extract showed the highest inhibition of NO production with 11.16 µM at a concentration of 200 ㎍/mL. The results of this study suggest that Chrysanthemum indicum extracted 30% or 70% ethanol concentrations as potential functional raw material.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.110-110
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• 2003

It is well-documented that decreased antioxidant defense system by ultraviolet(UV) irradiation is the most important reason to induce the skin aging, especially photoaging. Chlorogenic acid(CA), a nonflavonoid catecholic compound, is present in the diet as part of fruits, tea, coffee and wine and has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activities. In this study, we examined the effects of CA on the UV -induced photoaging. Firstly, we investigated the protective effect of CA on antioxidant defense system in HaCaT human keratinocytes after UV irradiation treatment. UV irradiation decreased antioxidant defence enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and GSH contents, which were restored by CA. To elucidate the effect of CA, 1% of CA and vehicle were applied to human buttock skin before and after UV irradiation (2MED). CA prevented UV -induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNA expression and procollagen mRNA depression. And CA also increased CD1a(Langerhans cell) expression significantly. Our results suggest that CA has protective effects on UV -induced photoaging by increasing cellular antioxidant defense system. Therefore, CA may be a useful anti-aging agent for cosmetic purpose.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1990-1996
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• 2008

Astaxanthin has shown antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities; however, its molecular action and mechanism in the nervous system have yet to be elucidated. We examined the in vitro effects of astaxanthin on the production of nitric oxide (NO), as well as the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Astaxanthin inhibited the expression or formation of nitric oxide (NO), iNOS and COX-2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. Astaxanthin also suppressed the protein levels of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. These results suggest that astaxanthin, probably due to its antioxidant activity, inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators by blocking iNOS and COX-2 activation or by the suppression of iNOS and COX-2 degradation.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.842-848
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• 2017

Hylotelephium erythrostictum is commonly used as a medicinal herb. In this study, H. erythrostictum leaf (HEL), branch (HEB), root (HER), and above ground (HEAG) extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant properties. The antioxidant activities were assayed by three methods based on scavenging of DPPH, ABTS and superoxide anion radical. HEAG extract showed the highest DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion radical scavenging activities. HEAG extract also exhibited the highest phenolic content (230 mg/g gallic acid equivalent). In our research for anti-inflammatory ingredients, the extract of HEAG inhibited the generation of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. To test the inhibitory effects of HEAG on pro-inflammatory cytokines, we conducted ELISA assay for the measuring the generation of tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, IL (interleukin)-$1{\beta}$, and IL(interleukin)-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. In these assays, HEAG ethanol extract showed a dose-dependent decrease in the production of $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, and IL-6. Based on these results, extract of HEAG could be the efficient candidate for anti-inflammatory agents.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.783-790
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• 2020

The present study investigates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Mangifera indica L. leaf extract. The total polyphenol content was measured using the Folin-Denis method. Results showed that the M. indica L. leaf extract of water and 70% ethanol showed a content of 440.83±1.02, 475.63±1.3 mg/100 g tannic acid equivalent. To assess antioxidant activity and electron-donating ability, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activity were measured, and all extracts were found to be highly efficacious. To assess cell viability of the extract from M. indica L. leaf on macrophage cells (RAW 264.7), a 3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2- yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium-bromide assay was performed. The following experiments were conducted in section where cells was not shown of toxicity. In order to effectively determine anti-inflammatory activity, inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells was examined using a Griess assay. The result showed that M. indica L. leaf extract concentration-dependently inhibited NO production. M. indica L. leaf extract was measured using Western blot, reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that to find the production of pro-inflammatory factor on stimulated RAW 264.7 cells of LPS. According to the results of this study, the M. indica L. leaf extract showed excellent effectiveness in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, thus confirming its usability as a natural material and a functional raw material for cosmetics.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.299-306
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• 2011

The present study was designed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of fermented Liriope platyphylla extract on the production of inflammation-related mediators (NO, ROS, NF-${\kappa}B$, iNOS and COX-2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Freeze-dried Liriope platyphylla was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and extracted with 70% ethanol. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage cells, the treatment with fermented Liriope platyphylla extract decreased the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species dose-dependently and increased antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Fermented Liriope platyphylla extract also inhibited NO production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell. The expressions of NF-${\kappa}B$, iNOS, COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines were inhibited by the treatment with fermented Liriope platyphylla extract. Thus, this study shows the fermented Liriope platyphylla extract could be effective at inhibiting the inflammation process.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.188-194
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• 2014

