• Toxicological Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2013

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has become a significant threat to public health. Although broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy is the primary treatment option for CDI, its use has evident limitations. Probiotics have been proved to be effective in the treatment of CDI and are a promising therapeutic option for CDI. In this study, 4 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), namely, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR5), Lactococcuslactis (SL3), Bifidobacterium breve (BR3), and Bifidobacterium lactis (BL3) were evaluated for their anti-C. difficile activity. Co-culture incubation of C. difficile ($10^6$ and $10^{10}$ CFU/ml) with each strain of LAB indicated that SL3 possessed the highest antimicrobial activity over a 24-hr period. The cell-free supernatants of the 4 LAB strains exhibited $MIC_{50}$ values between 0.424 mg/ml (SL3) and 1.318 (BR3) mg/ml. These results may provide a basis for alternative therapies for the treatment of C. difficile-associated gut disorders.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 2012

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is most commonly diagnosed bacterial infection in febrile infants. Renal abscess is a very rare complication of UTI in children. Early diagnosis and treatment with appropriate antibiotics are important because renal scar correlates positively with the time of treatment. Renal ultrasonography and abdominal computerized tomography facilitates an earlier diagnosis and is also useful in establishing percutaneous drainage. Extended broad spectrum antibiotics therapy alone can be effective in most types of renal abscesses in infant, but some antibiotics-resistant cases need surgical drainage or nephrectomy. We report a case of a infant UTI, that progressed to renal abscess despite early antibiotic treatment and was treated with US guided percutaneous needle aspiration.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.314-319
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• 2006

To determine the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory efficacy of Opuntia ficus-indica for chronic otitis, we evaluated the effects of topical applications of the methanol extracts with 20 cases of dogs which had chronic malignant otitis by pathogens with antibiotic resistance. The dogs had revealed recurrent symptoms of malignant otitis and were not treated by conventional therapeutic agents. However, in this study, the clinical cure rates of Opuntia ficus-indica was 75% and the average alleviation period was $1.21{\pm}0.42$ week, and the mean recovery period was $1.06{\pm}1.06$ week after the initiation of treatment. As the results of this study, topical Opuntia ficus-indica extracts was found to be highly effective for the treatment of chronic malignant otitis with clinical cure rates of 75% within 1.06 weeks of therapy. Further evaluation of Opuntia ficus-indica extracts will allow us to establish and to optimize the therapeutic strategy for the malignant otitis in veterinary practice, and the potential usefulness of this complementary treatment on recurrent infectious pathology.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2000

This study was designed to examine therapeutic effect of bee(Apis mellifera L.) venom in calves with bacterial diarrhea. Calves with bacterial diarrhea were administered with bee venom and therapeutic drug, respectively. In the bee venom-treated group, 69 calves were acupunctured once a day for 3 conseutive days. Two local acupoints of Jiao-chao(GV-1, at the indentation between the base of tail and the anus) and Bai-hui(GV -20, in the dorsal midline of the lumbo-sacral space) were stung by the bee. In the therapeutic drug-treated group, 55 claves were intramuscularly injected with a standard dosage of antibiotic (ciprofloxacin, 2.5 mg/kg of body weight) and antidiarrheal drug (berberine cholride, 10mg/head) once a day for 3 consecutive days. At post-treatment, 81.2% of the bee venom-treated calves and 76.4% of the therapeutic drugtreated calves were recovered from bacterial diarrhea. Bee acupuncture therapy showed in calves without side effects such as allergy hemorrhage, or infection. It might be concluded that apitherapy was affective in controlling of calves with bacterial diarrhea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.323-326
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• 2010

Candidiasis is a mycosis caused by the mycelial yeast of the Candida genus which is opportunistic pathogen of humans, animals, and birds. Under some conditions such as prolonged antibiotic therapy, overcrowding, and immunosuppression, the opportunistic Candida can cause disease. Chicken candidiasis is sporadically occurred and characterized by unsatisfactory growth, listlessness, roughness of feathers, and death. A case of 23 weeks old layer with history of increased mortality and anemia was submitted to our Lab. At necropsy, the characteristic lesions were observed in the crop and proventriculus. The whitish pseudomembrane, that are peeled easily, was found in the crop. Proventriculus was swollen and the mucosa was covered with hemorrhagic exudate. The histological changes of the affected crop are epithelial hyperplasia, hydropic degeneration, and mycelia formation. Smears made from the necrotic mucosal surfaces of the crop revealed the presence of large number of yeast cells and mycelia. Pure cultures of yeast colonies were obtained from the potato dextrose agar. The yeast cells were identified as Candida albicans by gene sequencing. To our knowledge, this is the first report of candidiasis in chickens with anemia in Korea.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.776-779
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• 2003

