• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.1079-1087
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• 2013

Florfenicol(FF)을 넙치(평균체중 $700{\pm}50$ g, $23{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$)에 1일 1회 경구(20 mg/kg BW) 투여한 다음, 경시적(1시간~168시간)으로 혈청 내 FF의 잔류량을 HPLC로써 분석하였다. FF의 경구 투여에 따른 넙치 체내 약물 혈중농도 측정결과를 바탕으로 two-compartment model로 WinNonlin program을 이용하여 FF의 흡수, 배설, 반감기 등 약물동태학적 매개변수(parameter)를 조사하였다. 혈청중 농도-시간곡선하 면적(AUC)은 22.51 ${\mu}g{\cdot}h/mL$, 혈중최고농도($C_{max}$)는 0.84 ${\mu}L/mL$, 혈중최고농도에 도달하는 시간($T_{max}$)은 8.62 시간, 약물이 혈중에서 완전히 0이 되는 시점인 예상소실시간(Et)은 447 계산되었다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 넙치에 FF를 처방하여 치료 계획을 수립할 때 유용하게 활용될 것으로 여겨진다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.241-245
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• 2006

국산 한약계 추출물을 첨가하여 제조한 전통 콩된장의 아질산염 소거작용, 수소공여능, 항균활성 및 혈전용해능 등을 검토하였다. 한약재 추출물을 첨가하여 제조한 된장은 대조구 된장에 비하여 대부분이 높은 아질산염 소거능을 나타내었다. 한약재 추출물 첨가 농도가 높을수록 아질산염 소거능은 증가되었으며, III군과 IV군의 된장이 다른 I군과 II군의 된장보다 약간 높은 아질산염 소거능을 나타내었다. 수소공여능은 한약재 추출물 첨가 된장이 대조구 된장보다 약간 높은 경향을 나타내었으나 각 된장군 사이에는 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 된장의 추출물을 사용하여 Str. mutans 및 Sal. enteritidis 등의 병원성 미생물에 대한 항균활성 및 fibrin배지 상에서의 혈전용해능은 대조구보다 모든 시험구에서 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 한약재 추출물을 첨가하여 제조한 III군과 군은 색깔이 대조구와 유사하고, 기호도, 생리활성 및 항균활성 등이 우수하여 기능성이 강화된 새로운 전통된장의 개발 가능성이 높은 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2017

Linum usitatissimum L. (flaxseed) is emerging as an important functional food ingredient because of its rich contents, namely, ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid (ALA, omega-3 fatty acid), lignans, and fiber, which are potentially beneficial for human health. Furthermore, flax or flaxseed oil has also been incorporated as a functional food ingredient into various foods such as milk, dairy products, and meat products. Flaxseed is known to possess antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo, but its growth-stimulating effect on lactic acid bacteria is not clear. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine whether crude flaxseed extract stimulated the growth kefir-isolated lactic acid bacteria in vitro. The result of this study showed that Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens DN1, Lactobacillus brevis KCTC3102, Lactobacillus bulgaricus KCTC3635, and Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC3105 treated with $100{\mu}L$ of crude flaxseed extract showed significantly higher growth than the control treated with $100{\mu}L$ of water (p<0.05). Based on the results of this study, crude flaxseed extract could be used as a growth stimulator for lactic acid bacteria in various food applications, including production of milk and dairy products.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.20-31
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• 2012

