• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2008

미백제를 선발하기 위해 주로 사용하는 현재의 방법은 in vitro 타이로시네이즈 활성 및 항산화능을 측정하는 것이다. 이 결과에 기초하여 다음 단계인 멜라노사이트에서의 멜라닌 생성량을 측정한다. 세포 내의 멜라닌 생성량 측정 법은 시간, 인력 및 숙련도가 요구된다. 따라서 초기 선발 방법의 신뢰성이 중요하다. 200개 중국시료 중 측정범위 내에서 세포독성이 없는 34개를 대상으로 세포 내 멜라닌량, 타이로시네이즈 활성, 항산화능의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 조사결과 직선의 상판관계를 확인할 수 없었다. 이 결과는 현재 선발방법의 한계 및 새로운 방법이 필요함을 보여주었다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.292-300
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• 2019

Immunometabolism, defined as the interaction of metabolic pathways with the immune system, influences the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Metformin and carbon monoxide (CO) are two pharmacological agents known to ameliorate metabolic disorders. There are notable similarities and differences in the reported effects of metformin and CO on immunometabolism. Metformin, an anti-diabetes drug, has positive effects on metabolism and can exert anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects via adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent and AMPK-independent mechanisms. CO, an endogenous product of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), can exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects at low concentration. CO can confer cytoprotection in metabolic disorders and cancer via selective activation of the protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK) pathway. Both metformin and CO can induce mitochondrial stress to produce a mild elevation of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) by distinct mechanisms. Metformin inhibits complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), while CO inhibits ETC complex IV. Both metformin and CO can differentially induce several protein factors, including fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and sestrin2 (SESN2), which maintain metabolic homeostasis; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of the antioxidant response; and REDD1, which exhibits an anticancer effect. However, metformin and CO regulate these effects via different pathways. Metformin stimulates p53- and AMPK-dependent pathways whereas CO can selectively trigger the PERK-dependent signaling pathway. Although further studies are needed to identify the mechanistic differences between metformin and CO, pharmacological application of these agents may represent useful strategies to ameliorate metabolic diseases associated with altered immunometabolism.

• 생약학회지
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• 제35권1호통권136호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2004

Effect of AGI $({\alpha}-Glucosidase\;Inhibitor)-1120$, pine (Pinus densiflora) bark extract and Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) - and Chaga mushroom mycelium extracts on cellular $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation in malignant human keratinocytes (SCC-13) were evaluated to elucidate the possible correlation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ with antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activities of these natural products were examined in three different evaluation methods, i.e., lipid peroxidation value (POV) evaluation test, and 1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging test. In a cell-based $NF-{\kappa}B$ monitoring assay systern, all samples revealed the downregulatory profiles on the cellular $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity. AGI -1120 (1, 2 mg) and Chaga mushroom extract (0.05, 0.1 mg) downregulated the $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity in a dose-dependent manner. Chaga mushroom mycelium extract (5 mg) significantly inhibited the $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity (p<0.05). Although AGI-1120 and Chaga mushroom mycelium extract exhibited no antioxidant activities evaluated in pay, Chaga mushroom extract showed antioxidant in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of $0.05{\sim}1$ mg. While AGI-1120 and Chaga mushroom extract possessed a relatively potential DPPH radical scavenging activity, the NO scavenging activity of Chaga mushroom extract $(SC_{50}:47\;{mu}g)$ was higher than the known antioxidant, vitamin C $(SC_{50}:77\;{mu}g)$. These results suggest that AGI-1120 and Chaga mushroom- and Chaga mushroom mycelium extracts may serve as an useful radical scavenging antioxidant agents with $NF-{\kappa}B$ inhibitory effect in human skin.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1163-1174
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• 2021

Casein-derived antioxidant peptides by using microbial proteases have gained increasing attention. Combination of two microbial proteases, Protin SD-NY10 and Protease A "Amano" 2SD, was employed to hydrolyze casein to obtain potential antioxidant peptides that were identified by LC-MS/MS, chemically synthesized and characterized in a oxidatively damaged HepG2 cell model. Four peptides, YQLD, FSDIPNPIGSEN, FSDIPNPIGSE, YFYP were found to possess high 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging ability. Evaluation with HepG2 cells showed that the 4 peptides at low concentrations (< 1.0 mg/ml) protected the cells against oxidative damage. The 4 peptides exhibited different levels of antioxidant activity by stimulating mRNA and protein expression of the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), as well as nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), but decreasing the mRNA expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Furthermore, these peptides decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), but increased glutathione (GSH) production in HepG2 cells. Therefore, the 4 casein-derived peptides obtained by using microbial proteases exhibited different antioxidant activity by activating the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway, and they could serve as potential antioxidant agents in functional foods or pharmaceutic preparation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7155-7159
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• 2015

