• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제50권9호
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• pp.427-433
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• 2001

A linear ultrasonic motor was designed by a combination of the first longitudinal and fourth bending mode, and the motor consisted of a straight aluminum alloys bar bonded with a piezoelectric ceramic element as a driving element. That is,$L_1-B_4$ linear ultrasonic motor can be constructed by a multi-mode vibrator of longitudinal and bending modes. Linear ultrasonic motors are based on an elliptical motion on the surface elastic body, such as bar or plates. In general, the natural resonance frequency of the stator is used as a driving frequency of the motor which provides a large elliptical motion. The corresponding eigenmode of one resonance frequency can be excited twice at the same time with a Phase shift of 90 degrees in space and time. And the rotation can be reversed by changing the phase between the two signals from sin$\omega$t to cos$\omega$t. Moreover, the tangential force pushes the slider(rotor) and, therefore, determines the thrust and speed of the motor. The experimental results of fabrication motors, bimorph-tyPe motor showed more excellent than unimorph-type. The maximum speed of TBL-200, TBL-300, TBL-400, TBL -220, TBL-310 and TBL-420 motors were 0.12, 0.37, 0.39, 0.14, 0.55 and $0.60ms6{-1}$, respectively. And the efficiency were reported 1.15, 7.9, 6.6, 2.36, 10.1 and 16.5%, respectively. That time, output thrust of the motor was a strong(1~2N) and the weight of stator was a lightness(5~7g).

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.740-753
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• 2008

The conventional Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (C-SHPB) technique with aluminum pressure bars to achieve a closer impedance match between the pressure bars and the specimen materials such as hot temperature degraded POM (Poly Oxy Methylene) and PP (Poly Propylene) to obtain more distinguishable experimental signals is used to obtain a dynamic behavior of material deformation under a high strain rate loading condition. An experimental modification with Pulse shaper is introduced to reduce the nonequilibrium on the dynamic material response during a short test period to increase the rise time of the incident pulse for two polymeric materials. For the dynamic stress strain curve obtained from SHPB experiment under high strain rate, the Johnson-Cook model is applied as a constitutive equation, and we verify the applicability of this constitutive equation to the probabilistic reliability estimation method. The methodology to estimate the reliability using the probabilistic method such as the FORM and the SORM has been proposed, after compose the limit state function using Johnson-Cook model. It is found that the failure probability estimated by using the SORM is more reliable than those of the FORM, and the failure probability increases with the increase of applied stress. Moreover, it is noted that the parameters of Johnson-Cook model such as A and n, and applied stress affect the failure probability more than the other random variables according to the sensitivity analysis.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년도 제31회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.375-379
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 과산화수소 분해 반응을 이용하여 세계 최초로 10뉴턴 급의 추진력을 갖는 액체 추진 소형 모델 로켓을 제작하고 발사 시험을 하였다. 일련의 설계를 통해 인젝터에 지름 200${\mu}m$의 오리피스를 7개 만들었고, 목의 지름이 2.5mm 이고 면적비가 2.56인 노즐을 제작하였다. 촉매로 백금을 코팅한 아이솔라이트(Isolite)를 사용하였다. 90wt% 과산화수소를 질소 가스를 통해 20bar로 가압하여 촉매 베드의 길이와 베드에 올린 백금의 적재량을 변수로 하여 추력 실험을 행하였다. 그 결과, 5wt%의 백금을 4cm의 베드에 올렸을 때 가장 높은 $c^*$ 효율과 추력 안전성을 보여주었다. 경량화를 위해 로켓의 몸체는 알루미늄으로 만들었으며, 제작한 로켓에서는 솔레노이드 벨브를 통해 유량을 조절하였다. 발사 시험을 행한 결과 비교적 일정한 속도로 10m 가량을 올라갔다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 4가지 모델의 밸런스 바가 장착되어 있는 레이싱 스펙의 브레이크 페달에 대한 경량화 구조해석을 수행하였다. 강과 알루미늄 합금 2개의 소재를 이용하여 4개의 형상들에 대하여 해석을 진행하였다. 일반적으로 사람이 자동차에 승차했을 때 발생할 수 있는 힘의 크기를 1000N이라 가정한다. 고정점은 볼트와 페달이 고정되는 부분과 마스터실린더의 압력이 상승해 작동이 멈추었을 때 Rod를 통하여 전달되는 응력을 받는 밸런스 바 장착 부분으로 지정하였다. 본 해석 연구를 통하여 각 브레이크 페달 모델의 취약점을 조사하고 브레이크 페달의 전달 효율성을 경량화에 의하여 증가할 수 있다고 사료된다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 얻은 브레이크 페달의 내구성 있는 설계데이터를 활용함으로서 실생활에서의 자동차 부품에 융합하여 그 미적 감각을 나타낼 수 있다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.51-69
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• 2024

