• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.176-185
• /
• 2017

Objective: To evaluate the relationship of gingival thickness (GT) and the width of keratinized gingiva (WKG) with different malocclusion groups and the level of crowding. Methods: A total of 187 periodontally healthy subjects (121 females and 66 males) who presented at the Faculty of Dentistry in $Y{\ddot{u}}z{\ddot{u}}nc{\ddot{u}}$ Yil University for orthodontic treatment were enrolled in the study. The individuals involved in the study were divided into three groups; Angle Class I malocclusion, Angle Class II malocclusion, and Angle Class III malocclusion. Each group was classified as mild, moderate, or severe according to the level of crowding. WKG was determined as the distance between the mucogingival junction and the free gingival margin. GT was determined by the transgingival probing technique. Factorial variance analysis and the Duncan multiple comparison test were employed to identify the extent to which a difference was apparent between the groups according to these parameters. Results: It was determined that teeth in the mandibular anterior region display the thin gingival biotype. WKG and GT were observed as being higher at the mandibular incisor teeth in the severe crowding group and at the mandibular canine teeth in the mild crowding group. The GT of the mandibular right central and lateral incisors was found to be thinner in the Angle Class III group. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, the results demonstrate that, there is no significant relationship of WKG and the mean GT in the mandibular anterior region according to the Angle classification.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.865-875
• /
• 1998

교정이나 악교정 수술 환자에서 치료계획 수립과 치료결과의 평가를 위해서 지금까지 많은 수평기준선이 사용되고 있으나 정확성과 재현성 등의 문제가 존재하고 있으며, 더욱 객관적인 수평기준선이 설정 될 수 있다면 교정학 분야에서 많은 발전이 기대될 수 있을 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 한국 성인의 부정교합군과 성별에 따른 Sella-Nasion(SN) 평면과 Frankfort-Horizontal(FH) 평면이 이루는 각도 및 FH평면과 다른 수평면 간의 상관 관계를 조사하기 위하여 먼저 임상검사를 시행하여 총 600 여명을 대상으로 측모두부규격 방사선사진을 촬영하였다. 계측결과를 바탕으로 연구대상을 골격성 I급 부정교합군 또는 정상교합군(남 50, 여 50), 골격성 II급 부정교합군(남 50, 여 65), 골격성 III급 부정교합군(남 50, 여50)으로 분류한 후 10개의 항목을 평가하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. SN평면과 FH평면이 이루는 각도는 부정교합에 따른 차이는 없었으나 성별 간에는 세 부정교합군 모두에서 차이를 보여 남자는 $7.47{\pm}2.40^{\circ}$, 여자는 $8.93{\pm}2.72^{\circ}$ 였다. 2. SN 평면 또는 FH 평면과 Mandibular Plane이 이루는 각은 모든 부정교합군에서 여자가 남자보다 컸으며, 골격성 II급 부정교합군과 III급 부정교합군이 I급 부정교합군보다 큰 각도를 나타내었다. 3. FH평면과 Palatal Plane이 이루는 각은 부정교합군 및 성별에 따른 차이를 보이지 않고 비교적 일정하였다. 4. Gonial angle은 남녀 모두 III급 부정교합군이 다른 두 부정교합군보다 큰 각도를 보였다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.205-214
• /
• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between mandibular midline shift and anteroposterior first molar occlusal relation, and their effects on the mandibular height and the occlusal plane angle. For this study, 49 patients with temporomandibular disorders were selected. They did not show facial asymmetry and their facial midline coincide with maxillary dental midline. Upper and lower mandibular impression were taken and the casts were fabricated. Amount and direction of the mandibular midline shift and the anteroposterior shift between the two occluding first molars were measured on the casts. Several items related to height such as mandibular height from top of the articular surface of the condyle to curve changing point between antegonial notch and mandibular angle, condylar height which was the