• The Mathematical Education
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.403-422
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• 2019

As the informal graph was introduced newly in the area of function in middle school mathematics curriculum revised in 2015, ten publishing company became to have a concern on how to represent the graph content uniquely and newly. At this time, it may be meaningful and useful to compare and analyze the content of the graph unit shown on each textbook published by publishing companies. To accomplish this, on fundamentally the basis of diverse prior researches this study tried to select the elements of expression and interpretation of the graph and establish an analytic frameworks of expression and interpretation of the graph respectively. This study executed the frequency analysis and cross analysis by textbook system, textbook, and the number of the graph drawn on a coordinate plane on the representation and interpretation of the graph. As a result, the textbook contains more items on interpretation than the representation of the graph, and students showed a learning effect on the graph unit but showed a neutral response to the impact of learning. This basic and essential paper shed light on developing the practical and more creative textbook which has diversity and characteristic respectively, while adjusting the scope of the elements of the graph's representations and interpretations and providing proper level and quality content.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.209-228
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is developed the Item Feature Analysis (IFA) frameworks for curriculum-based assessments, focusing on Math competency and representation in secondary schools and implemented the IFA in National Assessment of Educational Achievement. To conduct the study, previous studies were analyzed, and feasibility studies were conducted twice. As a result of the study, we structured the IFA framework based on the 2015 revised mathematics curriculum in Korea and developed a method to analyze the characteristics of the math items. The results of structuring the framework for math included two categories: math competency in the content aspects, and representation type in the formal aspects. Specifically, 12 features of math competency and 8 features of representation type were identified, and an item feature analysis framework composed of these features was developed. The math competency was developed based on the subject competency of 2015 national curriculum. Math assessments in high schools, which have been changed to the competency-based assessments, had more frequency of the feature of math competency compared to middle schools. In this study, implemented the IFA in National Assessment of Educational Achievement and explored the way of ensuring the validity. These have been proved as critical applications for ensuring the validity of curriculum-based student assessment as well as building a tool for assessment.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.169-189
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• 2006

The product categories that can be sold on-line are expanding. It is interesting to see which product categories have more sales possibilities on internet. Small-sized firms' products have low distribution coverage, low brand recognition, bigger dispersion in the perception on the values which consist of quality vs. price, and higher possibilities of perceived purchase risks. Since on-line shopping is supposed to provide opportunities to small-sized firms that have low distribution and brand power, it is quite necessary to evaluate the fitness of on-line sales for small-sized firms' product categories. There are virtually no research studies on the on-line sales for small-sized firms' product categories. In this study, based on the integration of SEC, FCB, and related concepts, we develop new theoretical framework and test the fitness of on-line sales for small-sized firms' product categories by conducting empirical analysis. The empirical results on 17 product categories show that SEC, FCB, purchase risks, brand factors are somewhat related. Unlike previous studies, since the fitness of SEC and on-line sales are not clearly shown, we need to consider those problems within inter-related multiple frameworks. That is, it is necessary to evaluate the fitness of on-line sales after defining the product categories within the integrated multiple frameworks rather than within the single framework.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.203-211
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is meant to develop an evaluation framework for PBL and S-PBL package, as well as verify reliability and propriety of developed framework. To achieve the purpose, existing researches and related documents were considered, and composed basic questionnaire which fits to the basic frame of the framework, 3 categories 15 items for PBL/S-PBL. Verifying its contents propriety, examined by 9 experts who professors in college and made 14 items for PBL, 15 items for S-PBL. To verify construct validity of basic frameworks, carried out factor analysis. Final evaluation framework questionnaire were 15 items selected, its PBL for 3 items in motivating, 7 items in integrity, 4 items in systematic and total 14 items, S-PBL for 4 items in motivating, 6 items in integrity, 5 items in systematic and total 15 items, and was verify to have adequate reliability with Cronbach's $\alpha$ is 0.9112 in PBL, 0.9166 of S-PBL.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.36 no.3 s.69
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• pp.119-139
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to provide information that will help both fishing industry and fisheries authority understand the principals of individual transferable quota(ITQ) fishery management. Theoretical frameworks and primary features of ITQ fishery managemenet are the assignment of exclusive property rights for harvest of common - property fisheries resources. An ITQ fishery management is fundamentally different from the conventional fishery management and it gives an individual fisherman the right to catch a specified quantity of fish, his quota. With ITQ, fisherman's quotas are transferable, in whole or in part. An ITQ is a property with certain rights of use, namely, the right to catch a given quantity and species of fish in a specific location during a specific period of time. The right is exclusive in the sense that no one else has the right to use the quota without the owner's permission. The property may be assigned, traded, and exchanged; i.e., the owner has the right to transfer an ownership to others. An ITQ fishery management leads to both economic efficiency and resource conservation. Motivations to overexploit stocks and to overcapitalize should be lessened because fishermen no longer have to compete for limited resources. There are significant positive net benefits and advantages with ITQ fishery management than without. The potential benefits and advantages of ITQ fishery management include increased profits, economic stability, improved product quality, safer working conditions, less gear conflict, elimination of the race - to - fish phenomenon, less by - catch, less gear loss, improved investment climate, mitigation of market gluts, waste reduction, addition to fisherman's wealth, and compensation for fisherman exiting the fishery. As an independent observe to Red Crab Trap Fishery some of the benefits, problems, and effects, an ITQ fishery management in Red Crab Trap Fishery is still far from to be implemented. Many different and difficult aspects (biological, socioeconomics, administrative) are involved considering the implementation of ITQ fishery management in Red Crab Trap Fishery. Among other fishery management tools, the implementation of ITQ fishery management in Red Crab Trap Fishery is considered to be the best in achieving the better conservation of fisheries resources and their more economic and rational exploitation. Korean fisheries authority should pay great attention to the experience of the economic effects of the ITQ fishery management in Red Crab Trap Fishery in the hope of being able to implement at least some of those experiences into the Korean fishery management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.17-27
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• 2021

