• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1538-1545
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• 2007

Clavulanic acid (CA) is an inhibitor of ${\beta}$-lactamase that is produced from Streptomyces clavuligerus NRRL3585 and is used in combination with other antibiotics in clinical treatments. In order to increase the production of CA, the replicative and integrative expressions of ccaR (encoding for a specific regulator of the CA biosynthetic operon) and cas2 (encoding for the rate-limiting enzyme in the CA biosynthetic pathway) were applied. Six recombinant plasmids were designed for this study. The pIBRHL1, pIBRHL3, and pIBRHL13 were constructed for overexpression, whereas pNQ3, pNQ2, and pNQ1 were constructed for chromosomal integration with ccaR, cas2, and ccaR-cas2, respectively. All of these plasmids were transformed into S. clavuligerus NRRL3585. CA production in transformants resulted in a significantly enhanced amount greater than that of the wild type, a 2.25-fold increase with pIBRHLl, a 9.28-fold increase with pNQ3, a 5.06-fold increase with pIBRHL3, a 2.93-fold increase with pNQ2 integration, a 5.79-fold increase with pIBRHLl3, and a 23.8-fold increase with pNQ1. The integrative pNQl strain has been successfully applied to enhance production.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2006

This work described 3 infection cases caused by Rhodococcus equi in foals between 3 and 5 months of age. The disease histories were not fully taken from local veterinarians. At least 1 sick foal has been treated with cephalothins followed by penicillins during approximately 1 week, but died without effectiveness and other foals rearing with the animal have been suffering from severe pneumonia which show high fever, laboring respiration, cough and/or nasal discharge. There were many abscessations into lungs of 2 foals in postmortem examination and another 1 sample was pus collected from abscess around the shoulder, indicating the osteomyelitis. Those bacteria were grampositive coryneform and were identified as a R. equi by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers for R. equi-specific vapA gene. The pathogens were usually resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, cefazolin, clindamycin, sulfamethoxazol/trimethoprim, kanamycin, and tetracycline, while were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, orfloxacin, gentamicin, erythromycin, neomycin, and vancomycin. Some more foals with respiratory symptoms in 1 horse farm were treated by orally administration with erythromycin during 2 weeks. Because the combination of erythromycin and rifampin has recommended as the treatment for R. equi infections in foals, the local equine veterinarian can choose those antibiotics for the treatment of this disease in future. However, another antimicrobial agent may be necessary if R. equi resistant to both agents is isolated.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.288-291
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• 2013

The purpose of the retrospectivestudy was to describe the clinical findings and treatment of intracorneal hemorrhage (ICH) in canine small breeds. The medical records of 6 dogs with ICH (January 2007 to November 2011) were examined to obtain the breed, age, gender, affected eye, cornea area, treatment, and follow-up. A total of 12 corneal areas in 8 eyes were identified in 6 dogs (4 Yorkshire terriers, 1 Poodle, and 1 Maltese). The mean age ${\pm}SD$ at the first presentation was $12.3{\pm}2.8$years, and 5 of 6 dogs were over 12 years old. ICH caused by corneal neovascularization was the most common in the nasal area of cornea (nasal 6/12, superior 4/12, and inferior 2/12) and recurred in different area of same or other cornea in 3 dogs. There were no concomitant corneal diseases at the initial presentation. All dogs affected were treated with combination of topical antibiotics and steroids and subconjuctival injection of steroids. The results showed that ICH can be treated with long-term medical therapies. In addition, further study would be needed to identify specific causes for the intracorneal hemorrhage.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.110-116
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• 2005

Purpose: Urgent diagnosis and treatment of the septic arthritis is required. The purpose of this study is to review to correlate preoperative MRI findings with arthroscopic findings in septic arthritis of the glenohumeral joint. Materials and Methods: Eleven patients with acute septic arthritis of the glenohumeral joint were treated with combination of arthroscopic lavage, debridement, and systemic antibiotics. The arthroscopic staging of infection was made based on the modified criteria of $G\"{a}chter$ and five major findings of MRI were marked in each stage of septic shoulder. Results: Bone and cartilage erosion was the end stage finding and two patients with all five positive findings had failed with arthroscopic treatment. Reactive bone marrow edema was evident in the greater tuberosity. Joint effusion, synovial thickening and soft tissue edema were rather non-specific finding and presented in all stages of septic shoulder. Conclusion: Diffuse marrow edema with metaphyseal cyst formation in the preoperative MRI implied advanced stage of septic arthritis, which may fail with arthroscopic debridement.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2006

통상의 기계적 방법에 의해 치유가 안되는 감염된 치아의 치수치료에 항생제를 이용한 화학적 방법을 함께 적용할 수 있다. Metronidazole, ciprofloxacin 및 minocycline으로 조합된 항생제 (3Mix)의 사용은 근관 및 치근단 주위 병소를 멸균시키는데 효과적이다. 이들 항생제 중 minocycline은 반합성 tetracycline유도체로써 치아는 물론 콜라겐 조직의 변색을 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 증례에서는 치수치료에 항생제를 사용하여 치료를 완료하였으나 minocycline에 의해 유발된 치아변색을 관찰하였다. 변색된 실활 영구치 중 구치는 금속도개관을 이용한 보철치료로 수복하였고 전치에는 과붕간나트륨과 증류수를 혼합 적용하는 표백술을 시행한 바, 심미적 개선을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2015