Currently, composite lining mountain tunnels in China are generally classified based on the [BQ] method for the surrounding rock grade. Increasingly, tunnel field construction is replicated indoors for scale down model tests. However, the development of analogous materials for model tests of composite lining tunnels with different surrounding rock grades is still unclear. In this study, typical Class III and V surrounding rock analogous materials and corresponding composite lining support materials were developed. The whole processes of excavation-support dynamics of the mountain tunnels were simulated. Data on the variation of deformations, contact pressures and strains on the surrounding rock were obtained. Finally, a comparative analysis between model tests and numerical simulations was performed to verify the rationality of analogous material development. The following useful conclusions were obtained by analyzing the data from the tests. The main analogous materials of Class III surrounding rock are barite powder, high-strength gypsum and quartz sand with fly ash, quartz sand, anhydrous ethanol and rosin for Class V surrounding rock. Analogous materials for rockbolts, steel arches are replaced by aluminum bar and iron bar respectively with both shotcrete and secondary lining corresponding to gypsum and water. In addition, load release rate of Class V surrounding rock should be less than Class III surrounding rock. The fenestration level had large influence on the load sharing ratio of the secondary lining, with a difference of more than 30%, while the influence of the support time was smaller. The Sharing ratios of secondary lining in Class III surrounding rock do not exceed 12%, while those of Class V surrounding rock exceed 40%. The overall difference between the results of model tests and numerical simulations is small, which verifies the feasibility of similar material development in this study.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2018

PURPOSE. The purpose of this in vitro study is to examine the effects of a nano-structured alumina coating on the adhesion between resin cements and zirconia ceramics using a four-point bending test. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 100 pairs of zirconium bar specimens were prepared with dimensions of $25mm{\times}2mm{\times}5mm$ and cementation surfaces of $5mm{\times}2mm$. The samples were divided into 5 groups of 20 pairs each. The groups are as follows: Group I (C) - Control with no surface modification, Group II (APA) - airborne-particle-abrasion with $110{\mu}m$ high-purity aluminum oxide ($Al_2O_3$) particles, Group III (ROC) - airborne-particle-abrasion with $110{\mu}m$ silica modified aluminum oxide ($Al_2O_3+SiO_2$) particles, Group IV (TCS) - tribochemical silica coated with $Al_2O_3$ particles, and Group V (AlC) - nano alumina coating. The surface modifications were assessed on two samples selected from each group by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The samples were cemented with two different self-adhesive resin cements. The bending bond strength was evaluated by mechanical testing. RESULTS. According to the ANOVA results, surface treatments, different cement types, and their interactions were statistically significant (P<.05). The highest flexural bond strengths were obtained in nano-structured alumina coated zirconia surfaces (50.4 MPa) and the lowest values were obtained in the control group (12.00 MPa), both of which were cemented using a self-adhesive resin cement. CONCLUSION. The surface modifications tested in the current study affected the surface roughness and flexural bond strength of zirconia. The nano alumina coating method significantly increased the flexural bond strength of zirconia ceramics.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2020

The powder manufacturing process using the gas atomizer process is easy for mass production, has a fine powder particle size, and has excellent mechanical properties compared to the existing casting process, so it can be applied to various industries such as automobiles, electronic devices, aviation, and 3D printers. In this study, a modified A4032-xSn (x = 0, 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt.%) alloy with low melting point properties is investigated. After maintaining an argon (Ar) gas atmosphere, the main crucible is tilted; containing molten metal at 1,000℃ by melting the master alloy at a high frequency, and Ar gas is sprayed at 10 bar gas pressure after the molten metal inflow to the tundish crucible, which is maintained at 800℃. The manufactured powder is measured using a particle size analyzer, and FESEM is used to observe the shape and surface of the alloy powder. DSC is performed to investigate the change in shape, according to the melting point and temperature change. The microstructure of added tin (Sn) was observed by heat treatment at 575℃ for 10 min. As the content of Sn increased, the volume fraction increased to 1.1, 3.1, 6.4, and 10.9%.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.228-232
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• 2006

