• Educational Technology International
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.93-122
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• 2018

It is crucial to understand the characteristics of learner questioning due to the effects it has on learning. This study focuses on the effects of middle school students questioning on their academic achievement in an online inquiry learning environment. A survey of 827 middle school students was conducted; the students took part in an online math and science program offered by a center for the gifted. Throughout the survey, learner questioning was analyzed, and its correlation with academic achievement was investigated. An analysis was based on questioning categories of a low- and high-level questions from previous studies. Through the survey, it was found that the number of learner questions asked in the online environment was small, but the number of low- and high-level questions were almost equal. Secondly, the higher the academic achievement level of the student, the higher the possibility they would ask either low- or high-level questions. Lastly the group of students in both low- and high-levels of questioning earned the highest average scores on formative evaluations and inquiry tasks. This indicates that regardless of the level of questions, the act of questioning itself is highly related to the academic achievement. However, in the case of advanced learning projects, the quality of questioning and high-level questioning affected the academic achievement of students. Based on these results, implications for the encouragement of learner questioning and support for asking high-level question are suggested.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.267-278
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• 2013

Through quantitative analysis of two math classroom videos, combined with the relationship between types of teachers' questioning and students' answering, it is concluded the following problems are in the mathematics classroom teaching: (1) The time of teachers' questioning is longer, the number is too much, with managerial questions and prompting questions is given priority to; (2) Teachers' questioning time is longer than students' answering time, comprehensive answer is more, creative answer is little; (3) In the classroom questioning, students' participation is low; and (4) There is a significant correlation between types of teachers' questioning and length of waiting time after questions. In response to these phenomena, we propose strategies as follows: pursuit of timeliness of classroom questioning, reducing inefficient questions, to increase efficient questions, adopting different waiting strategies for different questioning types, to mobilize students' thinking activities, and improving students' participation etc.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.276-285
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the pattern and characteristics of elementary school teaching and learning processes in science based classes. The study participants' class was recorded in video and instructional conversation transcription. The pattern of the observed class was analyzed using the classification frame suggested by Mogan &Saxton(2006). In result, the questioning for elicit information was most frequent and questioning for shape understanding and the questioning for press for reflection in its priority. In result, the presence of elicited questioning for the attainment of knowledge and understanding is more prominent in science-based classrooms. It was revealed that the participating teachers used the questioning sentence pattern more frequently and the self-sustained inquiry that accelerates creative thinking of the student was lacking. It was discovered that teaching elicited questioning, which accelerates creative thinking, as well as fact confirmation pattern is a necessary element of training for teachers.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.193-214
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• 2016

교사의 질문은 학생들이 구체적인 반응과 함께 수학적 담론에 참여하도록 한다는 점에서 수학 교수-학습에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 교사의 질문에 관한 기존 연구들은 주로 맥락에 대한 고려 없이 질문을 인지적 수준에 따라 범주화하여 분석하였기에, 효과적인 수학적 담론을 구축하기 위해 교사가 어떻게 질문해야 하는지에 대해서는 크게 주목하지 못하였다. 이에 본 연구는 수학 교실에서 효과적인 수학적 담론을 구축하는 교사의 질문활동이 어떤 특성을 가지고 있어야 하는지를 탐색하고자 하였다. 수학적 담론 및 교사의 질문활동에 관한 선행연구 검토와 이론적 분석을 통해, 교사 질문활동의 특성으로서 개방성, 공유성, 생산성을 도출하였다. 중학교 수학교사 한 명의 수업 사례를 통해 효과적인 수학적 담론 구축을 위해 교사 질문활동의 세 가지 특성이 필요함을 확인하였다. 이론적 분석과 수업 사례 분석을 통해 확인한 결과를 바탕으로 개방성, 공유성, 생산성이 교사의 질문활동을 분석하기 위한 틀로써 유용할 수 있음을 논의하였다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.293-302
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• 2011

이 연구는 2년차 신임 교사의 사례 연구를 통해 수학수업에 대한 신임교사의 발문 유형의 특성을 분석하고 그에 따른 대안을 탐색하기 위한 것이다. 연구 결과, 확인을 위한 발문이 가장 많았으며(69%), 이해를 위한 발문(25%), 성찰을 위한 발문(6%) 순이었고, 창의성 신장을 위한 발문은 하지 않는 것을 알 수 있었다. 더불어 기존 연구를 바탕으로 신임교사의 발문과 관련된 대안적인 창의성 신장을 위한 발문을 제안해 보았다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.57-70
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• 2012

