• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.36-42
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• 1999

The antimicrobial activities of the copolymer of N,N'-dimethyl- N,N'-diallyl ammonium chloride(DMDAAC) and diallyl amino(DA) were investigated. The copolymer of DMDAAC and DA was prepared by free radical Polymerization through an intra-intermolecular propagation mechanism ie, cyclopolymerization. The copolymer was, then, reacted with cyanuric chloride for reactivity with hydroxyl group of cellulose. Cotton fabrics were finished by synthesized polymer, and their antimicrobial activities and fastness to launderings were tested. Dichlorotriazinyl DMDAAC-DA copolymer has MIC value of 1ppm against S. aureus and 10ppm against K pneumoniae. The antimicrobial fastness of the finished cotton to launderings were good enough to show colony reduction above 70% against S. aureus and K pneumoniae after 50 repeated laundering in anionic commercial detergent. Optimum treatment concentrations of the polymer were 0.5% in cold pad-batch method, and 0.1% in pad-dry method.

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.104-105
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• 2006

We succeeded the synthesis of new functional polymers by novel ring-opening addition reactions of bis(oxetane)s with diacyl chlorides, di(active ester)s, and di(carboxylic acid)s using quaternary onium salts as catalysts at appropriate conditions. Hyperbranched polyesters with many pendant hydroxy groups were also synthesized by the polyaddition of bis(oxetane)s with tricarboxylic acid, or by the self-polyadditions of $AB_2\;or\;A_2B$ type monomers containing oxetane group. The anionic ring-opening polymerization of (3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyl)oxetane was examined using sodium tert-buthoxide to give hyperbranched poly(ether)s containing one oxetanyl group and many hydroxyl groups in the end of polymer chain.

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.326-326
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• 2006

The combination of living anionic and coordination polymerization techniques enabled to synthesize the polystyrene-b-polyisoprene-b-poly (butyl isocyanate) triblock polymers. Their microphase-separated structures were zig-zag structures for high ${\phi}_{PIC}$ samples, and hockey-puck structures were also observed. The phase diagram for PSt-b-PIp-b-PIC rod-coil polymers was different from that for PS-PBd-PMMA triblock polymers, and it was found that ${\phi}_{PIC}$ was the important factor to determine the microphase-separated structures.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1995

Polymer cationic agent was prepared by the initial polymerization of epichlorohydrin followed by amination with diethyl-amine. Cotton fibre treated with the polymer (6∼8% o.w.f.) is highly cationic and exhibit increased substantivity for anionic dyes. The modified substrate could be dyed with direct dyes without salt or a little salt from dye bath. The increased concentration of cationic agents resulted in an increase the colour yield. Futhermore, treated cotton has an electropositive surface charge. Adsorption of direct dye can be attributed to both van der waals force and electrostatic attraction.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.609-614
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• 2010

In this study, emulsion polymerizations for synthesizing acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive(PSA) were carried out using 2-ethylhexyl acrylate(2-EHA), n-butyl acrylate(n-BA), methyl metacrylate(MMA) as fundamental monomers and acrylic acid(AAc) as a functional monomer in the presence of anionic SLS (sodium lauryl sulfate). To obtain the optimized synthetic condition in the polymerization, we analyzed the polymerization variables such as the effect of surfactant concentration and hydrophilic lipophilic values(HLB). At the same time, the final adhesive properties were also analyzed by the function of the initiator concentration and buffer concentration. In the results, the most stable emulsion was obtained at the surfactant concentrations between 3 and 5 wt%. It was also determined the effect of HLB value of nonionic surfactant and the initiator concentrations on the gel content. Stable emulsion is obtained using the surfactant having HLB value of 12.3. The rate of emulsion polymerization was increased at the initiator concentration greater than 1 wt%, but the stability of the emulsion was decreased. Finally, the effect of the buffer concentrations on the pH and the conversion of the acrylic emulsion product were experimentally measured. At the sodium bicarbonate concentration above 0.4 wt%, the buffer infulence was apparent. The buffer effect was fully acceptable at the concentrations between 0.6 and 0.8 wt% regardless of the monomer composition.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.109-115
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• 2012