Background: Oral cancer is a health problem in Thailand. Cratoxylum formosum subsp. pruniflorum Gogel (Teawdang), normally consumed in northeast Thailand, has proven cytotoxic to cervical cancer cell lines including HeLa, SiHa and C-33A. Recently, Asian oral cancer cell lines, ORL-48 and ORL-136, were established. Therefore, we aimed to study cytotoxicity of Teawdang in these. Total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity of Teawdang were also determined. Materials and Methods: Teawdang was purchased from Khon Kaen market during June-October 2013. Hexane (CHE), ethyl acetate (CEE) and methanol (CME) extracts of its edible part were analyzed for TPC by the folin-ciocalteau method and for TFC by an aluminium colorimetric method. Antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity in normal Vero cells and oral cancer cells were investigated. Cell viability was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Results: CME and CEE had higher TPC and TFC and antioxidant activity than CHE. Both CME and CEE, at $200{\mu}g$ dry wt/mL, were cytotoxic to the studied oral cancer cell lines. However, CME was cytotoxic to Vero cells whereas CEE was not. Compared to Vero cells, CEE significantly inhibited ORL-48 and ORL-136 growth (p=0.03 and p=0.02, respectively). Conclusions: CEE exhibited cytotoxic effects on the studied oral cancer cell lines but not normal Vero cells. The bioactive compounds in CEE should be further purified and elucidated for their mechanisms of action for development as anticancer agents.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2004

인류의 수명이 연장되고 노령화 사회로 발전됨에 따라 다양한 성인병이 야기되고 있고, 이들 성인병의 원인이 활성산소에 의한 것으로 밝혀짐에 따라 다양한 성인병을 예방 치료할 수 있는 안전하고 우수한 항산화 및 항염증 물질을 천연물로부터 개발하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 자생식물의 하나인 야생복숭아 가지에 대하여 그들의 MeOH 엑스를 필두로 한 분획물 엑스를 대상으로 항산화 및 항염증 효과를 조사하였다. DPPH 법을 사용하여 야생복숭아 가지의 분획물 엑스에 대한 1차 라디칼 소거작용 검색 시험을 한 결과 야생복숭아 가지 의 n-BuOH 엑스와 EtOAc 엑스가 가장 강한 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 1차 실험에서 얻어진 결과를 토대로 야생복숭아에 대하여 보다 상세한 항산화 효과를 검토하기 위하여 Ferric-Thiocyanate 법을 이용한 지질 과산화 억제작용 시험한 결과 야생복숭아 가지 의 EtOAc 엑스가 천연 항산화제인 tocopherol 및 합성 항산화제인 BHA 보다 우수한 탁월한 항산화 효과를 나타내었고, Rancimat법에 의한 지질 산패 억제 실험을 실시한 결과 또한 야생복숭아 가지의 EtOAc 엑스가 tocopherol보다 우수하고 BHA보다는 약간 우수한 강력한 지질 산패 억제 효과를 보였다. Hyaluronidase 저해에 의한 항염증 효과 시험에서는 항산화 실험에서 전반적으로 우수한 항산화 효과를 보인 야생복숭아 가지의 EtOAc 엑스가 ketoprofen보다는 약하나 ibuprofen과 indomethacin보다는 우수한 항염증 효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 실험 결과는 야생복숭아의 항산화 및 항염증 효과의 활성 주성분 분획은 EtOAc 엑스임을 시사하였다.

• 한국식품영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품영양학회 2001년도 동계 학술심포지움
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• pp.126-126
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• 2001

The Rhus verniciflua contains alkly(en)-catechol type allergens with a saiurated or unsaturated alkly chain of 15 or 17 carbon atoms. It has been recognized as an extremely active allergen causing skin reactions similar In poison ivy. The allergic contact dermatitis induced by the urushiol is known to be mediated be T lymphocytes whicht specifically recognize the hepten urushiol. Therefore. direct use of this plant as a medicinal purpose might imply a considerable hazard in Korea. In this study, using the established method for the detoxification from the stem bark of Rhus verniciflua, an strong antioxidant substance was isolated and characterized DPPH (diphenypricryl hydrazyl) assay measures hydrogen atom-donating activity and hence provides a measure of free radical scavenging antioxidant activity. DPPH, a purple-colored stable free radical, is reduced to yellow-colored diphenylpicryl hydrazine by antioxidants to deducing agents. Antioxidative effects of the water extract from RV were measured by DPPH assay. Twenty microliters of the extract was added to 1ml of 100mM DPPH solution in ethanol The mixture was shaken and left to stand for 10min at room temperature. The crude water extracts was purified by using HPLC method with a DEAE (anionic type), CN, ODS column. The purified compound remained stable at pH 3.0-6,0, but unstable above pH 6.5. It was stable heat at 10$0^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours, but still had about 80% of residual activity after treatment at 10$0^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours. The elemental composition of the HR-EI mass spectrum at m/z 170.02 was estimated the empirical formula as $C_{7}$ $H_{6}$ $O_{5}$. $C_{10}$ $H_4$ $O_2$N$_1$, $C_{5}$ $H_4$ $O_4$N$_3$, $C_{8}$$H_2O$$_1$N$_4$. In antimicrobial test, no inhibition was observed against Gram-positive and negative bacteria. This compound was stronger than that of commercial antioxidant by DPPH test, such as BHT, BHC at the same concentration (20$\mu$g/ml).ml).

