• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.576-583
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• 1982

The variation of free amino acids during the tomato producing was studied using a tomato variety, Kagome 77. The concentration of free amino acids in fresh and heated pulp, and in puree and paste was analyzed by using automatic amino acid analyzer, Hitachi model KLA-5. 1. A significant difference in decomposition rate of glutamine and asparagine among amide group was recognized. For instance, the glutamine decomposed fast and no glutamine was found in the paste, while 56% of asparagine was found in the paste. 2. The diminishing quantity of glutamic acid among acid group was highest among all free amino acids. The quantity of aspartic acid was next to the glutamine. The percents of glutamic acid and aspartic acid left over were 38% and 24%, respectively. 3. Glycine, alanine, valine, isoleucine and leucine of neutral amino acids tended to be reduced a little during the heating, concentrating process. 4. No apparent variation was found for the lysine and histidine belonging to basic amino acids. while arginine increased a little. 5. Tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophane of aromatic group seemed to increase a little during the heating process. But the variations of them during the concentrating process were not recognized. 6. The methionine content, sulfur containing amino acid decreased a little throughout the process. But the decrease of ${\gamma}-amino$ butyric acid of non-protein was not apparently recognized. 7. The amino acid contents of fresh pulp were found as following order: glutamic acid>${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid>glutamine>aspartic acid>asparagine. The amino acid contents of paste were as glutamic acid>${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid>aspartic acid and aspargine. The percent distribution of aromatic and basic amino acids increased, even it was not great. 8. When amino acids were analyzed by Hitachi KLA-5, unknown peak which was never app eared in the fresh pulp before tryptophane was appeared when processed. The peak became greater when heated and concentrated. Later it was known that the peak was not due to lysinoalanine or ornithine.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1970

In an effort of determine the metabolism and bio-synthesis of nitrogen, was studied at variance of souble nitrogens, free amino acids and total alcohol soluble amino acids during the growth of younger soybean plants, and saybean divides into cotyledon and embryonic organ (shoot and root system) in this experiment. 1. In the soluble nitrogen of soybean, ratio of increase and decrease in the amino acids of them was displayed the near phenomena both cotyledon and embryonic organ of soybean. But, in the 17th days after seed germination, that is the developmeatal stage of adult leaf of soybeans, was appear the maximum value. It has been suggested that the stage of first half period of growth as boundary the stage of adult leaf development which indicated clear morphologically, at the younger soybean plants, is the step that nitrogen assimilation. 2. It was investigated the amino acids of seventeen kinds in the seed state, but at the third days after seed germination, was investigated the amino acids of nineteen kinds. Ultimately, it appears the translocation from cotyledon to embryonic organ in the distribution of amino acid, the nineth day which differentiation begining day of embryonic organ, then after, it happen the variation of number of inspected amino acid in the cotyledon and embryonic organ but only the variance changes in the distribution and quantitative aspects. Especially, the most conspicuous fact was indicated the accumulation of Asparagine, that is the phenomena of Asparagine-accumulation was constitute, not with standing no fertilization from outside. It may be concluded from the results of this investigation that the difference of special phenomena of soybean from the embryo of other plans. 3. In the initial stage of differentiation at embryonic organ number of inspected amino acid was very few, and then, it was slightly appeared the increase-phenomena in the number of them. It was that the amino acid inspecting the initial stage was translocated from the cotyledon. It is suggested that the intermediate-metabolism of amino acid was constituted on the basis of above the result. 4. The phenomena of increase and decrease of total alcohol soluble amino acid were essentially identical to the water soluble amino acid of soybean, but it was appeared the severe difference of amounts in both of them.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1703-1708
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• 2009

Deproteinization has been recognized as a prerequisite for amino acid analysis of plasma samples. For plasma stored at room temperature, delaying deproteinization for 30, 60 or 120 minutes did not result in significant changes in the mean CV (coefficient of variation), which ranged from 4.4 to 5.6%. However the mean CV of aspartic acid, ${\alpha}$-aminoadipic acid, alanine and lysine was about 10%. When the plasma was stored frozen at -20${^{\circ}C}$, the CV was increased at 0 and 120 minutes after thawing, to 12.4% (range, 4.1 to 35.3%) and 8.0% (2.5 to 30.7%), respectively. The concentrations in plasma during storage at room temperature of all the amino acids analyzed showed significant changes. In plasma stored for 30 minutes at room temperature, 17 amino acids increased in concentrations and two decreased. Extending this period to 60 or 120 minutes increased the instability as compare to the reference group. Storing plasma at -20${^{\circ}C}$ for 2 weeks resulted in significantly greater changes in the amino acid concentrations than at room temperature. On extending the storage time at room temperature, after thawing, to 30, 60, and 120 minutes, 21, 20, and all 22 amino acids respectively changed significantly (p<0.01). The present study indicates that methodological errors occur in the concentrations determined for all amino acids when plasma is left at room temperature. The storage of frozen non-deproteinized plasma accompanied more significant changes in most amino acid concentrations and thus should be avoided. Deproteinization should be performed as soon as possible after plasma collection.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.5
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• pp.762-769
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• 2010