Monodisperse blue-colored poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) latices were successfully prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization. Blue-colored latices with carboxyl anionic charge on the surface were synthesized at the second stage with the introduction of Blue 606 dye, acrylic acid, and 0.21 ${\mu}m$-polystyrene seed. All the blue-colored latices synthesized in this study were in the size range of 0.25~0.42 ${\mu}m$ and all uniform with less than 1.01 in PSD. The particle size increased with the addition of acrylic acid being delayed and colloidally stable latices were obtained over 30 min after its addition. The blue-colored latex with 20 wt% acrylic acid showed -145 mV of zeta-potential and $-9.4{\times}10^{-6}\;cm^2/Vs$ of electrophoretic mobility, and with 25 wt% of DVB showed high $T_g$ at 396.7 K.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.155-166
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• 1980

3-(N-Carbonylpyrrolidone)-propanoic acid potassium-salt and 3-(N-carbonylpyrrolidone)propenoic acid potassium-salt were synthesized by the reaction of 2-pyrrolidone potassium-salt with succinic anhydride and maleic anhydride in acetone and in acetone and in benzene. The anionic polymerization of 2-pyrrolidone with 3-(N-carbonylpyrrolidone)-propanoic acid potassium-salt or 3-(N-carbonylpyrrolidone)-propenoic acid potassium-salt as an initiator and potassium hydroxide as a catalyst was studied. It was found that 2.0 and 1.0 mole %, concentration of catalyst and initiator, and temperature of $50^{\circ}C$ was the optimum condition obtaining highest conversion and viscosity of polymer. The inherent viscosity of nylon 4 was measured to be 1.2 dl/g and 2.3 dl/g.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.770-775
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• 2009

$\omega$-Anhydride-functionalized poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) obtained from chain-end functionalization and anionic ring-opening polymerization of ethylene oxide using n-butyllithium with potassium t-butoxide in the presence of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was found to be an efficient material for the preparation of water-soluble, polymeric pro-drugs. The reaction of $\omega$-anhydride-functionalized PEO with sulfonamide or with vancomycin provided an efficient method to produce corresponding, water-soluble, PEO-conjugated sulfonamide or PEO-conjugated, vancomycin pro-drugs. These were used successfully to prepare water-dispersible, silver nanoparticles. In this study, the particle sizes were in the range of $5{\sim}40$ nm. The resulting products were characterized by $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron and X-ray diffraction, size exclusion chromatography, and UV/Visible spectroscopy.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2008

The $\alpha$,$omega$-diacrylate poly(dimethylsiloxane) (DA-PDMS) containing vinyl ester of versatic acid/vinyl acetate (Veova-10/VAc) was prepared by emulsion copolymerization of (DA-PDMS), Veova-10 (with VAc), and auxiliary agents at $85^{\circ}C$ in the presence of ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS) as an initiator. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and nonylphenol ethylene oxide-40 units (NP-40) were used as anionic and nonionic emulsifiers, respectively. The resulting copolymers were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Thermal properties of the copolymers were studied by using thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The morphology of copolymers was also investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and then the effects of variables such as temperature, agitation speed, surfactant kinds, molecular weights, initiator, and DA-PDMS concentrations on the properties of the silicone-containing Veova-10/VAc emulsions were examined. The calculation of monomer conversion versus time histories indicates that by increasing the DA-PDMS concentration the polymerization rate and the number of polymer particles decrease, respectively.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 1998

The cellulose modification can be made in steps, giving a range of new products having properties quite different from the parent cellulose. Effective molecular weight control and narrow molecular weight distribution of the polyacrylonitrile can be accomplished by anionic polymerization technique. Preformed polyacrylonitrile was grafted precisely onto cellulose acetate by SN$_2$ reaction mechanism in a simple and effective way under homogeneous reaction condition. The 3.5g of completely dried cellulose acetate(DS=2.4) dissolved in 50ml of dry THF was transferred to the 215m1 polyacrylonitrile solution. The mixture was stirred vigorously under nitrogen atmosphere for 2 hrs. FTIR spectra of cellulose acetate and grafted cellulose acetate were taken, and their characteristic bands were identified.