Endophytic bacterial communities of tidal flat plants antagonistic to oomycete plant pathogens were studied by the isolation of 256 root colonizing endophytic bacteria from surface-disinfected root tissues of six plants ($Rosa$ $rugosa$, $Suaeda$ $maritima$, $Vitex$ $rotundifolia$, $Carex$ $scabrifolia$, $Glehnia$ $littoralis$ and $Elymus$ $mollis$) growing in a tidal flat area of Namhae Island, Korea. To understand the antagonistic potential, an $in$ $vitro$ antagonistic assay was performed to characterize and identify strains that were antagonistic to the oomycete plant pathogens $Phytophthora$ $capsici$ and $Pythium$ $ultimum$ from the total population. Nine percent of the total number of isolated bacteria exhibited in vitro inhibitory activity against target plant pathogenic oomycetes. Taxonomic and phylogenetic placement of the antagonistic bacteria was investigated by analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences. The sequence analysis classified the antagonistic strains into four major classes of the domain bacteria ($Firmicutes$, ${\alpha}-Proteobacteria$, ${\gamma}-Proteobacteria$ and $Actinomycetes$) and 10 different genera. Further production of secondary metabolites, hydrolytic enzymes and plant growth promoting traits were determined for the putative new species of antagonistic endophytic bacteria. These new strains could not be identified as known species of ${\alpha}-Proteobacteria$, and so may represent novel bacterial taxa. The unexpected high antagonistic bacterial diversity associated with the tidal flat plants may be indicative of their importance in tidal flat plants as a promising source of novel antimicrobial compounds and biocontrol agents.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.717-721
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes growth by oleanolic acid under sublethal stresses of NaCl and pH. L. monocytogenes ATCC15313 (6 log CFU/mL) was inoculated in microplate wells containing brain heart infusion (BHI) broth supplemented with oleanolic acid in various amounts (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and $4.0\;{\mu}g/mL$), and different pHs (5 and 7) and NaCl concentrations (0, 3, and 6%), followed by incubation under accelerated storage condition ($37^{\circ}C$, 48 h). The optical density (OD) of the samples was measured at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h at 600 nm. After the lag phase duration was observed at the early stage of incubation, the OD values of L. monocytogenes significantly increased (p<0.05) in BHI broth formulated with 0 and 3% of NaCl during accelerated storage at pH 5 and 7. However, the growth of L. monocytogenes in 6% NaCl and at less than $0.5\;{\mu}g/mL$ of oleanolic acid had no growth at pH 5 and only gradual growth at pH 7. Moreover, L. monocytogenes generally had lower OD values as the concentrations of oleanolic acid increased. As expected, the OD values of L. monocytogenes were generally higher (p<0.05) at pH 7 than at pH 5. These results indicate that oleanolic acid should be useful in inhibiting the growth of L. monocytogenes.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2009

Product quality and shelf-life effect of sodium lactate (SL) in combined with chitosans with various molecular weights (MW) in low-fat sausages (LFSs) stored at $10^{\circ}C$ were evaluated. LFSs with SL and chitosans had 75-76% moisture, 1-2% fat, and 15.8-17.1% protein with a pH range of 6.3-6.6. Water holding capacity was decreased, but most textural properties were increased with the addition of chitosan with MW of 30-40 kDa. Hunter a (redness) values were also increased with the addition of sodium lactate and chitosans in combination with laccaic acid at the level of 0.05%, resulting in similar Hunter a value of 150 ppm of sodium nitrite. The combination of SL and chitosans slightly extended the shelf-life of LFSs approximately 3-6 days at $10^{\circ}C$, resulting in inhibition the growth of L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7, as compared to the control. However, the inhibition of microbial growth at $10^{\circ}C$ was not as strong as that at $4^{\circ}C$. Thus, the storage temperature should be as low ($<4^{\circ}C$) as possible to have a maximum antimicrobial activity in LFS containing SL and various chitosans.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권13호
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• pp.5359-5364
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• 2015