We investigated the perception and preferred type of question and analyzed type of questions asked by teachers in elementary science class to identify how teachers' perception of questioning is reflected in teaching practices. We collected the data from questionnaires, deep-interview and audiotaped four classes from grade 3 and six classes from grade 6. The data form deep-interview were analyzed interpretively and Blosser' framework of question was used to analyze questions which teachers used in classes. By interpretation of data from questionnaires, the teachers agreed that questioning affects science class in elementary school. There were a little differences in perceptions of questioning among three teachers. They preferred various types of question rather than a specific type. They didn't have a good understanding of questioning. The result showed that the teachers used frequently cognitive-memory question and convergent thinking question, which belonged to closed questions in their science classes. This didn't accord with their preferred types of question. The causes came from objectives of science instruction, degree of understanding about questioning, preference and confidence for science class. From this findings, we suggested that teachers should be given opportunities to take training courses in questioning in order to use effective questioning in science class.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.425-457
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• 2006

본 논문의 목적은 학습자 중심의 수학 수업에서에서의 교사의 발문에 대하여 분석을 하고 이런 발문이 학습자의 지식 구성에 어떤 영향을 주게 되는지를 알아보는데 있다. 이 연구를 위하여 의도된 학습자 중심의 초등학교의 나눗셈 관련 주제의 3차시수업을 계획하고 이 수업의 과정을 전사하여 수업 중에 나타나는 교사의 발문의 특성 및 학습자의 지식 구성에 주는 영향에 관하여 분석을 하였다. 연구의 결과 학습자 중심의 수학 수업에서의 교사의 발문은 학습자의 비형식적인 수학적 사고의 존중, 확산적 사고를 위한 열린 발문, 여러 단계의 집단에서의 활발한 토론을 위한 적절한 발문, 학급의 규범을 존중하는 발문을 하는 특성이 있었다. 수학 수업에서 교사의 발문은 학습자 중심의 수업에서 학습자의 수학적 사고력 촉진 및 수학에 대한 태도에도 영향을 주게 된다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the questioning styles of $3rd{\sim}6th$ elementary science textbooks in terms of frequency, type, and placement of questions. This paper also sought to analyse and compare the kinds of scientific inquiry processes elicited by the questions in the content domains of textbooks. The instrument used was the Textbook Questioning Strategies Assessment Instrument (TQSAI). The average number of questions per book was 129 and the ratio of questions to sentences was 31.9%. The results were summarized as followings. First, many science textbook questions were used for the purposes of explanation or identifying levels of teaming. Second, process skills were located in each content domain, although it was not affected meaningfully. Third, the number of text question was below 3 in each elementary science class. Therefore, an effective questioning development framework is clearly needed for elementary science instruction.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2012

This research analyzed elementary teacher's scientific questioning during science teaching. This research studied 4 elementary school teachers in Gyeongnam were observed and the classes were videotaped. all teacher's questioning and student's answering were transcribed. Teacher's questionings were categorized into 2 types such as simple questions and productive questions. The findings of the research were as following. First, in the teaching-learning activities of the science subject, teacher-student conversation was used 202 times on average, and questions asked by the teachers were 72 times on average. The teachers use productive questions more than simple questions. Second, in the type of simple questions, management questions were used the most, and the next were simple confirmation questions and rethink questions in order. Third, productive questions used by the teachers in the class were mostly the attention-focussing questions, but the type of higher level questions such as problem-posing questions, comparing questions, action questions and reasoning questions was rarely adopted.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.515-535
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• 2008

본 연구는 교육실습 프로그램 개발연구의 일환으로서 개발 프로그램에 참여한 예비교사의 발문을 양적 질적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 째, 실습과정을 통해 실습생의 교실담화에서 발문이 차지하는 비중이 증가하였다. 둘 째, 수업상황에서 제기하는 발문의 유형이 다양화면서 학생들에게 설명, 정당화 등과 같이 보다 고등수준의 수학적 사고에 몰입할 수 있는 기회를 제공하였다. 세 째, 재성을 동반하는 발문이 증가하였으며, 학생 개인을 대상으로 하는 발문과 학급 전체를 대상으로 하는 발문을 효과적으로 활용하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 위의 발문 유형에서의 변화 양상을 수업 수행 능력 개발 양상과 연결지어 설명하여 개발 프로그램이 예비교사의 수업 능력 개발에 기여하는 바와 사범대학 교육실습 개선에 대한 시사점을 논의하였다.