The Variation of Free Amino Acid during the Tomato Processing

토마토 가공(加工) 공정(工程) 중(中)에 있어서의 유리(遊離) 아미노 산(酸)의 변동(變動)

The variation of free amino acids during the tomato producing was studied using a tomato variety, Kagome 77. The concentration of free amino acids in fresh and heated pulp, and in puree and paste was analyzed by using automatic amino acid analyzer, Hitachi model KLA-5. 1. A significant difference in decomposition rate of glutamine and asparagine among amide group was recognized. For instance, the glutamine decomposed fast and no glutamine was found in the paste, while 56% of asparagine was found in the paste. 2. The diminishing quantity of glutamic acid among acid group was highest among all free amino acids. The quantity of aspartic acid was next to the glutamine. The percents of glutamic acid and aspartic acid left over were 38% and 24%, respectively. 3. Glycine, alanine, valine, isoleucine and leucine of neutral amino acids tended to be reduced a little during the heating, concentrating process. 4. No apparent variation was found for the lysine and histidine belonging to basic amino acids. while arginine increased a little. 5. Tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophane of aromatic group seemed to increase a little during the heating process. But the variations of them during the concentrating process were not recognized. 6. The methionine content, sulfur containing amino acid decreased a little throughout the process. But the decrease of ${\gamma}-amino$ butyric acid of non-protein was not apparently recognized. 7. The amino acid contents of fresh pulp were found as following order: glutamic acid>${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid>glutamine>aspartic acid>asparagine. The amino acid contents of paste were as glutamic acid>${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid>aspartic acid and aspargine. The percent distribution of aromatic and basic amino acids increased, even it was not great. 8. When amino acids were analyzed by Hitachi KLA-5, unknown peak which was never app eared in the fresh pulp before tryptophane was appeared when processed. The peak became greater when heated and concentrated. Later it was known that the peak was not due to lysinoalanine or ornithine.

토마토 가공(加工) 공정중(工程中)에 있어서의 유리 아미노산의 변화(變化)를 검토(檢討)할 목적(目的)으로 가공용(加工用)인 KAGOME 77 품종(品種)의 토마토로 조제(調製)한 fresh pulp, heated pulp, puree 및 paste 중(中)의 유리 아미노산을 측정(測定)하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Amide group 중(中) glutamine과 asparagine의 분해(分解) 속도(速度)에는 상당(相當)한 차(差)가 인정되었으며, glutamin 은 빨리 분해(分解)되어 paste 중(中)에는 전(全)혀 잔존(殘存)하지 않았으나 asparagine은 paste 중(中)에도 56% 이상(以上)이 잔존(殘存)하였다. 2. 산성(酸性) group중(中)의 glutamic acid의 감소량(減少量)은 전(全) 아미노산 중(中) 가장 컸으며 aspartic acid의 그것은 glutamine 다음인 3 번째로 컸다. Paste 중(中)에 있어서의 glutamic acid와 aspartic acid의 잔존율(殘存率)은 각각 38% 및 24%이었다. 3. 중성(中性) group의 glycine, alanine, valine, isoleucine 및 leucine 등(等)은 약간(若干) 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다. 4. 염기성(鹽基性) group중(中) lysine과 histidin의 변화(變化)는 인정(認定)되지 않았으나, argmme은 가열(加熱) 공정중(工程中)에 약간(若干) 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다. 5. Aromatic group인 tyrosine, phenylalanine 및 tryptophane은 가열(加熱) 공정(工程) 중(中)에는 약간(若干) 증가(增加)하였으나 농축중(濃縮中)에 있어서의 변화(變化)는 거의 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 6. 함유황(含硫黃) 아미노산인 methionine은 전(全) 공정(工程)을 통(通)해서 약간(若干) 감소(減少)하였으나 비단백성(非蛋白性)인 ${\gamma}$ amino butyric acid의 감소(減少)는 거의 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 7. Fresh pulp중(中)의 주요(主要) 아미노산은 glutamic acid>${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid$${\geq_-}$$glutamine>aspartic acid>asparagine의 순(順)으로 많이 함유되어 있었으나, paste 중(中)에는 glutarru acid>${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid>aspartic acid=asparagine의 순(順)으로 많이 함유(含有)되어 있었으며, 미량(微量)이긴 하나 방향족(芳香族) 아미노산과 염기성(鹽基性) 아미노산의 분포비(分布比)가 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다. 8. HITACHI-KLA-5-Amino Acid Analy-zer로 측정(測定)하였을 때 tryptophane의 직전(直前)에 fresh pulp에서는 나타나지 않았던 unknown peak가 가공품(加工品)에 있어서만 나타났으며, 가열(加熱) 및 농축(濃縮)이 진행(進行)됨에 따라 큰 peak로 되었다. 그리고 이것은 lysinoalanine 또는 ornithino이 아니라는 사실(事實)도 확인(確認)하였다.