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the effect of ethanol extract from Rosa rugosa Thunb. flowers(ERF) on the activities of antioxidant, antiwrinkle and whitening. Methods : We measured antioxidant efficacy of ERF by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) assay. Also we confirmed the inhibitory effect of ERF on collagenase activity and melanin synthesis by using collagenase assay kit and dihydroxiphenylalanine staining, respectively. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ERF, we examined the inflammatory mediator IL-6. Results : ERF showed highly efficacy in DPPH radical scavenging activity. ERF dose-dependently suppressed collagenase activity. Ultraviolet-induced production of IL-6 decreased by ERF treatment. In B16F10 cell, ERF significantly reduced tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis. Conclusions : From the above results, it was indicated that ERF could be utilized as anti-aging and whitening cosmetic ingredients.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.16-26
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• 2014

This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidnat effects of red cabbage extracts on RAW264.7 cells. Cell toxicity was determined by MTT assay. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of red cabbage extracts by measuring nitric oxide (NO), inducible NOS (iNOS) production, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression by Western blotting. Ethanolic and water extracts (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/mL) significantly suppressed LPS-stimulated production of NO. Two kinds of extracts reduced the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins. The present results show that red cabbage extract has potent anti-inflammatory effects on RAW264.7 cells. In addition, two kinds of extracts as well as various antioxidant activities such as 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzo thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP). The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the ethanolic and water extracts from red cabbage were $18.699{\pm}0.87$ and $11.174{\pm}4.86$ mg GAE/g extract, respectively, and $7.782{\pm}2.23$ and $15.608{\pm}3.54$ mg CE/g extract. The ABTS radical scavenging activities of the ethanolic and water extracts and BHT were $0.269{\pm}0.12$, $0.212{\pm}0.22$ and $1.235{\pm}0.07mM$ Trolox equivalent/mg extract, respectively. The FRAP values of the extracts were similar to those of BHT, which were used as a positive control. Therefore, red cabbage extract is considered as a good food material of functional foods for prevention against various diseases.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2008

Algal fucoidan is a marine polysaccharide containing sulfur with a wide variety of biological activities including anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects. Although antioxidants can inhibit inflammatory signals through inhibiting activator protein-1 and/or nuclear factor-kappaB activation, it is obscure whether fucoidan directly scavenges oxy-radicals or indirectly regulates oxidant production and/or antioxidant defense system. The antioxidant activities of fucoidan against peroxyl radicals, peroxynitrites and hydroxyl radicals were determined by the total oxy-radical scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay. The specific TOSC values of fucoidan against peroxyl radicals, peroxynitrites or hydroxyl radicals were $282{\pm}60$, $43{\pm}1$ or $40{\pm}1\;TOSC/mg/mL$, respectively. These specific TOSC values against peroxyl radicals, peroxynitrites or hydroxyl radicals are 23, 12, or 13% of the specific TOSC values of glutathione, a positive control, respectively. These results suggest that fucoidan has direct oxy-radical scavenging capacity, which may be related with anti-inflammatory effect of fucoidan.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.717-725
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• 2016

This study was designed to examine the in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammation effects of essential oils of Erigeron annuus L. Flower. Erigeron annuus L. essential oils were obtained by solvent extraction. Antioxidative ability was evaluated by bioassays using ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid diammonium salt) radical scavenging effect and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-1-picrydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. Erigeron annuus L. essential oil exhibited free radical scavenging activity on ABTS and DPPH 98.6%, 48.3% respectively, at a concentration of $500{\mu}g/ml$. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Erigeron annuus L. were tested against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Propionibacterium acnes (P. acne) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) by paper disc method, MIC and MBC. Erigeron annuus L. essential oil showed excellent antibacterial activities against S. aureus with MIC and MBC values of 0.31 mg/mL. The clear zone, indicating antimicrobial activity against P. acnes, was 14 mm, MIC and MBC values 0.31 mg/mL, 0.63 mg/mL, respectively. For the anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 cell, the Erigeron annuus L. essential oils inhibited not only NO production but also the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that Erigeron annuus L. essential oils has considerable potential as a cosmetic ingredient with antioxidative, antimicrobial and anti-inflammation effects.