Background: Multiple complex pathways are operable in the evolution of cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs). These pathways involve interaction between neoplastic T cells and cells of the immune system (especially dendritic cells and the non-malignant T cells). Granulysin is a proinflammatory antimicrobial peptide which has an immune alarmin function, activating dendritic cells, as well as an active role in tumor immunology and prognosis. FOXP3+ regulatory T cells Tregs are an important player in the immune system. Much controversy is found in the literature about the role of Tregs in CTCL. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the expression of granulysin and FOXP3 in mycosis fungoides (MF), its precursor lesion large plaque parapsoriasis and its leukemic form ;$s\acute{e}ezary$ syndrome (SS). Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical expression of granulysin and FOXP3 were assessed in lesional skin biopsies taken from 58 patients (4 large plaque parapsoriasis, 48 MF and 6 SS). Results: Granulysin positivity was cytoplasmic and higher in MF than in parapsoriasis en plaque and higher in the more advanced stages of MF (p<0.001). All groups showed significant differences between each other except between MF tumor stage and SS. FOXP3 positivity was nuclear and higher in early stage MF (plaque and patch stages) than in tumor stages and SS (p<0.001). However the FOXP3 count was lower in parapsoriasis en plaque than in other stages of MF. All the groups showed significant differences between each other except between parapsoriasis and SS and between patch and plaque stages of MF. Conclusions: The present study supports a role for granulysin in MF progression and proposes a novel hypothesis about the effect of FOXP3 +veTregs in the suppression of the activity of the neoplastic cells in MF.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.411.1-411.1
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• 2014

This study evaluates the utility of an antibacterial microneedle composed of green tea extract (GT) and hyaluronic acid (HA), for the efficient delivery of GT. These microneedles have the potential to be a patient-friendly method for the conventional sustained release of drugs. In this study, a fabrication method using a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ${\sim}60mm^2$ with antibacterial properties was used to manufacture transdermal drug delivery systems. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry was carried out to observe the potential modifications in the microneedles, when incorporated with GT. The degradation rate of GT in GT/HA microneedles was controlled simply by adjusting the HA composition. The effects of different ratios of GT in the HA microneedles were determined by measuring the release properties. In HA microneedles loaded with 70% GT (GT70), a continuous higher release rate were sustained for 72 h. The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles are not generally cytotoxic to chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24 h. Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. Furthermore, GT/HA microneedles reduced bacterial growth in the infected skin wound sites and improved skin wound healing process in rat model.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 미량오염물질인 클린다마이신(Clindamycin) 항생제의 생분해성을 질산화 슬러지내 에서 평가하는 것이다. 우선 단기간 배치 실험(Batch)을 통한 10ppb의 클린다마이신 생분해 실험결과, 클린다마이신이 반으로 줄어드는 시간 ($t_{0.5}$)은 질산화 슬러지내에서는 9.1시간으로 측정되었으나, 질산화가 저해된 슬러지내에서는 $t_{0.5}$ 시간이 26.1시간으로 증가하였다. 본 실험을 통해, 클린다마이신 분해산물이 질산화 슬러지내에서 발견되었고 이는 clindamycin-sulfoxide (m/z 441)인 것으로 추정되었다. 이 분해산물은 항생 능력이 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 이 클린다마이신 분해산물은 장기간 배치실험을 통해서도 줄어들지 않는 것으로 관찰되었다. 따라서, 활성슬러지를 통한 클린다마이신의 완전 생분해는 쉽지 않은 것으로 판단되었다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.442-448
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• 2006

Human lactoferrin (hLf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein that has been considered to play many biological roles in the human, including the stimulation of the immune system, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, and regulation of iron absorption. We generated transgenic Siberian ginseng (Acanthopanax senticosus) cell cultures producing a functional hLf protein using the signal peptide sequence from the endoplasmic reticulum and driven by an oxidative stress-inducible SWPA2 promoter which is highly expressed in plant cell cultures. The production of hLf increased proportionally to cell growth and showed a maximal level (up to 3.6% of total soluble protein) at the stationary phase in suspension cultures. Full-length hLf protein was identified by immunoblot analysis in transgenic cell cultures of Siberian ginseng. Recombinant hLf (rhLf) was purified from suspension cells of Siberian ginseng by ammonium sulfate precipitation, cation-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. N-terminal sequences of rhLf were identical to native hLf (nhLf). The overall monosaccharide composition of rhLf showed the presence of plant specific xylose while sialic acid is absent. Antibacterial activity of purified rhLf was higher than that of nhLf. Taken together, we anticipate that medicinal Siberian ginseng cultured cells, as demonstrated by this study, will be a biotechnologically useful source for commercial production of functional hLf not requiring further purification.