목적 : $[^{18}F]F_2\;(T_{1/2}=110\;min)$ 기체를 이용하여 친전자성 치환반응으로 방사성동위원소 $^{18}F$을 표지하는 방법은 새로운 앙전자방출단층촬영용 방사성의약품 개발 분야에서 유용하게 이용되고 있다. 그림에도 불구하고 $[^{18}F]F_2$를 높은 생산수율과 비방사능으로 생산하기 위한 표적 개발 연구는 아직도 진행 중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 친핵성 치환반응으로 $^{18}F$을 도입하기 어려운 방사성의약품에 친전자성 치환반응으로 방사성동위원소를 도입할 수 있는 $[^{18}F]F_2$ 가스의 효율적인 생산에 관해 연구하였다. 대상 및 방법: 표적은 원추형 모양의 알루미늄 재질로 제작하였다. $[^{18}F]F_2$ 생산을 위한 핵반응으로 $^{18}O(p,n)^{18}F$를 사용하였으며, two-step 빔 조사방법을 이용하였다. 첫 번째 조사는 농축 $[^{18}O]O_2$가스를 표적에 충진한 후 빔 조사하여 $^{18}O(p,n)^{18}F$ 핵반응을 일으킴으로써 $^{18}F$를 생산한다. 생산된 $^{18}F$은 표적 챔버 기벽에 흡착된다. $[^{18}O]O_2$은 재사용을 위하여 냉각포획법으로 회수하였으며, $^{18}F$를 회수하기 위해 $[^{19}F]F_2/Ar$ 가스를 충진한 후, 두 번째 빔을 조사하여 방사성불소를 회수하는 방법으로 구성된다. 본 연구에서는 최적의 방사성불소 생산 조건을 찾기 위해 빔 조사 시간, 빔 전류 세기 농축 $[^{18}O]O_2$ 충진 압력 등의 변화에 따라 생산량을 평가하였다. 결과: 빔 조사 시간, 빔 전류, 농축 $[^{18}O]O_2$ 충진 압력 등의 조건을 변화시키면서 생산량을 평가한 결과 최적의 빔 조사 조건은 다음과 같다. 첫 번째 조사: 농축 $[^{18}O]O_2$을 약 15.0 bar충진, 13.2 MeV, 30 ${\mu}A$로 60-90분 조사; 두 번째 조사: 1% $[^{19}F]F_2/Ar$혼합가스 12.0 bar 충진, 13.2 MeV, 30 ${\mu}A$로 20-30분 조사 후 아르곤 가스로 회수하였을 때 EOB(end of bombardment) 기준으로 약 $34{\pm}6.0$ GBq(n>10)의 $[^{18}F]F_2$를 얻었다. 결론: $^{18}O(p,n)^{18}F$ 핵반응을 이용하여 친전자성 방사성동위원소 $[^{18}F]F_2$를 생산하였다. 표적 챔버는 알루미늄으로 제작하였으며 본 연구에서 연구된 $[^{18}F]F_2$가스는 친핵성 치환반응으로 방사성동위원소를 도입하기 어려운 다양한 방사성의 약품개발에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 2011년도 한국우주과학회보 제20권1호
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• pp.31.4-32
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• 2011

The previous KRISS profilometer design used an aluminum profile structure to which a bar-type reference mirror subsystem and the measurement subsystem are mounted. The earlier design suffers from low stiffness as shown from the first resonance mode of 45.1 Hz. The improved mechanical design we describe in this study replaces the aluminium profile structure with a granite structure of $1340{\times}220{\times}230$ in dimension. The finite element analysis results for the revised design show 0.001 degree in probe contact angle variation. The first resonance mode was computed to 91.2 Hz that is much better than 45.1 Hz from the previous design. We describe the improved design, structural analysis results and how these results would satisfy the form accuracy requirement of 1 ${\mu}m$ PV.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2011

Magnesium alloy has been known as lightweight material in automobile and electronic industry with aluminum alloy, titanium alloy and plastic material. Friction welding is useful to join different kinds of metals and nonferrous metals they are difficult to be joined by such as gas welding, resistance welding and electronic beam welding. In this study, friction welding was performed to investigate optimization process of Mg alloy with a 20mm diameter solid bar. For that, the orthogonal array $(L_{9}(3^{4}))$ was used that contained four factors and each factor had three levels. Control factors were heating pressure, heating time, upsetting pressure and upsetting time. Also tensile tests were carried out to measure mechanical properties for welded conditions. The levels of heating pressure and upsetting pressure used were 15, 25, 35MPa, and 30, 50, 70MPa, respectively. In addition those of heating time and upsetting time were 0.5, 1, 1.5 sec and 3, 4, 5 sec., respectively, rotating speed of 2000rpm. From the experimental results, optimization condition was estimated as follows; heating pressure=35MPa, upsetting pressure=70MPa, heating time=1.5sec, upsetting time=3sec.