• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.47-62
• /
• 1991

Yellow Sand Phenomena was observed from April 8 th to 10 th in 1990. During this period particle was collected to investigate the chacteristics of chemical composition of particulate by High Volume Air Sampler and Andersen Air Sa~npler in Seoul. During this period the particle concentration was 350 yg/$m^3$ and the anions, cations, and metal concentrations were increased and the orders of these were $S0_4\;^{-2}>N0_3\;^->Cl^->F^-, Na^+>Ca^{+2}>NH_4\;^+>Mg^{2+}>K^+$, and Fe>Al>Si>Zn>Pb respectively. The principal source of Yellow Sand were identified soil and sea salt. Mn used by the trace element of soil, the persentage of contribution from soil was calculated to be about 81.3% for the particle increased by Yellow Sand Phenomena. Also the principal chemical compounds of particle were estimate metals(Fe, Al, Si, Zn) oxides, $CaSO_4, NaSO_4, MgSO_4, NaC1, MgCl_2$ and $(NH_4)_2SO_4$.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 1987

Rubber particles emitted from automobile tire tread by abrasion were collected by Andersen sampler with atmospheric dusts. The samples of atmospheric dusts at each stage were analysed for rubber particles by Curie point pyrolysis-gas chromatography with Apiezon grease L column. Pyrolysis was done at 740$^circ$C for 5 seconds. In the pyrogram, NR rubber (bus and truck tire tread) was determined by isoprene peak, and SBR rubber (passenger car tire tread) was determined by styrene peak simultaneously. The size distribution of rubber particles was proportioned with the size of rubber particles. The concentrations of NR and SBR rubber were 0.23 $\mug/m^3$ and 1.31 $\mug/m^3$, respectively, in the atmospheric dusts which were collected from the street in front of Yonsei University on April 1986. The ratio of tire tread rubber in the atmospheric dusts was about 0.63%.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.323-328
• /
• 1986

This paper describes on the distribution of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in various size of atmospheric particulate matter (A.P.M.). A.P.M. in Seoul city were collected on guartz fiber filter according to particle size using an Andersen high volume air sampler from Feb. 1983 to March 1984. And 7 PAHs [benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(ghi)perylene, benzo(e) pyrene, perylene, chrysene, and pyrene] were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The concentration of A.P.M. showed spring-winter maxima and summer-autumn minia. The A.P.M. was lowest in the concentration at the 1.1~3.3$\mu\textrm{m}$ particulates, and the concentration increased as the particle size increased or decreased. But the concentrations of PAHs increased with the decrease in the particle size, and were predominant in winter. The correlations among the PAHs were high. And there fore, benzo(a)pyrene concentration could be considered as the representive of PAHs.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.214-218
• /
• 1989

Atmospheric particulate matters (A. P. M. ) were collected on quartz-fiber filters from March 1985 to May 1986, using the Andersen high-volume air sampler and contents of six heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb Ni) in the A. P. M. were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. These heavy metals were divided into the three groups with respect to their particle size distribution. Fe and Mn were mainly associated with coarse particles (diameter > 2.0 $\mu$m), but Pb and Ni were related fine particles (diameter < 2.0 $\mu$m). Cu and Zn had mized size distributions in both of them. In the seasonal variation of heavy metals, the contents of Fe and Mn in spring and Ni and Pb in winter were higher than any other season. There were high mutual correlation between Fe and Mn coarse particles, and between Pb and Ni in fine particles.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국대기환경학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.251-253
• /
• 2000

본 연구는 대전 1,2 공단 지역을 대상으로 발암 금속 6종(As Be, Cd, Cr, Ni 및 Pb)을 포함한 15종의 독성 금속을 선정하여 유도결합 플라스마 분광법(ICP-MS)을 이용하여 3년간 분석하고 이 농도 자료에 근거하여 각 금속의 확률론적 농도를 평가하고자 한다. 대기중 부유분진은 대전시 대화동(대전 1,2 공단내 대화동 동사무소 건물 옥상)에 high-volume air sampler(Graseby Andersen : SAUB-10H Model, USA)를 약 0.85$\textrm{m}^3$/min으로 운전하여 시료당 공기량이 약 1,200 $\textrm{m}^3$가 유지되도록 포집하였다. (중략)

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 1990

During the period from Mar. 1985 to Feb. 1988, airborne particulate matters were collected and size fractionated by the ANdersen high volume air sampler in Seoul. The concentrations of several heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) and benzo(a)pyrene were determined to investigate the size distributions and seasonal variations. And with respect to seven components in the total suspended particulate (TSP), the factor analysis was performed for three groups such as the coarse particles (> 2 $\mu$m), fine particles (< $\mu$m) and TSP. As a result of factor analysis by using the varimax method, the chemical components in the TSP were able to characterize with two principal factors. The first factor, F1 was considered to be a factor indicating the contribution of natural sources and the second factor, F2 was a factor indicating the degree of artificial sources. Each components in the TSP was divided into two main groups of components originated from soil and/or road dust and pollutants originated from automobiles and/or human work.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.130-136
• /
• 1994