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.611-619
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Codonopsis lanceolata 50% ethanol extract, and its solvent fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EA), n-butanol, water). The main components of the EA fraction were qualitatively analyzed using UPLC Q-ToF/MS. Additionally, a quantitative analysis was performed using UPLC. As a result, the total polyphenol content was 113.36 mg gallic acid/g in the EA fraction, which contained the largest amount of the C. lancolata solvent fractions. Also EA showed the highest antioxidant activity than other fractions. The IC₅₀ of DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity was 0.03 mg/mL and the IC₅₀ of ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)] radical scavenging activity was 0.049 mg/mL. The EA fraction showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity than other fractions and especially inhibited monophenolase oxidase reaction higher than diphenolase oxidase reaction. The monophenolase oxidase inhibited 55% when the concentration of the EA fraction was 0.25 mg/mL. As a result of Q-ToF/MS analysis, it was confirmed that tangshenoside I and lobetyolin were the main components of EA fraction. Thus, these results suggest that C. lanceolata may be used as a potent source of cosmetic agents.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.915-921
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• 2015

Context: In the last half century, discovering, developing and introducing of clinical agents from marine sources have seen great successes, with examples including the anti-cancer compound trabectedin. However, with increasing need for new anticancer drugs, further exploration for novel compounds from marine organism sources is strongly justified. Objective: The major aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor and antioxidant potential of Sargassum tenerrimum J.Agardh (Sargassaceae) on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods: An ethanol extract of S. tenerrimum (EEST) from whole algae was used to evaluate cytotoxicity followed by in vivo assessment of toxicity, using biochemical parameters including hepatic and non-hepatic enzymes. Antioxidant properties were examined in animals bearing EAC treated with daily oral administration of 100-300 mg/kg extract suspension. Results: Antitumor effects of EEST in EAC bearing mice was observed with LD50 1815 mg/kg. Parameters like body weight, tumor volume, packed cell volume, tumor cell count, mean survival time and increase in life span in animals in the EAC bearing animals treated with EEST 300 mg/kg was comparable with control group. Significant differences were also seen with changes in total protein content, hepatic enzymes contents, MDA level, and free radical scavenging enzymes in untreated vs. EEST treated group animals. Conclusions: Evaluation of antioxidant enzymes and hepatic enzymes in the EAC animal model treated with EEST exhibited similar effects as the positive control drug 5-flurouracil. S. tenerrimum extracts contain effective antioxidants with significant antitumor activity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5421-5425
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• 2013

Background: To assess the antioxidant effects of gamma-oryzanol on human prostate cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Cytotoxic activity of gamma-oryzanol on human DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells was determined by proliferation assay using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol, 2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reagent. mRNA levels of genes involved in the intracellular antioxidant system, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GSR) were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cancer cell lysates were used to measure lipid peroxidation using thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). Glutathione contents of the cell lysates were estimated by the reaction between sulfhydryl group of 5, 5'-dithio (bis) nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) to produce a yellow-color of 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid using colorimetric assay. Catalase activity was also analysed by examining peroxidative function. Protein concentration was estimated by Bradford's assay. Results: All concentrations of gamma-oryzanol, 0.1-2.0mg/ml, significantly inhibited cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent fashion in both prostate cancer cell lines, DU145 and PC3. Gene expression of catalase in DU145 and PC3 exposed to gamma-orizanol at 0.5mg/ml for 14 days was down regulated, while mRNA of GPX was also down regulated in PC3. The MDA and glutathione levels including catalase activity in the cell lysates of DU145 and PC3 treated with gamma-oryzanol 0.1 and 0.5mg/ml were generally decreased. Conclusions: This study highlighted effects of gamma-oryzanol via the down-regulation of antioxidant genes, catalase and GPX, not cytotoxic roles. This might be interesting for adjuvant chemotherapy to make prostate cancer cells more sensitive to free radicals. It might be useful for the reduction of cytotoxic agents and cancer chemoprevention.