Streamflow prediction is a very vital disaster mitigation approach for effective flood management and water resources planning. Lately, torrential rainfall caused by climate change has been reported to have increased globally, thereby causing enormous infrastructural loss, properties and lives. This study evaluates the contribution of rainfall to streamflow prediction in normal and peak rainfall scenarios, typical of the recent flood at Piney Resort in Vernon, Hickman County, Tennessee, United States. Daily streamflow, water level, and rainfall data for 20 years (2000-2019) from two USGS gage stations (03602500 upstream and 03599500 downstream) of the Piney River watershed were obtained, preprocesssed and fitted with Long short term memory (LSTM) model. Tensorflow and Keras machine learning frameworks were used with Python to predict streamflow values with a sequence size of 14 days, to determine whether the model could have predicted the flooding event in August 21, 2021. Model skill analysis showed that LSTM model with full data (water level, streamflow and rainfall) performed better than the Naive Model except some rainfall models, indicating that only rainfall is insufficient for streamflow prediction. The final LSTM model recorded optimal NSE and RMSE values of 0.68 and 13.84 m³/s and predicted peak flow with the lowest prediction error of 11.6%, indicating that the final model could have predicted the flood on August 24, 2021 given a peak rainfall scenario. Adequate knowledge of rainfall patterns will guide hydrologists and disaster prevention managers in designing efficient early warning systems and policies aimed at mitigating flood risks.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.335-340
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• 2024

In this paper, we synthesized organic and inorganic hybrid materials to introduce antibody functionality to UIO-66 and incorporated them into a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay to enhance the sensitivity of detecting small molecules such as oxytocin. A biological marker peptide called oxytocin may help in the diagnosis of heart failure, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. To detect oxytocin at concentrations as low as a few femtomole (fM), we developed a surface sandwich assay utilizing a pair of oxytocin-specific antibodies for enhancing selectivity and one of metal organic frameworks [e.g., UiO-66-(COOH)₂] possessing high porosity and surface-area as a signal amplifier. Initially, real-time SPR assays were used to confirm that each selected oxytocin-specific antibody binds strongly to oxytocin and to different binding sites on oxytocin. One of these antibodies (e.g., anti-OXT[OTI5G4]) was immobilized on the surface of a thin gold chip. Upon sequential injecting of oxytocin and the other antibody (e.g., anti-OXT[4G11]) conjugated to UiO-66-(COOH)₂ onto the surface to form the surface sandwich complex of anti-OXT[OTI5G4]/oxytocin/UiO-66-(COOH)₂-anti-OXT[4G11]), SPR changes, which varied with oxytocin concentration, were then measured in real time. The results demonstrated that sensitivity was amplified by over a million-fold compared to assays without UiO-66-(COOH)₂, enabling oxytocin detection down to approximately 10 fM.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.163-190
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• 2023

Recently, a framework crystallizing as Environmental, Social, and Governance(ESG) has been exerting significant influence not only on corporate investment and management philosophies but also on national policies. This ESG framework is becoming an essential requirement for all organizations. It has become an obligation at the corporate and national levels, particularly in the maritime, port, and logistics sectors. Anticipating that the adoption and utilization of the ESG framework will reach higher levels when it becomes a necessity, this study utilized data from international organizations such as the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD), the World Bank, and the World Economic Forum to analyze the impact of the ESG framework on national economic performance through the maritime, port, and logistics sectors using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling(PLS-SEM). The analysis revealed that while the ESG framework did not have a direct impact on the national economy, it manifested substantial indirect effects through maritime, port, and logistics sectors. Therefore, in these sectors, the establishment of the ESG framework should be recognized not only as an expenditure and obligation but also as a crucial investment that positively influences the national economic performance. The study's findings are limited by the absence of data beyond 2019 due to the impact of COVID-19. Therefore, it is anticipated that more accurate current effects can be ascertained when newer data becomes available.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.574-584
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a simulation based clinical reasoning practice program on clinical competence in nursing students. The program was based on the theoretical frameworks of simulation models and experiential learning theory. Methods: The program consisted of eight scenarios which includes three main symptoms (abdominal pain, changes in mental status, dyspnea), for improvement of clinical competencies in nursing students. A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used for evaluation of the effects of the program. Fifty-two junior nursing students in Y University participated in the experimental group (n=25) or control group (n=27). Critical thinking was measured using a self-administered questionnaire. Clinical judgment and clinical performance were measured by a rater using the Rubric. Descriptive analysis, t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for data analyses. Results: Clinical judgment and clinical performance increased in the experimental group, but there were no significant differences in critical thinking. Conclusion: Results indicate that the program developed in this study is a useful strategy to enhance clinical judgment and clinical performance in nursing students. However, the program did not significantly enhance critical thinking disposition, and further study is needed to measure integrated clinical competence including critical thinking skills.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.493-503
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• 2011

The Korea Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) determines admission quota of cyber universities. MEST's decision is made based on each university's physical and administrative capacity for handling admission numbers. However, the unique characteristics of cyber universities (e.g., online teaching and learning environments) are not considered in MEST's current decision process. MEST also lacks specifics in their policies that are required to ensure university's autonomous control for admission number as well as learners' rights and quality assurance. This study intended to improve decision making process on admission quota of cyber universities so as to increase quality assurance of education. The alternative admission quota decision frameworks have been formulated based on (a) the analysis of the current practices of cyber universities, (b) focus group interviews, and (c) recommendations of the expert.