• 보존과학연구
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• s.31
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty is one of the World Heritage which should be conserved well. However, some of wax treated volume of the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty have damaged seriously. Currently a variety of efforts to conserve and restore the injured volumes are continued and many studies about the aging mechanism of the wax treated volume have being progressed. The analysis of VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) emitted from paper cultural heritage is one of the methods to understand the degradation pathway of paper cultural heritage. The analysis of VOCs emitted from paper cultural heritage has been mainly conducted by SPME (Solid Phase Microextraction) method. SPME is potable and simple method but it is difficult to collect all VOCs emitted from a book such as the Annals of Joseon Dynasty. The dynamic chamber system has generally used to do analysis of VOCs emitted from the building materials, furniture and electric appliances. The chamber system is possible to do quantitative and qualitative analysis by a continuous $N_2$ gas flow and the proper chamber which is able to gather all VOCs emitted from the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. In this study, the most material among detected VOCs was Naphthalene. Naphthalene has used to prevent organic cultural heritage from being damaged by various microbes for a long time. Apart from Naphthalene, main VOCs were Acetic acid, 2-Chloroethanol, 2-Bromoethanol, Furfural, 1-Methylnaphthalene, Azulene, and 2,4-Dioctylphenol. Of these VOCs, Furfural especially was known for a marker which represents a different emission rate according to the aging level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.64-76
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• 2015

This study investigated data on beef dietary consumption during the Joseon Dynasty Period, including "the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty", "the Diaries of the Royal Secretariat", and "Ilsongnok". Beef stands for superstitions as well as respect, broad-mindedness, exquisite culinary taste, and is a symbol of taste. In the historic record, we found two extremely opposite trends; specifically, Ugeum (牛禁, forbidding beef consumption and indulgence in beef). On the one hand, believing that they were the rudimentary foundation to Korea's agriculture, Joseon authorities tried to protect cows and bulls as valuable agricultural assets. Meanwhile, there were several officially sanctioned beef consumption events in the Joseon period. These included Jesu (祭需, food for ancestral rites), Daejup (待接, servings), Hasa (下賜, bestowment), and Hogue (犒饋, comforting soldiers with culinary methods). These included offerings to the departed spirits, servings, bestowment, and comforting soldiers with culinary methods. Especially in Joseon's Yeonhang (燕行) Journals, we can see different beef distributions and preferences between Japan and China. Furthermore, The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty even addressed the general issue of beef treatment; special methods for beef processing, beef distribution, tool materials, and prices of beef.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.17-27
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• 2014

We report the results of our study for ascertaining whether Ganui-dae built in the Josen Dynasty actually performed an astronomical role or not. The Ganui-dae was the first astronomical structure built as a part of the state astronomical undertakings by King Se-Jong. Our analysis was based on the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. At first we extracted the records regarding Ganui-dae from the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty and then classified them under six heads according to their astronomical meaning and historical significance. From this analysis we found that the Ganui-dae performed the actual astronomical role. In addition, the provisional offices and peoples mentioned in the records show the astronomical correlation. Generally, when taking into account the functional side of the records, the Ganui-dae was related with the observation. Therefore, the Ganui-dae was the space for the astronomical activity. In conclusion, the Ganui-dae was built for the purpose of the astronomical activity.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.70-78
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• 2012

The Annals of Joseon Dynasty, which recorded governmental affairs for 472 years (AD 1392-1863) during the Joseon dynasty is an representative paper cultural heritage in Korea. Being recognised their authenticity and values they were designated as the No 151 national treasure of Korea in 1973 and registered as 'The Memories of the World' by UNESCO in 1997. Unusually, some volumes of the Annals were treated by beeswax for the permanent preservation. However, the examinations on the deterioration of the beeswax-treated volumes had been exposed the serious damage than the untreated volumes. In particular, the larger amount of beeswax were worst in deterioration condition. In order to solve these problems, NRICH(National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) of Korea launched the investigation study for the conservation of beeswax-treated volumes of the Annals. Now then, the five study areas have been set up; 1) to understand the damaged condition of the Annals; 2) to analyse the raw materials and production techniques; 3) to test the degradation degree using the duplication samples for understanding the aging factors and mechanism; 4) to develop the conservation techniques through dewaxing and thereafter strengthening the base paper of Hanji; 5) to develop the long-term storage technique using inert gases. On the basis of outcomes from this study, NRICH will plan to establish the systematic conservation and management plan for the beeswax-treated volumes of the Annals in future.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.28
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• pp.21-37
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• 2007

Paper cultural asset show various deterioration characteristics and behaviors according to the environmental conditions during the storage. The understanding of the paper itself and its conservation knowledge is thus prerequisite to preserve paper cultural assets and pass them to descendants in a good condition. The Annals of Joseon Dynasty is one of the most important our written cultural assets (National treasure No.151) and it is registered as a UNESCO Memory of the World. The Annals of Joseon Dynasty is composed of 1707 volumes and 1,187 books that were written on the official history of 472 years(AD 1392-1863) from King Taejo to King Chuljong (25 generations). Among them, beewax-treated Annals show severe damages due to the deterioration of wax materials such as breaking, hardening, darkening, discoloring and whitening. Urgent measures should be taken to preserve the Annals and prevent further deterioration. Therefore, a systematic and scientific approach on the conservation and restoration of the Annals of Joseon Dynasty is definitely necessary. So it can be used an example to show how much the preservation science can conserve the paper cultural assets. In this respect, this study focuses on analyzing paper properties and deterioration behaviors of the Annals of King Sejong, the most damaged one, using non-destructive micro analysis techniques.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.66-72
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• 2011