vertical distance from the articular surface to retroepicondyle of the condyle, and sigmoid height from the deepest point of sigmoid notch to the curve changing point and the occlusal plane angle were also measured on the panoramic and on the transcranial radiographs. Correlation between midline shift and anteroposterior first molar relation and comparison between right and left mandibular height by the midline shift and the first molar relation were analysed by SPSS windows program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Mean amount of midline shift in the subjects with midline shift were 2.0mm for both side, respectively. The first molar relation of the ipsilateral side of midline shift showed Angle class II tendency and the contralateral side showed Angle class III tendency, which meant drift of the dentition to the side of the midline shift. 2. The occlusal plane angle on the panoramic radiograph were $13.0^{\circ}$ in right, and $12.5^{\circ}$ in left side, and their were no correlation between occlusal plane angle and mandibular midline shift and the first molar occlusal relation. 3. Angle's classification for both sides of the first molar relation were same in about half of all the subjects. Amount of deviation from class I first molar relation, however, were decreased in the contralateral side of observed side. 4. Mandibular height of the ipsilateral side to which mandibular midline shift showed tendency of lower than that of the contralateral side, and there was a tendency that the height was higher in class III subjects, then class II subjects, and lower in class I subjects. However, condylar height did not show any difference in the subjects with midline shift and also show no difference by the first molar occlusal relation.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제51권4호
• /
• pp.250-259
• /
• 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the differences in mandibular posterior anatomic limit (MPAL) distances stratified by vertical patterns in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT images of 48 patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion (mean age, 22.8 ± 3.1 years) categorized according to the vertical patterns (hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent; n = 16 per group) were analyzed. While parallel to the posterior occlusal line, the shortest linear distances from the distal root of the mandibular second molar to the inner cortex of the mandibular body were measured at depths of 4, 6, and 8 mm from the cementoenamel junction. MPAL distances were compared between the three groups, and their correlations were analyzed. Results: The mean ages, sex distribution, asymmetry, and crowding in the three groups showed no significant differences. MPAL distance was significantly longer in male (3.8 ± 2.6 mm) than in female (1.8 ± 1.2 mm) at the 8-mm root level. At all root levels, MPAL distances were significantly different in the hypodivergent and hyperdivergent groups (p < 0.001) and between the normodivergent and hyperdivergent groups (p < 0.01). MPAL distances were the shortest in the hyperdivergent group. The mandibular plane angle highly correlated with MPAL distances at all root levels (p < 0.01). Conclusions: MPAL distances were the shortest in patients with hyperdivergent patterns and showed a decreasing tendency as the mandibular plane angle increased. MPAL distances were significantly shorter (~3.16 mm) at the 8-mm root level.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.341-358
• /
• 1993