The composition of minerals and amino acids in Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum tissues collected from different habitats in Ulleung Island and Mt. Hambeak of the Korean Peninsula is investigated. The mineral composition of A. victorialis stem was high compared to that of bulb in all population samples. The most abundant mineral found in all the samples was potassium (K). The mineral composition was variable in garlic population of Ulleung Island in a habitat dependent manner. The A. victorialis stems and bulbs showed significant differences in their amino acid compositions according to varying habitats of Ulleung Island and Mt. Hambeak. Among the amino acids the most abundant amino acid in A. victorialis bulb tissue was arginine, followed by leucine and valine. The amino acids leucine, valine, and phenylalanine were abundant in stem tissues. The total amino acids of the A. victorialis stem tissue from Teawha pass peak sample (837 mg/100 g dry wt) were higher than the mean of other population samples (355-824 mg/100 g dry wt). However, content of amino acids in the bulb was high in A. victorialis from Nari basin (1,919 mg/100 g dry wt).

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.299-305
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• 2006

Aromatic L-amino acid transaminase is an enzyme that is able to transfer the amino group from L-glutamate to unnatural aromatic ${\alpha}-keto$ acids to generate ${\alpha}-ketoglutarate$ and unnatural aromatic L-amino acids, respectively. Enrichment culture was used to isolate thermophilic Bacillus sp. T30 expressing this enzyme for use in the synthesis of unnatural L-amino acids. The asymmetric syntheses of L-homophenylalanine and L-phenylglycine resulted in conversion yields of >95% and >93% from 150 mM 2-oxo-4-phenylbutyrate and phenylglyoxylate, respectively, using L-glutamate as an amino donor at $60^{\circ}C$. Synthesized L-homophenylalanine and L-phenylglycine were optically pure (>99% enantiomeric excess) and continuously pre-cipitated in the reaction solution due to their low solubility at the given reaction pH. While the solubility of the ${\alpha}-keto$ acid substrates is dependent on temperature, the solubility of the unnatural L-amino acid products is dependent on the reaction pH. As the solubility difference between substrate and product at the given reaction pH is therefore larger at higher temperature, the thermophilic transaminase was successfully used to shift the reaction equilibrium toward rapid product formation.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.437-443
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• 1998

This research is to establish the basic data of the nutritive value and improve our diet. In the part of the leaf and stem of the wild and cultivated horned rampion (Phyteuma japonicum Mig), the components such as chemical compositon, vitamin C, free sugar, mineral, nucleotide and its related compounds, composition and free amino acid were analyzed one after another. Content of the crude lipids and proteins was determined much higher in its wildness than in its cultivated horned rampion; while, that of carbohydrates was higher in the former than in the latter. The content of vitamin C was retained higher in the leaf than in the stem horned rampion. And the content of calcium among the detected minerals was outstanding in all of the samples collected, and potassium and magnesium was the next ones in its order. The main components of free sugars in both the wild and cultivated horned rampion were glucose and fructose, and their content was higher in the stem than in the leaf. Nucleotide and its related compounds were identified with 5 kinds of nucieotides such as CMP, UMP, IMP, AMP and hypoxanthine (Hx), and the content of Hx and AMP was the highest I the wild and cultivated samples, respectively. In the composition amino acid of the wild horned rampion, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and phenylalanine was outstandingly abundant; while, such amino acid as methinone and proline was small and besides cysteine couldn't be detected in the stem. Total amounts of composition amino acid in the leaf was 2118.0 and 1120.1mg% in the wild and cultivated sample, respectively. In the free amino acid of horned rampion, the total amount ranged from 8.5 to 50.1mg.%, which were lower level than that of composition amino acid. But the number of free amino acid was 29 kinds, which was bigger in its number than that of composition amino acid detected 17 kinds.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.126-134
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• 1998