The annals of Joseon Dynasty is one of UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. For the safety preservation of the waxed annals of Joseon Dynasty, the acidic and alkaline aging mechanism of beeswax and beeswaxed Hanji has been investigated. The weight loss of beeswaxed Hanji by the acidic aging was higher than those of alkaline beeswax. The acid value and relative intensity of carbonyl groups in beeswax were slowly increased with aging time. The strength of dewaxed Hanji was decreased with aging time. The significant changes of crystallinity of dewaxed Hanji by acidic and alkaline aging were not observed.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.41-52
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• 2018

In this study, we research the tendency of medical text publication by examining the period of the great measles outbreak and the period of the publication of specialized smallpox texts. Using the National Institute of Korean History database for the Annals of Joseon Dynasty, the Daily Records of Royal Secretariat of Joseon Dynasty and Bibyeonsadeunglok, we will compare all records of measles occurrence. Measles and smallpox (Majin in Korean) have similar symptoms and treatment methods. In East Asia, when measles occurred it spread to Joseon and Japan, which are verified by records of the Annals of Joseon Dynasty, the Daily Records of Royal Secretariat of Joseon Dynasty and Bibyeonsadeunglok. The medical books related to measles are; Ryuhasinbang, Majinpyeon, Geupyubang, Yimsinyeokbang, Eulmisinjeon, Majingbang, Jinyeokbang, Magwahoetong, Majingibang, Susengsingam, Hongjinsinbang. Measles and Majin are the same disease. During the period of measles occurrence, measles-related medical books were published, and this relation of measles occurrence and measles-related medical text publication is verified by several national records.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.17-28
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• 2013

According to "The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty", we know that korean ancestors confuse tea prescription with green tea. It makes cultural misunderstanding Tea doesn't mean green tea but tea prescription. It is caused that tea prescription has been called tea habitually in Korea. Korean don't drink green tea much. Instead, they have had a habit of drinking decoction of medicinal herbs and they called it tea. This habit has developed into Korean traditional tea culture. In the palace in the Joseon Dynasty period, Ginseng tea was used in the tea ceremony. When the king had poor health or had a disease or was even on the eve of death, a royal physician tried to cure him by tea. They used about 30 kinds of tea according to "The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty" Such as ginseng tea, astragalus tea, ginger tea. Tea in korea is not a drink but the way to cure a disease. Korean people usually get to drink decoction of other herbs instead of green tea. This became the basis of korean traditional tea culture. We need to change a definition of Korean tea like this way and study about it much more. With this research paper, korean tea culture should be studied on more various ways and established itself as original and unique tea culture. On the basis of this studies, Korean tea brand can be famous in the world like Chinese tea or Japanese tea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.76-90
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• 2010

Gwa-du(裹肚), name of a garment, appears often from documentary records of Joseon Dynasty. It is assumed as one of the upper garments for men, and according to the record, it was worn as a set with Dan-ryung(團領), Dap-ho(搭胡), Chul-rik(帖裏), Han-sam(汗衫), pants and socks. After the Japanese Invasion of Korea in the 17th century, it changes to a shape of wrapping clothes with straps at four corners, and used to cover the stomach of a corpse like sash. From 16th-17th century, before the Japanese Invasion of Korea, the excavated costume shows a clothing which takes a role of Jegori, longer than Han-sam(汗衫) and shorter than Po(袍). In this study, this clothing is called Gwa-du(裹肚). This study examined the usage and shape of Kwa-du from some documentary records- "朝鮮王朝實錄-The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty", "禮書- Book of Manners", "宮中件記- Googjoonghalkee, recording court goods and commodities lists" and more with actual clothing. Kwa-du is presumed to have changed to men's Jegori So-chang-ui(小氅衣) after 17th century.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.58-66
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• 2010

The Annals of beeswax applied-Joseon Dynasty have some serious damages such as cracks, brown, red or black spots, and discolorations by chemical and biological degradation, but others without any beeswax application have still been keeping good quality during over several hundred years. It would be convinced that the beeswax applied in the Annals resulted in these deteriorations. Therefore, in order to focus on the aging mechanism and conservation techniques for the beeswax-applied Annals of Joseon Dynasty, the beeswax applying and dewaxing techniques of Hanji were tried by auto bar coater with a hot plate, and by heat-pressure sensitive extracting treatments. The ageing behaviors of beeswaxed Hanji and dewaxed Hanji were investigated by measuring the changes of physical, optical, morphological, and chemical properties, through accelerated ageing treatment in dry oven at $150^{\circ}C$ during 48 hours. Consequently, the ageing actions of beeswaxed Hanji were even faster than that of Hanji. The optimum dewaxed amounts from beeswaxed Hanji was also obtained in pressure of $40\;kg_f$ under heating conditions.