• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.539-544
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• 2010

In this study, we evaluated the anti-oxidative, anti-wrinkle and whitening effect of Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke extract. Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke was extracted by two different solvents which were n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The anti-oxidant activity was measured by free radical scavenging activity using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical). And the inhibitory activities of tyrosinase for whitening effect and collagenase for anti-wrinkle were investigated. For anti-oxidant activity and whitening activity, ethyl acetate fraction of Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke extract showed more significant activity than n-hexane fraction of Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke extract. For anti-wrinkle activity, ethyl acetate fraction of Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke extract exhibited strong inhibition effects compared with reference. Therefore, Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke extract may be useful as a new antioxidant and anti-aging agent.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

Objectives : The fruit of Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc. has been used as an alternative medicine and functional food in Korea and Japan for preventive and therapeutic purposes. However, its molecular actions and mechanism on anti-inflammatory activity have not been clearly investigated. The aim of this study was to clarify the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract of P. mume fruit (EEPM) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and sought to understand the associated molecular mechanisms. Methods : Cytotoxicity was assessed by an MTT assay. The amount of nitric oxide (NO) production was determined by nitrite assay. The mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was analyzed by RT-PCR. In addition, expression levels of iNOS, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein were detected by Western blotting. Results : Our data indicated that EEPM inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. At the mRNA and protein levels, EEPM suppressed LPS-induced iNOS expression. On the other hand, EEPM markedly enhanced HO-1 expression, which was associated with an induction and nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of EEPM against LPS‑induced NO production was significantly enhanced by hemin, a HO-1 inducer; however, EEPM's effect on the production of NO was abolished by zinc protoporphyrin IX, a HO-1 inhibitor. Conclusion : The results suggest that EEPM can act as a suppressor agent on NO production through an activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, and may be a promising candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.146-156
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• 2018

Spermidine is a naturally occurring polyamine compound that has recently emerged with anti-aging properties and suppresses inflammation and oxidation. However, its mechanisms of action on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the potential of spermidine for reducing pro-inflammatory and oxidative effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and zebrafish was explored. Our data indicate that spermidine significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), and cytokines including tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ and $interleukin-1{\beta}$ in RAW 264.7 macrophages without any significant cytotoxicity. The protective effects of spermidine accompanied by a marked suppression in their regulatory gene expression at the transcription levels. Spermidine also attenuated the nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 subunit and reduced LPS-induced intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, spermidine prevented the LPS-induced NO production and ROS accumulation in zebrafish larvae and was found to be associated with a diminished recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages. Although more work is needed to fully understand the critical role of spermidine on the inhibition of inflammation-associated migration of immune cells, our findings clearly demonstrate that spermidine may be a potential therapeutic intervention for the treatment of inflammatory and oxidative disorders.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the anti-aging effect of Rosa damascena extract containing low molecular glycoprotein (RELG) converted from the high molecular glycoprotein by bioconversion. Free radical scavenging activities were performed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Antioxidant activities ($IC_{50}$) of RELG and the positive control ascorbic acid were $22.6{\mu}g/mL$ and $21.1{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. For skin cells, $15{\mu}g/mL$ RELG showed 28% antioxidant activity by inhibiting the production of active oxygen species induced by ultraviolet ray and hydrogen peroxide. $15{\mu}g/mL$ RELG prevented 10% the cell death caused by stress in human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HDPC) and reduced 90% the production of active oxygen species. In addition, the glycoprotein showed not only anti-wrinkle effect but also moisturizing effect by 48% inhibition of matrix metallo proteinase-1 (MMP-1) production by ultraviolet stress and $10{\mu}g/mL$ RELG enhanced 10% neutral lipid synthesis with 44% aquaporin 3 (AQP3) expression, which is moisture factor. In conclusion, the RELG can be used as an anti-aging cosmetic material.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.751-756
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• 2013

This research old age chestnut tree that loss function chestnut leaf renewal efficiency enlargement and development of cosmeceutical product by purpose. Chestnut leaf (CL) exhibits numerous pharmacological effect including anti-allergy and anti-microbial properties. However, the anti-wrinkle effect of CL is not completely understood. In this study, to find a possible explanation for the anti-wrinkle effects of CL, we evaluated the effects of CL on radical scavenging activity, elastase inhibition activity and collagenase inhibition activity. CL was extracted with various solvents including water (CLW), 70% ethanol (CLE) and 70% acetone (CLA). The results showed that CLW, CLE, and CLA have the radical scavenging activity. In addition, we showed that CLW, CLE, and CLA have the elastase inhibition activity and collagenase inhibition activity. Consequently, the CL has a potent anti-wrinkle effect and it could be a useful cosmeceutical product for anti-aging purposes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.3232-3238
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• 2014

Mollugin has been reported to have various biological activities including antineoplastic, antitumor, antiviral against the hepatitis B virus, anti-aging and antimutagenic activities. An effective and concise synthesis of mollugin in two steps including kinetic control from the cheap starting material 1,4-naphthoquinone has been introduced, and mollugin derivatives thus prepared are screened for their inhibition ability against the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the dihydrobenzochromene structure might be an additional anti-HCV agent as a new leading compound.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.179-191
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• 2017