An eight-year-old boy was referred to our hospital with cough and high fever. His past medical history included a small sized ventricular septal defect (VSD) at birth. Transthoracic echocardiography disclosed a 10 x 6 mm vegetation on tricuspid valve, a small VSD and the moderate tricuspid valve insufficiency were found. Blood cultures grew methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. Despite proper antibiotic therapy, fever was not controlled and his course was complicated by pulmonary infarction. The patient simultaneously underwent pulmonary resection and open heart surgery. Through the median sternotomy we performed open thrombectomy and lobectomy (right lower lobe) at first, and then vegetectomy, tricuspid valve repair, and direct closure of VSD were done under cardiopulmonary bypass.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1007-1013
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• 1995

We managed 80 patients of bronchiectasis from Jan.1983 to Dec.1992 admitted to the department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital. We evaluated clinically these patients and summarized as follows. Alpha-hemolytic streptococcus was the most commonly found bacterial strain in microbial study. For the conservative treatment, first generation cefalosporins, aminoglycosides and ampicillin were used as antibiotic therapy in this order of frequency. The preoperative final diagnosis was made by bronchography and HRCT. In the image study saccular type bronchiectasis was 47.1%, cylindrical 27.5%, mixed 17.6% and varicose 7.8%. Anatomically left side involvement was more frequent than the right as 61.2% to 38.8% and the most commonly invading lobar area was left lower. Reversibility after conservative treatment for all the types of bronchiectasis was 66%. Surgical treatment were done in 50 cases, among these left lower lobectomy was 38.0%, left lower lobectomy with ligular segmentectomy 22.0%, right middle and lower bilobectomy 16.0%, right lower lobectomy 10.0%, left pneumonectomy 10.0%, right pneumonectomy 4.0%. In 10 cases, there remained some lesion in the other sites of lung parenchyme after first attempt surgical resection because the distribution of lesion is too broad to resect out in single thoracotomy hoping improvement by medical management.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.209-212
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• 1997

A fifteen-year-old boy was transported to our hospital emmergency room due to sudden onset of chest pain, hemoptysis and dyspnea. He was diagnosed as persistent ductus arteriosus that had developed acute bacterial endocarditis with pulmonic valve vegetation and pulmonary embolism with pulmonary infarction. After conservative antibiotic therapy (vancomycin + aminoglycoside), we operated this patient successfully - patch closer of the ductus and pulmonary valve valvuloplasty - under the cardiopulmonary bypass.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.570-573
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• 2006

A healthy, 14-year-old boy presented with right hip pain and consequent fever after falling out of bed while sleeping. The patient could not walk and complained of severe pain with active and passive motion, which consisted mainly in extension and internal rotation of the right hip. Laboratory analysis of the peripheral blood identified leukocytosis and increased levels of acute phase reactants. Magnetic resonance imaging of the hip, which was performed with the expectation of right hip pathology, revealed cellulitis and abscess in the right psoas muscle and associated inflammatory changes in the adjacent presacral fat plane but showed no abnormal lesions in the adjacent pelvic bone and spine. Staphylococcus hominis was cultured from the blood. With empirical antibiotic therapy, the patient recovered fully. We report a case of primary psoas abscess confused with hip pathology in an immunocompetent child without underlying disease.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.57-60
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• 2005

A patient with actinomyces infection of the submandibular soft tissue was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). A 38-year-old woman presented with a right submandibular mass which slowly grew in size over one month. Clinically and radiologically, the lesion was considered as tuberculous lymphadenitis or cellulitis. The polymerase chain reaction for tuberculosis was done by aspirated specimen but the result was negative. The smears of aspiration cytology showed characteristic colonies (sulfur granules) of actinomyces in inflammatory background. After antibiotic therapy for eight months, the patient has been well, showing no detectable mass. This patient was simply and rapidly diagnosed by FNAC and can avoid unnecessary surgical biopsy.