This study was investigated to evaluate the morphologic characteristics of deepbite tendency as multiple factors. The subjects consisted of 60 control subjects(male 25, female 35) and 137 deephite patients(68 male, 69 female). The deepbite group was composed of 4 subgroups(Class I 44, Class II div. 1 40, Class II div. 2 13, Class III 40). The mean age was 21.57 year for the control group 21 year for deepbite group lateral cephalograph in centric occlusion were taken, traced, and digitized for each subject. The statistically computerized analysis was carried out with SAS program. The results were as follows ; 1. In deepbite group, saddle angle is lesser than that of normal group. 2. The vertical dysplasia is prominent on anterior lower face and is closely related with mandibular form and inclination. 3. Without consideration of sagittal relationship, the dental factors such as curve of Spee, interincisal angle, U1 to upper lip length were prominent in the deepbite group. 4. Although there were individual variances in the perioral soft tissue profile, the lip presented more protruded pattern. 5. There was no significant difference in hyoid bone position and inclination between normal and deepbite group. 6. The multivariate discriminant analysis between normal and Class I deepbite group showed that curve of Spee, AB-MP angle, interincisal angle, articular agnle were critical in the determination of deepbite as multiple factors.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.39-65
• /
• 1979

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of irregularities of teeth in various malocclusion groups. The subjects consist of 803 out-patients (355 males, and 448 females) in department of Orthodontics of S.N.U. Hospital, Yonsei University, and Kyunghi University Hospital. The results were as follows. 1. The proportions of subjects on the basis of Angle's Classification were 39.2% (42.2% male, and 57.8% fomale) in class I malocclusion, 29.0% (44.6% male, and 55.4% female) in class II. div. 1., 3.5%(46.4% male, and 53.6% female) in class II. div. 2., 28.3%(46.3% male, and 53.7% female) in class III. 2. Considering all the subjects, the percentage of teeth crowding was 67.8% (45.0% male, and 55.0% female). In class I malocclusion, the percentage of Crowding was 70.8%(43.5% male, and 56.5% female) with higher frequency in upper anterior teeth than in lower anterior. 3. The percentage of Maxillary anterior diastema was 25.6% (45.6% male, and 54.4% female) on the whole. In class II. div. 1. malocclusion, the percentage was 28.8% (46.3% male, and 53.7% female) and in class III, the percentage was 19.8% (46.7% male, and 53.3% female). Thus, frequency of maxillary anterior distema, was comparatively higher in class II. div. 1. than in class III. 4. The percentage of high canine was 25.1% (53.2% male, and 46.8% female) on the whole, and was 86.0% male and 76.6% female in right side, 73.0% male and 72.3% female in left side. In calss II. div. 2., the percentage was 53.6% (46.7% male, and 53.3% female ). In class II. div. 1., the percentage was 16.7% (46.2% male, and 53.8%) with higher frequency in class II. div.2. 5. The percentage of deep overbite was 23.0% (43. 2% male, and 56.8% female) on the whole. Ia class 11. div. 2., and in clas sll. div. 1., its were 89.3%(48.0% male and 52.0% female), 54.5% (40.9% male, and 59.1% female) respectively. This result can be considered as one of the characterics of Angle's class 11 malocclusion group. 6. The percentage of spacing was 23.0% (36.8% male, and 63.2% female) on the whole, In class II. div. 1., and in class II. div. 2., its were 26.1% (44.3% male, and 55. 7% female), 7.1% (50.0% male, and 50.0% female) respectively. 7. The percentage of open bite was 14.3% (42.6% male, and 57.4% female) on the whole with higher rate on the anterior part. It rated 17.6%(50. 0% male, and 50.0% female) in class III, but none in class II. div. 2. 8. The percentage of crossbite was 22.5% (55.8% male, and 44.2% female) on the whole, with higher frequency on the anterior part than on the posterior part. In Angle's class III, it rated as much as 55.1% (57.6% male, and 42.4% female). 9. The percentage of edge-to-edge bite was 20.4% (47.6% male, and 52.4% female) with higher frequency on anterior part than on posterior part. 10. The percentage of irregularities of teeth in various malocclusion groups, was 21.5% (24.8% maxillary, and 18.1% mandible) in crowding, 20.8% (23.5% maxillary, and 18.0% mandible) in rotation, 10.7% (10.6% maxillary, and 10.8% mandible) in cross bite, 9.5% (11.8% maxillary, and 7.3% mandible) in spacing, 8.5% (8.5% maxillary, and 8.5% mandible) in edge-to-edge bite, 8.1% (8.3% maxillary, 7.8% mandible) in open bite. Crowding teeth, spacing teeth, and rotating teeh were more prevalent in anterior part than in posterior part. Cross bite teeth and edge-to-edge bite teeth were more prevalent in class III malocclusion than in another.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 1983

The author used cephalometric roentgenogram to observe the longitudinal change by orthodontic treatment for early class III malocclusion in primary and mixed dentition. First, the cephalometric roentgenograms were measured and following results were obtained 1. SNA, SNB, ANB, Gonial angle, and SN to mandibular plane were measured as skeletal pattern and $\underline{1}$ to SN. $\overline{1}$ to mandibular plane and interincisal angle were measured as denture pattern. 2. Angular measurements for the Class III malocclusion were compared with those for the normal occlusion of the same Hellman dental age.

• 대한치과의사협회지
• /
• 제16권4호통권107호
• /
• pp.273-278
• /
• 1978

A girl aged 16 years and I month, had a severe Angle's class III malocclusion, characterized by a retarded and constricted maxilla, anterior and posterior crossbite. This patient underwent extraction of two lower Ist premolar. After extraction, author placed multibanded system in lower dental arch to change the long axis of anterior teeth and delivered removable appliance with Coffin spring in the upper dental arch to expand dental arch. After 13 months, anterior & posterior crossbite was corrected and this patient's profile was improved. Superimposition of pretreatment and posttreatment cephalograms upon the SN line registered at S showed backward downward rotation of the mandible and retrusion of lower lip.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.175-187
• /
• 1998

