• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2015

The era of globalization has ushered in dramatic changes in the past decade covering a wide range of distinct political, economic and cultural trends whereby people adapt their houses to suit their needs and desires. This paper discusses the process of change analytically, emphasizing the importance of understanding the transformation of Lao traditional houses and its impact factors to the transformation and adaptation to suit with globalization trend, and conservation of the characteristics of traditional houses. This study takes place in Luangprabang, an ancient city of Lao PDR, which was designated as a world heritage city in 1995 as it is rich with diverse, tangible and intangible values. Five cases of traditional house in Luangprabang are examined to understand their transformation through time, by analyzing the basic spatial formation, components and elements, especially to find out the impact factors to such transformation. The study revealed that the transformation of the traditional house is subject to not just one single factor, but to a number of factors, where globalization, regulation, economy, and social aspect factors play a prime role and are the root for all these changes. The case study also indicates that these changes are connected to the benefits of income generation as a survival strategy for the low and middle-income people in Luangprabang as well as the housing demands. In the transition period a new residential type appeared accordingly, in which living spaces were categorized according to their general functions. There was a harmony between people's needs and the physical characteristics of the house.

• 보존과학연구
• /
• 통권25호
• /
• pp.197-226
• /
• 2004

This study was made to identify species of archaeological wood products excavated from three sites(Kwunbuk-ni, Gungnamgi, Wanggung-ni) of Sabi Era, Baekje. These sitesare presumably considered as capital areas of Sabi Era, Baekje. Total of 220 specimens were identified into five softwoods and eighteen hardwoods. Pinus densiflora(or Pinusthunbergii) and Quercus spp. are the most common and occupied 32%, 28% of totalspecimen, respectively. The others are follows : Torreya nucifera(1%), Abiesholophylla(3%), Cryptomeria japonica(4%), Thuja spp.(2%), Chamaecyparisobutusa(2%), Salix spp.(1%), Platycarya strobilacea (3%), Alnus spp.(1%), Carpinusspp.(0.5%), Castanea crenata(9%), Zelkova serrata (6%), Celtis spp.(0.5%), Prunusspp.(2%), Rhus verniciflua(1%), Rhus trichocarpa(0.5%), Meliosma oldhamii(1%),Hovenia dulcis(1%), Kalopanax pictus(0.5%), Cornus walteri(0.5%), Styrax japonica(1%),Fraxinus rhynchophylla (0.5%), F. sieboldiana(1%).Most of the identified species have been growing in this area until nowadays. However,a few species(Cryptomeria japonica, Thuja spp. Chamaecyparis obutusa, Torreyanucifera) didn’t grow natively around this area at that time. Two species(Cryptomeriajaponica, Chamaecyparis obutusa) are endemic species of Japan, indicating international trade or exchange of woods between Baekje Kingdom and Japan in 6-7th century. Torreyanucifera grows in limited areas in Korea (south of $35^{\circ}$10′N), however, is widely distributed in the southern Japan. Quercus spp. was identified the most in implements of Baekje and Pinus densiflora(orPinus thunbergii) was in the second place. Zelkova serrata was mainly used for raw materials of turnery products, e.g., wooden container. This species produces one of the hardest woods as 0.7 in specific gravity. It indicates that iron technologies have reached some high level in Sabi Era, Beakje.

• 보존과학연구
• /
• 통권7호
• /
• pp.278-291
• /
• 1986

In this report the practical case of Viking ship's conservation in Denmarke specially among the Eurpoean nations is introduced. The contents of it are summarized as follows :From 1957 to 1962 the Danish National Museum Salvaged five Viking ships from the bottom of Roskilde Fjord, Which were composed of the pieces of timber whose surface was soft because they had lain on the sea bed for about a thousand years. Excavation had been carried out in the same way as in the field by driving down a sheet piling around the wrecks and pumping the water out. These pieces of the wreck ships were packed in airtight plastic bags one by one to be transported for Brede and then immidiately had to go through the treatment for conservation. The conservation treatment process for the pieces includes three steps ; the preliminary process prior to the hardening treatment, the hardening and the assemble of the ships. In the first step ; the preliminary process, all remains of mud and shells from the fjord bed are washed off, and measuring followed ; every single piece of wreckage was drawn so that the form and size of the piece, nail holes, and breaks were registered before conservation. In the second ; the hardening treatment step, the pieces of the woreckage were filled with P.E.G. This Polyethylene Glycol method was the best to handle in the subsequent mounting of the ships in the museum. In the final, the Glycol-treated pieces were pieced together to spips with support of a system of reinforcements. They were to fit in place after corrections of the form were made several times.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2016

