• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the influences of feed containing activated charcoal on the performances of calves The daily weight gain, feed intake, feed requirement and the content of ammonia in the excreta were measured. The experiment was conducted with 10 male calves for 30 days. Each were equally divided with treatment group and control group and for the treatment group's animal fed diets containing 1.0% activated charcoal. The daily weight gain of calves were decreased by 1.92% when they were fed activated charcoal(1.02kg/day) compared to that of control calves(1.04kg/day) and the daily feed intake of treatment group(2.86kg/day) was 10.06% lower comparing to the control group(3.18kg/day). In case of feed requirement, the result showed 8.2% lower in the treatment group(2.80kg) than control group(3.06kg). The content of ammonia in excreta was significantly lower for treatment group(0.33ppm) than control group (2.67ppm)(p<0.05), which showed more improvement for reducing ammonia content in the treatment group with 87.6%(p<0.05).

• Mycobiology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2005

The effects of different concentrations of three amino acids as carbon and or nitrogen sources on mycelial dry weights, changes in pH values of synthetic medium, ammonia secretion and extracellular protease activity by three zoosporic fungi, pathogens of fish and shellfish, were studied. As compared with the control, the addition of isoleucine and aspartic acid as nitrogen sources were generally stimulative for mycelial dry weight production whereas phenylalanine was inhibitory irrespective to the tested fungal species. When amino acids served as carbon and nitrogen sources, the mycelial dry weights of the three fungi were increased (mostly non-significantly) relative to untreated control but weights were decreased as the concentrations of the three amino acids raised. The addition of individual amino acids as carbon and nitrogen sources to the medium significantly increased pH values of the medium comparable to the control. The addition of each of the three amino acids as carbon and nitrogen sources to the medium significantly induced ammonia secretion by the three species of zoosporic fungi. Ammonia secretion in synthetic medium amended with amino acids as nitrogen source raised by the three zoosporic fungi relative to untreated control except in case of Achlya racemosa treated with isoleucine. Extracellular protease activity was almost promoted in case of Achlya proliferoides and Saprolegnia furcata cultures treated with isoleucine and aspartic acid individually in presence of glucose and vice versa in case of phenylalanine. However, extracellular protease activity of A. racemosa decreased compared with the control at various concentrations of isoleucine and both phenylalanine and aspartic acid assumed inconsistent effects. Extracellular protease activity of the three zoosporic fungi in the medium devoid of glucose varied depending upon zoosporic fungal species, the tested amino acid and the applied concentrations. The values of protease activity were approximately less two folds than that obtained in presence of glucose.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.393-401
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• 2009

We isolated and identified a microorganism which was excellent for ammonia oxidation in the biological control of ammonia gas in odor producing materials from organic composting. The isolated strain was tested for growth characteristics and ammonia elimination efficiency under various conditions of temperature, pH, carbon concentration and ammonia concentration. The strain was isolated from a culture broth used in a $NO_2$ producing test with Griess-Ilosvay reagent. The results of 16S rRNA sequence from the isolated strain by using BLANST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) and confirming RDP (Ribosomal Database Project II) and ERRD (The European Ribosomal RNA Database) indicate that the strain is related to Delftia sp. UV-Spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, UVmini-1240) was used as a microbial growth test by measuring turbidity on OD660nm and ammonia concentration was measured by Spectrophotometer (HACH, DR-4000). The optimum growth culture conditions of the ammonia oxidizer Delftia sp. were $30^{\circ}C$, pH 7, glucose concentration 1.00% and $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ 0.5 g/l. Ammonia elimination efficiency was over 94% under the same conditions.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.397-402
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• 2015

SCR has been popularly approved as one of the most effective means for NOx emission control in heavy-duty and medium-duty vehicles currently. However, high urea dosing would lead to ammonia slip. And $NH_3$ sensor for vehicle emission applications has not been popularly used in real applications. This paper presents experimental studies on the diesel engine urea-SCR system by using a double NOx sensor system that is arranged in the downstream of the SCR catalyst based on ammonia cross-sensitivity. It was shown that the NOx conversion efficiency rised as $NH_3/NOx$ increases and the ammonia slip started from the $NH_3/NOx$ equal to 1.4. The increase of temperature caused high improvement of the SCR reaction rate while the space velocity had no obvious change. The ammonia slip was in advance as catalyst temperature or space velocity increase and the ammonia storage reduced as catalyst temperature or space velocity increase. The NOx real-time conversion efficiency rised as the ammonia accumulative storage increase and reached the maximum value gradually.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 1978