본 연구는 치료후 빈번한 재발로 인해 치료에 어려움을 겪는 III급 부정교합의 치료후 예후를 예측하는 데 도움을 주고자, 교정치료후 관찰기간동안 측모와 교합이 양호한 상태로 유지된 안정군(Stable group, n=12)과 그렇지 않고 재발의 경향을 보인 재발군(Relapse group, n=13)으로 나누고, 초진시 계측항목을 이용한 t-test, 상관분석 그리고 판별분석을 시행한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 상하악골의 전후방적인 위치와 관계를 나타내는 항목인 SNA, SNB, ANB, Angle of convexity 그리고 APDI에서 두 군간 통계학적으로 유의성 있는 차이를 보여주지 않아(p>0.05) 두 군간 전후방적 인 골격 형태에 있어서는 차이가 나지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 2. 교합평면의 경사도와 관련된 항목인 Wits, AB to Occlusal plane angle 그리고 Occlusal plane to Mandibular Plane angle에서 두 군간 통계학적으로 유의성 있는 차이를 보여(p<0.05)재발군의 교합평면이 안정군에 비해 전하방으로 많이 경사져 있음을 알 수 있었다. 3. 상하치열관계를 나타내는 항목인 Overjet에서 안정군이 재발군에 비해 절대치로 더 커(p<0.01) 전후방 골격부조화에 의한 것이 아닐 경우 치열의 전후방부조화가 클수록 치료후 예후가 좋음을 알 수 있었다. 4. 상관분석결과 Overjet과 Occlusal plane to Mandibular plane angle만이 통계학적으로 유의성 있는 상관관계를 보여 주었다(p<0.001, p<0.01). 5. 판별에 기여도가 높은 3항목 즉 Overjet, AB to Occlusal paine angle 그리고 Articular angle을 이용한 판별식을 도출하였으며, 이를 이용할 때 본 연구에 사용한 표본의 88%를 올바르게 판별할 수 있었다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.197-211
• /
• 2007

With the development of orthodontics and increasing concerns on physical appearance, the number of patients has been steadily increasing. It is quite important not only to make effective cure plans and accurate diagnoses but also to have a thorough grasp of patients' malocclusion types and their occurrence frequency, in addition to patients' personality in order to cure the patients appropriately. This study is based on 946 malocclusion patients who had visited Chong-A Dental Hospital from 1999 to 2004 and investigated their aspects of malocclusion and characteristics of their gender, age and residence. The results are as follows. 1. The number of patients per year had been decreased until 2001, after which year the number had fluctuated. The number was the largest in 1999, 169 and the smallest in 2001, 140. Female occupied 68.0% of the total, twice as many as male, 32.0%) 2. Based on the Angle's classification, 19 or over year - old group was the largest of the total, 59.3% and 6 or younger year - old group, the smallest, 0.5%. The 19 or over year old group was less than a half of the total (47.4%) in 2003 and there were no patients who belonged to the 6 or younger year - old group in 2003 and 2004. 3. Distributions on the types of malocclusion have shown that 39.9 % of the total are in the Class I, the largest, 31.0% in the Class I and 29.2 in the Class II, the smallest. 1) The number of the ClassI was 73, the largest, that of the Class III being 35, the smallest in 1999. On the whole, the number of the Class I accounted for the largest part of the total. 2) The number of male patients in the Class II was the smallest, generally being the largest in the Class I. In case of female, that of the Class III was the smallest. 3) Based on the age, the Class I was the highest in between 7 and 13 age group, the Class III the lowest. The Class I occupied the largest around 40%. 4) In the shape of physiognomy, the meso occupied the largest part among all the Class, of which the Class II was the highest, 64.2%. The bracy was the largest in the Class I, and the dolicho in the Class III. 5) In the profile, the convex shape was the largest in the Class I and II, and especially in the Class II, over 3/4 of the total, 75.4%. In contrast, the direct shape was the largest in the Class III and the sunken shape occupied 33.3%, which was nearly ten times more than the case of the Class I and III. 6) In the asymmetry of physiognomy, the number of patients of the Class IIIwas the largest, 34.1% and that of the Class II, the smallest, 19.5%. It was found that about one fourth of the malocclusion patients were under the asymmetry of physiognomy. 4. In the distribution of patients' residence, 81.4% were from the Seoul Metropolis and 48.2% from Gangnam-Gu where Chong-A Dental Hospital is located and Seocho-Gu and Songpa-Gu which are adjacent to Gangnam-Gu.