Objectives : Increased oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been suggested as a major cause of muscle fatigue. Although several studies have demonstrated the various biological properties of Sophora flavescens Aiton, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer and Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz, but the antioxidative potentials have not been clearly demonstrated. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of their water and ethanol extract mixtures (medicinal herbal mixtures, MHMIXs) on hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced cell damage and apoptosis in C2C12 myoblasts. Methods : Cytotoxicity was assessed by an MTT assay. Quantitative evaluation of apoptosis induction and ROS production was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. Expression levels of apoptosis regulatory and DNA-damage proteins were detected by Western blotting. Result : The inhibition of $H_2O_2$-induced cell proliferation was effectively blocked in extracts of 3: 1: 1 (EMHMIXs-1) or 2: 2: 1 (EMHMIXs-2) of S. flavescens, G. uralensis and D. dasycarpus Turcz, ethanol extracts from various complex extracts in C2C12 myoblasts. EMHMIXs-1 and EMHMIXs-2 also effectively attenuated $H_2O_2$-induced C2C12 cell apoptosis, which was associated with the restoration of the upregulation of Bad and death receptor 4, and downregulation of XIAP and cIAP-1 induced by $H_2O_2$. In addition, these herbal mixtures significantly blocked the $H_2O_2$-induced ROS generation and phosphorylation of $p-{\gamma}H2A.X$, which suggests that they can prevent $H_2O_2$-induced cellular DNA damage. Conclusions : The results suggest that EMHMIXs-1 and EMHMIXs-2 could block the DAN damage and apoptosis of C2C12 myoblasts by oxidative stress through blocking ROS generation.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.2 s.57
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• pp.75-79
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• 2006

In this study. we evaluated anti-aging activity of medical plants that protect the skin cell damage induced by UV irradiation. We have investigated diverse biological activities of Selaginella tamariscina as an anti-aging ingredient of cosmetics. S. tamariscina was found to show scavenging activities of radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the $IC_{50}$ values of $65.1{\mu}g/mL$ against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and $40.9 {\mu}g/mL$ against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. For testing intracellular ROS scavenging activity, the cultured human dermal fibroblasts were analyzed by increase in dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence upon exposure to UVB $20 mJ/cm^2$ after treatment of S. tamariscina. UVA-induced MMP-1 protein and mRNA expression in human dermal fibroblasts were reduced in a dose-dependent manner by S. tamariscina. Moreover, S. tamariscina inhibited MMP-2 (gelatinase) activity in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts assayed by zymography and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Taken together, these results suggest that S. tamariscina may act as an anti-aging agent by Increasing collagen and preventing the skin cell damage induced by UV irradiation, and imply that S. tamariscina nay be useful as a new ingredient for anti-aging cosmetics.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.82-91
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate whitening effects and anti-wrinkle effects of a few 80% ethanol extracted herbal medicines. Methods : In the first study, a few 80% ethanol extracted herbal medicines were screened for their inhibitory activities against the tyrosinase. In the second study, a few 80% ethanol extracted herbal medicines were screened for their inhibitory activities against elastase. Results : 1. We showed 28%, 27% and 19% inhibitions of mushroom tyrosinase at 500 $\mu$g/ml concentration of ASR, AIF and ABR extracts and they were showed higher anti-tyrosinase activity than arbutin's. We also could observe that the decreased mushroom tyrosinase activities in RR, CML, LR, AGR and TH extracts. 2. RR, AF and ABR (final concentrstion 1 mg/ml) were appeared 60%, 98%, 83% of inhibitions of elastase activity, and they were showed higher anti-elastase activity than that of ursolic acid. We also could observe that the decreased elastase activities in AIF, AR, LR and CML extracts. Conclusions : These results suggest that ASR, AIF and ABR extracts contribute to the anti-melanin activities and represent potential sources of whitening agent, and RR, AF and ABR extracts contribute to the anti-elastase activities and represent potential sources of anti-wrinkle agent. These results suggest that some herbal medicines could be strong potential sources of inhibition about anti-aging and whitening effects for the skin.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.613-622
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• 2024

This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum) leaves and to explore the potential of pomegranate leaf extract as an anti-aging cosmetic ingredient. The ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract of pomegranate leaf (EFP) was assessed for its total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, as well as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The beneficial components and skin improvement potential of pomegranate leaves were investigated. The results showed that the total polyphenol content of EFP was 871.6±16.3 mg gallic acid/g, and the flavonoid content was 36.6±0.3 mg quercetin/g. In the ABTS radical scavenging assay, EFP exhibited a dose-dependent antioxidant activity with an EC50 value of 24.62±0.48 ㎍/mL. In the skin cell cytotoxicity assay, EFP demonstrated high cell viability at concentrations below 50 ㎍/mL, indicating minimal cytotoxicity. In the nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition assay, EFP effectively inhibited NO production even at low concentrations, with near-complete inhibition at 6 ㎍/mL. These results suggest that EFP has the potential to be utilized as a natural cosmetic ingredient with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.