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Panax ginseng on the metabolism of nonprotein nitrogen compounds in rabbit blood. After rabbits were administered with ginseng powder orally for 30 days or with ginseng extract intraperitoneally for 10 days, the blood was collected from portal and ear vein to measure ammonia, urea, creatinine and nonprotein nitrogen. The blood ammonia level in ear vein of control rabbits was $87.0{\pm}5.1{\mu}g/100ml$ and was not significantly different from that of rabbits which were administered with ginseng powder orally or with ginseng extract intraperitoneally. But oral administration of ginseng powder produced a great decrease in ammonia level of portal vein from 1,392 to $704{\mu}g$ per 100ml, suggesting that intestinal ammonia production is suppressed by ginseng powder due to its antimicrobial activity. While there was no significant difference between the control and the rabbits which were administered with ginseng extract intraperitoneally. Ginseng administration had no effect on the creatinine level in blood from ear and portal vein, except the intraperitoneal injection of ginseng extract. It slightly lowered the creatinine level only in ear vein blood. The values of urea and nonprotein nitrogen were net affected by the administration of ginseng.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.6
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• pp.104-112
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• 1998

Ammonia has been used as refrigerant for more than 100 years in absorption as well as in compression systems. Due to its poisonous and inflammable properties, however, its use has been mainly on heavy industrial plants in which regular maintenance is available. For these systems, condensers are generally water∼cooled. This is suitable for large systems over 20RT but is not suitable for small systems. In order to apply ammonia for a small system, it is important to adopt an air-cooled condenser. In this study, simple numerical analysis of an air-cooled condenser for an ammonia refrigeration system has been carried out. The condenser is designed as horizontal tubes with plate fins attached at the outer surface to enhance the air-side heat transfer rate. Effect of fin shape and arrangement are studied in detail. Since the local heat transfer coefficient is highest at the leading edge, heat flux is highest at the edge and decreases along the distance. Conditions of inlet air are also varied in the study and condenser length that is required for full condensation is calculated. The results show that it is important to enhance both the air-side and internal heat transfer coefficients.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.811-820
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• 2007

A Study on the optimal design of the AIG(Ammonia Injection Grid) to improve the performance of DeNOx facilities in the HRSG(Heat Recovery Steam Generator) was performed using the CFD analysis. On the basis of the flow analysis results in the case that the AIG in the HRSG was not installed, the numerical analyses according to the positions of AIG, injection angles of nozzle and the control of ammonia injection quantity were carried out. The standard deviation according to factors was calculated for quantitative comparison. As the results, the AIG in the HRSG should be installed in the position that the uniform flow field shows through the exact flow analysis in the previous of the AIG design and installation. In the case the AIG has already been installed and non uniform flow distribution shows, it is recommended that flow correction device or KoNOx catalyst should be used. Otherwise, the control of ammonia injection angle or the ammonia injection quantity using the velocity profile analysis is demanded to accomplish the optimal performance.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.287-290
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• 2019

This study investigates the changes in ammonia fluxes, pH and total nitrogen of liquid ferrous sulfate-treated litter over 5 weeks. A total of 200 broiler chicks (Arbor Acres, 1 d old) was separated into two treatment groups (0 g and 100 g liquid ferrous sulfate/kg litter) with four replications of 25 birds in each group. Liquid ferrous sulfate was sprayed on the litter by using a small sprayer. There was no difference (p>0.05) in the ammonia fluxes observed between the control and liquid ferrous sulfate treatment groups at 0, 1, and 5 weeks, except for 2, 3 and 4 weeks. At 5 weeks, the litter pH and total nitrogen content did not show any difference (p>0.05) between the control and liquid ferrous sulfate treatment groups. In conclusion, the use of liquid ferrous sulfate is not a suitable for use in poultry litter to reduce ammonia and pH or improve the total nitrogen content.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.287-287
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• 2000

As a method to control the bacteria number in adequate level, a real time control system based on microscope image processing measurement for the bacteria is adopted. For the experiment, Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria such as Acinetobacter sp. are used. This paper proposed hybrid method combined watershed algorithm with adaptive automatic thresholding method to enhance segmentation efficiency of overlapped image. Experiments was done to show the effectiveness of the proposed method compared to traditional Otsu's method, Otsu's method with adaptive automatic thresholding method and human visual method.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.554-561
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• 1999

A novel estimation method was investigated for determining the concentrations of residual biomass, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), and main nutrients including carbon and nitrogen sources, phosphate, and mineral ions from the supplied amount of ammonia solution used for a pH-control solution and nitrogen source in a PHB fermentation. The estimation equations for a batch culture and a fed-batch culture were derived from the relationship between the growth rate of residual biomass and the feed rate of the pH-control solution, and then were applied to the batch culture and the fed-batch cultures of Alcaligenes latus. This method was successfully applied to estimate the concentrations of residual biomass, PHB, and nutrients.