치수괴사가 있는 미성숙 치아를 치료할 때 많은 도전을 받는데, 역사적으로 수산화칼슘을 장기간 적용하여 석회 차단벽의 형성을 유도하는 것이 사용되어 왔다. 2004년 개방성 근첨을 치료할 수 있는 '재혈관화'라는 새로운 방법이 소개되어 널리 인정받게 되었다. 기존의 근첨형성술과 이 방법이 다른 점은 근관을 세 항생제 (ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and minocycline)로 소독하고 인위적으로 근관내 출혈을 유도한 다음, MTA로 밀폐한다. 괴사된 미성숙 영구치를 재생 근관치료를 성공적으로 하였을 경우, 지속적인 치근의 성장과 상아질벽 두께의 증가, 및 치근첨의 폐쇄를 얻을 수 있다. 이는 치수-상아질 복합체의 기능적 회복과 발달이 궁극적으로 자연치의 유지에 기여하는 점이다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 1999

갈래곰보의 원혈질체 분리와 배양 조건을 확립하여 생명공학기술에 의한 유전적 형질개량의 기초조건을 마련코자 하였다. Abalone acetone powder,소라의 내장조효소, Pseudomanas와 Vibrio의 조효소, Cellulas R-10, Macerozyme R-10, Hemicellulase, Pectinase, Driselase, Protease 등을 0.6M mannitol과 0.5% potassium dextran sulfate를 함유한 50mM MES 해수완충액(pH 6.0)에 단독 또는 조합하여 조제한 효소액을 갈래곰보의엽체에 처리하였을 때 Abalone acetone powder 4.0% + Macerozyme R-10 4.0% + Hemicellulase 4.0% 효소조합액의 처리로서 생체조직 1g당 $107.6{\times}10^4$개의 원혈질체를 분리시킬 수 있었다. 갓 분리한 원형질체는 투명한 타원형으로 $7{\mu} m$~ $24{\mu} m$의 범위에 분포하였다. 0.2M mannitol을 첨가한 $ASP_{12}$배지에 배양한 세포는 9일 후 분열되고 25일 후 발아하였다. $ASP_{12}$배지는 f/2배지보다 갈래 곰보의 원혈질체 배양에 효과적이었으며 Guillard 항생물질조합액의 처리는 분화에 장애가 되었다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2014

Background: The chin shape and position is important in determining the general shape of the face, and augmentation genioplasty is performed alone or in combination with other aesthetic procedures. However, augmentation genioplasty using osteotomy is an invasive and complex procedure with the potential to damage mentalis muscle and mental nerve, to affect chin growth, and prolonged recovery. Our aim was to present our experience with a modified augmentation genioplasty procedure for hypoplastic chins using a Gore-Tex implant. Methods: Two vertical slit incisions were made at the canine level to create a supra-periosteal pocket between the incisions, preserving the periosteum and mentalis muscle. Minimal sub-periosteal dissection was performed lateral to the incisions along the mandibular border. The both wings of implant were inserted under the periosteum to achieve a stable dual plane implantation. Results: In total, 47 patients underwent dual plane chin augmentation using a Gore- Tex implant between January 2008 and May 2013. The mean age at operation was 25.77 years (range, 15-55 years). There were 3 cases of infection; one patient was treated with antibiotics, the others underwent implant removal. Additionally, two patients complained of postoperative parasthesia that spontaneously improved without any additional treatment. Most patients were satisfied with the postoperative outcomes, and no chin growth problems were observed among the younger patients. Conclusion: Dual plane Gore-Tex chin augmentation is a minimally-invasive operation that is simple and safe. All implants yielded satisfactory results with no significant complications such as mental nerve injury, lower lip incompetence, or chin growth limitation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2003

저자들은 폐전이가 동반된 고환암 환자에서 bleomycin을 포함한 항암화학요법제 투여 후 발열과 기침을 호소하는 환자에서 발생한 약물 유발성 폐독성으로 인한 폐쇄세기관지기질화폐렴 양상의 폐손상을 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.26.1-26.18
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to systematically review the pain and flare-up effects of calcium hydroxide (CH) as intracanal medication (ICM) in non-vital mature teeth. Materials and Methods: Electronic-databases searching for published and grey literature and manual searching were conducted. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included comparing CH to other ICMs in non-vital mature teeth. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2.0 Cochrane tool. The main outcomes were pain and flare-up. Qualitative and quantitative analysis, wherever applicable, was performed. The certainty of evidence (CoE) was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: Sixteen articles were included in 6 comparisons at different time points for different outcomes. CH reduced pain risk than no ICM within the 1-14-days interval (p < 0.05) and than triple-antibiotic paste within the first day (p < 0.05) and was similar to corticosteroid/antibiotics combination (p > 0.05). Chlorhexidine (CHX) or CH/CHX, however, reduced pain levels than CH alone (p < 0.05). CH showed higher flare-up risk than CHX (p < 0.05). CoE, however, ranged from very low to moderate. Conclusion: Most comparisons for different outcomes are based on very few studies, mostly low-powered, with an overall low CoE. Thus, the available evidence is considered insufficient to either support or refute CH effectiveness or to recommend one ICM over another. Therefore, further well-designed, larger RCTs are required.