Indigo (Polygonum tinctorium L.) is a typical blue dye which had been used from ancient times. This study was going to shade the complicated traditional methods extracting indigo dye by the fermentation and producing as adsorbate on calcium hydroxide, which says so called as the 'Indigo lime'. Accordingly we were going to make indigo through the hydrolysis of the hot water extractives of indigo leaves simply. During hot-water extraction, ${\beta}$-glucosidase which required hydrolysis of the linkage between indigo and glucose was not activated. To achieve this goal, indican was acid-hydrolyzed to glucose and indigo. The acetic acid, citric acid, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid were used for the hydrolysis of hot water extractives. The hydrolysis conditions of extractives performed in water bath at $80^{\circ}C$ for 120 minutes and in an autoclave for 120 minutes. In the acid hydrolysis of extracted indican by hot water, the indican yields of acetic acid and hydrochloric acid hydrolysis were higher than sulfuric acid in water bath. Also, the indican yield of hydrochloric acid hydrolysis was better than sulfuric acid in autoclave. The hot water extracted indican was confirmed by HPLC analysis and its structure was confirmed by UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, compared with isolated indigo and commercial synthesized indigo. This improved extraction and hydrolysis methods can be replace the traditional indigo making method.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제18권9호
• /
• pp.240-247
• /
• 2018

본 논문에서는 관음 설화에 등장하는 33관음을 일반인의 기원에 따라 시각화하는 디지털 콘텐츠로 구현한다. 33관음은 유형문화재인 삼국유사의 관음 설화와 일반 사찰의 벽화에서도 쉽게 찾아볼 수 있다. 33관음은 일반인의 기원에 따라 33가지 모습으로 변신하고 자비를 베푸는 보살로서, 변화된 모습에 따른 다양한 관음 설화가 민간에 전래되어 확산되었다. 본 논문에서는 33가지 관음을 일반인들의 기원에 따라 치유, 안심, 학업성취, 재난 구호의 4가지 기원으로 분류하고, 각 관음에 대한 상징성과 활동성을 분석한다. 또한 일반인들의 사용 용이성을 지원하기 위한 2차원 디지털 콘텐츠를 제작한다. 응용 분야로는 전통문화 캐릭터 개발, 전통문화의 디지털 스토리텔링, 불교의 교리 교육, 게임 등 불교문화에 대한 서비스 등에 활용할 수 있다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 2007

As the world has been forming the global village and the cultures of each country are exchanged, the unique cultural specialty of each country high been merged with the generality in the world. The increasing interest on the oriental world and the globalization recently brings the fusion form of oriental and occidental cultures. In such a global trend, it is our challenge to find out the traditional beauty and the design factors of Korea for the new challenge and development of Korean fashion and to develop the most Korean and global design by interpreting them in a modem sense. It is the Era of the Three States when an of official hat among the personal ornaments of Korea was firstly described on the literature, including the literature of ancient China and Chronicles of Three States and Heritage of Three States of Korea. Those literatures clarified that the people in Goguryeo Baekje, Silla and Gaya decorated themselves with gold, silver and jade. Furthermore, since various kinds of ornaments have been excavated, they shown the development of metal craft in the Era of Three States. This study aim to exploit the design motives among the gold crown elements among the ornaments during the Era of Three States, interpret them in a modem expression, develop the textile design using the Adobe photoshop and suggest the application approaches by applying them to the clothing design.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.7-20
• /
• 2007

A bridge is a space used as a passage. This space should be functional, solid, and beautiful. Since the beginning of human life, bridge architecture has given importance to function as a connection from one place to another. Stepping stones in the stream were the connections between divided spaces in the agricultural life, the bridge on the entrances of a town was the place for separation, expectation, and communication for people gathering around the community. Southern Chinese provinces such as Zhejiang, Hunan, Yunnan, and Guizhon is famous for it's spectacular scenary, and tribes like the 'Miao' and 'Dong' live in a cooperate community. The 'Dong' tribe is one of the 'Yue' genealogy where the people have settled down in this place in the days of 'Qin Shi Huang(Qin dynasty)'. As the population of the 'Dong' tribe growed, they used a bridge to connect town to town. The scale became larger with additional design, giving splendid achievement to bridge architecture. The 'Fungyu bridge' in Tongdao and 'Chungyang bridge' in Sanjiang are some fine examples. The Fungyu bridge could be defined as a bridge which blocks wind and rain, this has the same function as the lounge bridge in Taishun located in southern Zhejiang province. In Taishun, 5 minority races such as the 'Dong' and 'Miao' people have been living together as a clan society for centuries on mountains as high as 1000m following their own tradition. The 'Xiliu river' flowing thorough has a variety of bridges remaining in it's original form, and it is recently known as a museum of ancient bridges. The formation of the bridges in Tongdao and Taishun shows that it is different with the arch and straight bridges remaining in Korea. In this study, it is readjusting the base data, showing plan characteristics and describing the construction of the wooden structure above the bridge post.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘텐츠학회 2005년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.285-288
• /
• 2005