Concentration of volatile particulate nitrate(NH$_4$NO$_3$) in TSP in ambient air was determined from Feb. to Oct 1993. Sampling was carried out using a two-stage Andersen air sampler at the top of a five-story building located at Kon- Kuk University in Seoul Concentration of NH$_4$NO$_3$ in TSP was measured by Pyrolysis of sample filters at 16$0^{\circ}C$ for 1hr. Concentration of NH$_4$NO$_3$ was higher in winter time compared with that in summer time. Also, concentration of NH$_4$NO$_3$ was higher in fine particles compared with that in coarse particle. The range of NH$_4$NO$_3$concentration was between 2.99 and 9.86 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥. Weight fraction of NH$_4$NO$_3$ in total particulate nitrate was 31.1~59.5%, and weight fraction of NH$_4$NO$_3$ in YSP was 2.1~11.2%.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 1986

Atmospheric particulate matter (A. P. M.) was collected and size-fractionated by an Andersen high-volume air sampler over 15 month period from Jan. 1985 to Feb. 1986 in Seoul. The concentration of chloride, nitrate and sulfate were extracted in an ultrasonic bath and were analyzed by ion chromatography. The annual arithmetical mean of A. P. M. was 128.54 $\mug/m^3$. The concentration of anions were 2.88 $\mug/m^3$ for chloride, 3.86$\mug/m^3$ for nitrate, and 25.44$\mug/m^3$ for sulfate. The content of A. P. M. was lowest in the particle size range 1.1 $\sim 3.3\mum$ and increased as the particle size increased or decreased. And the anions exhibited a seasonal variation in the isize distribution. The contents of anions were higher in winter than summer. Ther ratio of fine particles to the total particles defined by F/T for chloride, nitrate and sulfate. The F\ulcornerT of these anion generally decrease with increasing air temperature. This tendency was prevalent in the chloride and nitrate.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.387-397
• /
• 2005

In oder to understand the deposition possibility of water-soluble inorganic ions in the atmospheric fine particulates for the human respiratory tract, the mass size distribution of ion species was measured using an Anderson sampler in the Iksan during fall, 2004. Samples were analyzed for major water-soluble ions using Dionex DX-100 ion chromatograph. The size distribution of water-soluble inorganic ions in the atmospheric particulates appeared bimodal distribution, which were divided around $1-2{\mu}m$ into two groups. Mass site distribution of total ion in the coarse mode was found to be almost similar level during the sampling period, but fluctuations of mass size distribution in the fine mode were observed. Considering the mass size distribution of total ion concentrations for the respiratory deposition region, it was found that about 77.1% of total tons could be deposited in the alveolar region, and which dominated the daily variation of total ion concentrations. The concentration of total ions, which could be deposited in both the head region and the tracheobronchial region, was $3.95{\mu}g/m^3$, whereas that in the alveolar rerion was $13.28{\mu}g/m^3$. Dominant ions which could be deposited in the alveolar region were ${NO_3}{^-},\;{SO_4}^{2-}\;and\;{NH_4{^+}$, accounting for about 40%, 27% and 22% of the total ions, respectively. Although $K^+$ was approximately 3% of total ions, it was shown that most of this could be deposited in the alveolar region due to its high fraction of small size distribution originated from anthropogenic source of biomass burning. The presence of these ions in the fine mode may be of public health significance as they are very biologically harmful to health and have a high probability of being deposited in human lung tissue.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.42-51
• /
• 2009

Saturated n-dicarboxylic acids ($C_2-C_7$, $C_9$), unsaturated dicarboxylic acids (maleic, fumaric, phthalic acid), ketocarboxylic acids (pyruvic, glyoxylic acid), and dicarbonyls (glyoxal, methylglyoxal) were determined in size-segregated samples with a high-volume Andersen air sampler at a suburban site in Saitama, Japan, May 12-17 and July 24-27, 2007 and January 22-31, 2008. The seasonal average concentrations of these detected organic acids were 670 $ng/m^3$, accounting for about 4.4-5.7% (C/C) of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and 2.3-3.6% (C/C) of organic carbon (OC). The most abundant species of dicarboxylic acids was oxalic acid, followed by malonic, phthalic, or succinic acids. Glyoxylic acid and methyglyoxal were most abundant ketocarboxylic acid and dicarbonyl, respectively. Seasonal differences, size-segregated concentrations, and the correlations of these acids with ambient temperatures, oxidants, elemental carbon (EC), OC, WSOC, and ionic components were also discussed in terms of their corresponding sources and possible secondary formation pathways. The results suggested that photochemical reactions contributed more to the formation of particulate organic acids in Saitama suburban areas than did direct emissions from anthropogenic and natural sources. However, direct emissions of vehicles were also important sources of several organic acids in particles, such as phthalic and adipic acids, especially in winter.