Our previous study demonstrated that dietary taurine or glycine supplementation significantly lowered plasma and hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in rats fed a cholesterol-free diet. In the present study, the effect of long term dietary taurine or glycine supplementation, for the purpose of preventing and/or treating of hyperlipidemia and other known biological functions, on plasma and hepatic free amino acid concentrations and profiles were evaluated in rats. Three groups of male rats(110-130g) were fed a control diet(CD), taurine-supplemented diets(TSD ; CD+ 1.5% taurine) or glycine-supplemented diet(GSD ; CD+1.5% glycine) for 5 weeks. Plasma and hepatic free amino acid concentrations were determined by an automated amino acid analyzer based on ion-exchange chormatography. The feeding of TSD for 5 weeks yielded a 444% higher plasma taurine concentration , and the feeding GSD for the same period resulted in a 143% higher plasma glycine level in rats compared to those fed DB. Hepatic taurine concentration was significantly higher in rats fed TSD(145% increase) compared to the control rats. However, hepatic glycine concentration was not influenced by dietary glycine supplementation , which implies that the massive dose of glycine entering the body was more rapidly metabolized or excreted than taurein. Dietary taurine or glycine supplementation resulted in similar changes in plasma free amino acid concentrations, except in levels of taurine and glycine. Plasma levels of histidine, lysine, phenylalanine , alanine, proline, hydroxypoline, $\alpha$-aminogutyric acid, cystathionine and ethanolamine were significantly higher in rats fed TSD or GSD than those fed GD. Glycine supplementation did not change hepatic free amino acid concentrations as compared to CD. Concentrations of most hepatic free amino acids were not influenced by dietary taurine supplementation with the exception of significantly higher levels of asparate and tyrosine(56-63% increase) and lower levels of histidine and glutamate(33-34% decrease) compared to the control rats. These results suggest long-term dietary taurine or glycine supplementation resulted in increases in most plasma free amino acid levels, but did not cause a characteristic change in plasma aminogram pattern compared to rats fed CD.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.239-245
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• 1998

To investigate the formation of bound residue with soil organic materials by oxidative coupling, nitroaromatics and their reduced metabolites, the insecticide parathion and the herbicide asulam were incubated with oxidoreductase, laccase or horseradish peroxidase, in the presence or absence of humic monomers. Most of aminotoluenes and amino-nitrophenols were completely transformed while most of nitrotoluenes and nitrophenols remained unchanged by a lactase or horseradish peroxidase in the presence or absence of humic monomers. Amino-nitrotoluenes were not transformed without humic monomers, but the addition of various humic monomers caused a considerable difference in the transformation of amino-nitrotoluenes by a lactase or horseradish peroxidase. Amino-nitrotoluenes were most transformed in the presence of catechol, syringaldehyde and protocatechuic acid. The insecticide parathion with nitro group and its metabolite were not mostly transformed in the presence or absence of humic monomers. The herbicide asulam with amino group remained unchanged without humic monomers as well, but the stimulating effect on the transformation of asulam was caused by the addition of catechol, syringaldehyde, protocatechuic acid or caffeic acid with a lactase.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.406-409
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• 2002

The effect of refeeding with various single essential amino acids on the recovery of plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentration in fasted young chickens was examined. Young chickens (29 days of age) were divided into 15 experimental groups. Chickens in one group were fed on the commercial diet ad libitum for 4 days. The remaining 56 chickens in 14 experimental groups were fasted. After 2 days of fasting, 52 chicks in 13 fasted groups were refed with one of the following experimental diets for 2 days. Eleven experimental diets were protein-free diets supplemented with one of 11 essential amino acids (Arg, Gly, His, Ileu, Leu, Met, Phe, Lys, Thr, Trp, Val). The remaining 2 experimental diets were a protein-free diet containing 11 essential amino acids and a protein-free diet not supplemented with amino acids. Birds in the remaining fasted group continued to be fasted for 2 days. Fasting for 2 days markedly reduced plasma IGF-I concentration. When fasted chickens were refed the protein-free diet containing either Gly alone or all essential amino acids, plasma IGF-I concentration was recovered to the level similar to that of fed chickens. Protein-free diet alone, however, failed to restore the reduced IGF-I concentration in plasma. Body weight loss modulated by feeding with protein-free diets supplemented with various single essential amino acids was associated with changes in plasma IGF-I concentrations. We concluded that body weight loss by feeding with a protein-free diet was lower than that of fasted chickens and that body weight loss associated with the decrease in plasma IGF-I concentration was modulated by feeding with protein-free diets containing various single essential amino acids.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.260-266
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• 1996

Eighteen crossbred pigs were weaned at 4 days of age and fed up to 28 days of age to examine the effect of sulfur amino acid content of three diets upon plasma taurine concentration and hepatic cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity. The experimental diets consisted of either whey protein (W) or partialy hydrolyzed soy protein (S) as the source of protein. 0.25% methionine was added to the S diet for the third dietary regimen (SM). Sulfur amino acid content(methionine plus cystine)of the three diets was 1.53%, 1.34% and 1.09% for the W, SM and S diet, respectively. Plasma taurine concentration from the pigs fed the three experimental diets reflected the total sulfur amino acid content of the diet. The S diet resulted in a significantly lower plasma tarrine level than the W and SM diets throughout the experiment. After three weeks, pigs fed the W diet had significantly higher plasma taurine concentration than those fed SM diet. Therfore it appears that taurine requirement of the pig depends on the sulfur amino acid contents of the diets and the conversion o sulfur amino acid to taurine seemed not to be limited by any factor when sulfur amino acid was below 1.53% of the diet. There was no significant difference between three dietary groups in hepatic cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity and this suggests that the reduced cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity due to high sulfur amino acid in the diet may not occur in the pig liver.