움직임이 고대와 현대, 원시와 문명의 차이를 초월하여 모든 인간에 보편적인 것이라면 움직임 motion prototype을 탐구하는 일도 필요하며 다양한 사회 및 문화 현상에 보편적 해석의 모듈_원리를 발견할 수 있을 것이다. 움직임의 연구는 애니메이션과 캐릭터의 보편적 동작연구에 바탕이 되는 아주 중요한 분야로서 지속적인 연구가 필요한 것도 이 때문이다. 고구려 고분벽화는 우리 민족의 유구한 역사에 관한 산증거이며 우리 민족의 역사적 정체성과 자긍심의 상징이다. 고구려는 우리의 역사이다. 이는 그 누구도 부정할 수 없으며 고구려 고분벽화는 철두철미하게 한국적인 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서 해명(解明)한 고구려 고분벽화는 한국적 영상애니메이션의 역사(歷史)이자 시원(始原)이며 분석 복원한 motion prototype은 황금비를 지닌 한국적 움직임의 모듈인 것이다.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.190-198
• /
• 2013

호박은 오래전부터 장식품, 공예품, 부장품 등으로 사용되어 매장문화재 형태로 발굴되고 있다. 발굴 당시 호박은 풍화가 많이 진행되어 표면의 균열, 박락 등이 관찰된다. 풍화에 따른 호박의 성분 변화를 파악하는 것은 보존상태를 진단하고, 적절한 보존방법을 적용하는데 있어 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 열분해/GC/MS로 호박의 열분해 산물을 분석하여 호박을 구성하는 성분을 찾고자 하였다. 또한, 열과 산소가 있는 조건에서 60일 동안 인공열화하여 호박의 열분해 산물의 구성비가 변화하는 것을 관찰하였다. 실험결과 호박의 주요 열분해 산물로 abietic acid가 검출되었고, monoterpene류, alkene류, aromatic hydrocarbon류가 검출되었다. 주요한 23개의 성분에 대해 열화에 따른 상대적인 면적비를 비교하여 열화에 따른 경향성을 파악하였다. 주성분인 abietic acid는 산소와 열이 있는 조건에서 급격하게 감소하였지만, 열만 있는 조건에서는 변화가 크지 않은 것으로 보아 산소가 호박의 열화에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 판단된다. 실제 풍화된 호박 원석의 표면에 대해 열화실험 결과를 적용하여 열화상태를 파악하는 시도도 하였다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
• /
• 제52권2호
• /
• pp.196-219
• /
• 2019

"삼국유사(三國遺事)"에 의하면 황룡사 구층목탑은 백제의 장인 아비지(阿非知)에 의해 선덕여왕 13년(645)에 건립된 것으로 전한다. 이후 고려 고종 25년(1238) 몽고군의 침략으로 사찰이 완전히 불타버리기 전까지 약 700년 동안 당시대인의 정신문화 속에서 최고의 자리를 차지하는 상징이자 호국불교의 구심체로서 존재하였다. 그동안 많은 연구자들이 문헌기록과 발굴조사 자료를 근거로 황룡사 창건 목탑에 대한 구조와 전체적인 형태에 대한 다양한 복원안을 제시해왔다. 하지만 그들이 제시한 황룡사 목탑의 모습은 기본적으로 현재 남아 있는 목탑지의 외형적인 형태와 단순한 목구조를 가정한 사각구층의 형태였다. 이는 관련 자료의 부족과 제한된 지식으로 인해 황룡사 창건 목탑의 기술적 계보에 대한 충분한 인식이 부족한 시기에 이루어진 것이어서 새로운 자료의 발견과 고대 대형 불탑의 구조 체계에 대한 인식 정도에 따라 충분히 수정될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다. 본고에서는 2005년부터 진행된 <황룡사 복원 연구>를 통해 정리된 목탑지에 대한 재분석 자료를 근거로 동아시아 고대 불탑의 구조 체계에 대한 폭넓은 이해 속에서 황룡사 창건 목탑의 계보와 구조에 대한 새로운 인식이 필요함을 제안해보고자 한다. 황룡사 창건 목탑은 통일신라와 고려시대에 걸쳐 적어도 두 번의 큰 중창을 겪는 동안 기단의 규모와 평면 형식 등이 변화된 것으로 추정되며, 이에 따라 상부 구조에도 큰 변화가 있었을 것으로 파악된다. 발굴조사 결과 드러난 유구에서 삼국시대에 만들어진 것으로 전하는 구층목탑과 관련된 흔적은 현재 판축으로 조성된 기단토와 심초석 정도이며, 그외 초석과 기단 석재 등 대부분은 9세기 이후의 것일 가능성이 높다. 따라서 황룡사 창건 목탑의 실질적인 구조는 당시 동아시아 대형 불탑의 변화과정 속에서 이해하여야 하며, 기술적 계보는 북조의 영향을 받은 백제의 대형 불탑에서 찾아야 할 것이다. 나아가 남산 탑곡 마애조상군에 표현된 9층 마애탑의 모습과 황룡사지 강당지에서 출토된 금동제 불탑 난간편 분석을 통하여 파악된 고고자료를 근거로 황룡사 창건 목탑의 이미지를 추정해본다면 외형상으로뿐만 아니라 구조적으로도 지금까지 우리가 인식하고 있던 순수한 목구조를 한 사각구층탑과는 다른 형태로 파악되는데, 아마도 실심체를 갖춘 이원 구조의 팔각구층탑일 것으로 파악된다.