• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.584-594
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• 1996

For the separation and purification of aluminium chloride hexahydrate crystals from kaolin leaching solution the effects of crystallization conditions, such as crystallization temperature, concentration of aluminium chloride concentration in the leaching solutin and gas flow rate of HCl into the leaching solution, on purity of the aluminium chloride hexahydrate crystals were investigated. The supersaturation level of aluminium chloride in the leaching solution gave great influence on the purity of the crystals. When supersaturated concentration of the aluminium chloride in the leaching solution was generated in low level, the aluminium chloride hexahydrate crystals were produced with high purity ; that is, the crystals hving a low Fe-ion concentration. The supersaturation level of aluminium chloride in the leaching solution was mainly determined by crystallization temperature, concentrations of aluminium chloride and hydrochloric acid in the solution. However, in spite of changes of the above crystallization coditions, a needle shape morphology of aluminium chloride hexahydrate crystals did not modified. To measure hydrochloric acid concentration in the kaolin leaching solution, we applied the oxalate titration method, which was suggested by shank [9] and it was prove that this method could titrate hydrochloroic acid concentration in multi-component ionic solution such as kaolin leaching solution.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.10-19
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• 1984

The $3{\times}3{\times}30$ ($cm^3$) sized lumbers of Populus alba-grandulosa L. were treated with four fire-retardant solutions of ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and aluminium chloride for 1, 15, 30, and 60 minutes and 1, 3, and 7 days. Thereafter they were air-dried and burned at high temperature about $1,800^{\circ}C$ and for short time of five minutes. This study estimated the relationship between absorbed chemical amounts and rate of weight loss or residual bending strength of these burned lumbers. The results were as follows: 1) In absorption amount of fire-retardant chemicals, diammonium phosphate showed the largest, aluminium chloride the smallest, but monoammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate showed similar level. 2) The absorption amount of chemicals was decreased with the increase of specific gravity in the same species except aluminium chloride. 3) The rate of weight loss was decreased as the absorption amount of chemicals increased, especially monoammonium phosphate was most effective. 4) The MOR value of the residual bending strength was increased as the absorption amount of chemicals increased and especially monoammonium phosphate showed the most efficient effect. 5) Aluminium chloride showed more striking increase of MOR value of residual bending strength with the increase of absorption amount than any other chemical, therefore its MOR value was similar to the maximum MOR value of the most effective monoammonium phosphate. 6) The correlation between weight loss and MOR value of the residual bending strength was negative and aluminium chloride showed the most striking negative relation, but the others showed similar trends. 7) The correlation between work to proportional limit and absorption amount of chemicals was positive and the degree of increase in work to proportional limit was most in aluminium chloride, and the next, in monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate in turn. 8) The correlation between work to maximum load and absorption amount of chemicals showed positive and diammonium phosphate revealed the best result and aluminium chloride showed better results than other two chemicals.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2015

This research aims to study an effect of sodium chloride solution concentration on the corrosion rate of AA1100 aluminium alloy and SGACD zinc coated steel lap joint with a test duration of 30 days and a test temperature of $45^{\circ}$. The summarized results are as follows. Increase of the NaCl solution concentration increased the weight loss of Al, corrosion rate of Al, weight loss of Fe and also decreased the corrosion rate of Fe. Increase of the test duration affected to increase the weight loss and corrosion rate of Al and also decrease the weight loss and corrosion rate of Fe. The corrosion that was formed in a lap joint consisted of the uniform corrosion on the surface of the metals and the galvanic corrosion in the lap area of the joint. The maximum weight loss of AA 1100 aluminium and SGACD zinc coated steel that was occurred in the sodium chloride with 3.25% was 2.203% and 3.208%, respectively.. The maximum corrosion rate of AA 1100 aluminium and SGACD zinc coated steel that was occurred in 4.00% and 3.5% sodium chloride solution was 0.156 mm/year and 0.479 mm/year, respectively.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.70-75
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• 2008

A study on the cementation for the recovery of tin with aluminium in the hydrochloric acid solution was carried out. Parameters, such as aluminium metal equivalent, pH, reaction time, reaction temperature and the concentration of chloride ions were investigated. The experimental results showed that the cementation rate of Sn(II) ions increased with increase of the addition amount of aluminium powders, temperature, pH and the concentration of chloride ions in hydrochloric acid solution. From the results, the optinum conditions for recovery of metallic tin by cementation with aluminium metal powders were proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.193-196
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• 2006

This paper presents the results of catalytic endo- to exo- isomerization of saturated poly cyclic compound. Several zeolites were tested and influences of, Si/Al ratio and Structures of the zeolites on the reaction were investigated. The results showed that Y zeolites were more active than other zeolites, because of its large pore size and relative strong acidity. In all Y zeolites with different Si/Al, Y-5.4 is best. In all the zeolites tested, Y calcined at $450^{\circ}C$ was favorable. Still now the aluminium chloride catalyst is more active than zeolites. However, considering of environmental problems, corrosion, and treatment can make the zeolite catalyst substitute the aluminium chloride catalyst.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.15 no.5 s.73
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• pp.52-56
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• 2006

Waste aluminum dross was leached with hydrochloric acid to prepare PAC, poly aluminium chloride, used as water treatment chemicals. Metallic aluminum remained in the waste aluminum dross was dissolved into the hydrochloric acid solution. The solution could be used as PAC after adjusting the required alumina concentration and the basicity. Comparing to the conventional method far preparation of PAC using aluminum hydroxide, material cost could be saved in this method. Also, there is an additional merit in view of recycling of the waste aluminum dross by reducing the amount of waste dross to be landfilled.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.30-40
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• 1998

Increasing water consumption produced sludge problems of the water treatment plants. The objective of this study is to investigate aluminium coagulants recovery n acidic and alkaline conditions. Water treatment plant sludge produced in Pusan Metropolitan City were tested for the aluminium extraction process. Experiment samples were obtained in summer from water treatment plants of Deoksan and Myongjang. Aluminium coagulants used in these plants during the test period were polyaluminium chloride(PAC), polyaluminium sulfate organic(PSO), polyaluminium sulfate silicate(PASS). Aluminium contents of water treatment sludge were in the range of 7.2~10.9% of the total solids. The recovery percentages for aluminium and iron by acidic extraction method was evaluated to 88% and 42% respectively. Extracted mass variation for other materials such as iron, manganese, total organic carbon was observed during the extraction operation. Alkaline extraction produced more than two times amount of total organic carbon than that in the acidic extraction process.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.370-376
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• 1990

Synthesis of aluminium nitride has been studied by using the starting materials such as-alumina which was prepared at the lowest temperature from AlO(OH), anhydrous aluminium chloride and metallic aluminium powders. For the synthesis of aluminium nitride, the reaction temperature was carefully controlled and the reaction conditions were determined and discussed with the results. Reaction of metallic aluminium powder and nitrogen gas was taken place at relatively low temperature. The reaction parameters were determined kinetically.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.118-126
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• 1987

The Zn-Al composite electroplating was studied by using chloride zinc bath containing metal hydroxides $(Zn(OH)_2,\;Al(OH)_3))$ and aluminium powder. The size of Al powder codeposited in the beaker bath with Al powder of-400 mesh was under 10${\mu}m$. The Zn-Al composite was electro-deposited at 40$^{\circ}C$ in the ranges of current density of 5-50 A/$dm^2$ in the flowing electrolyte. The content of aluminium particles codeposited increased slightly with increasing flow rate of electrolyte from 0.5 m/sec to 1.0 m/sec, and decreased with increasing current density from 5 A/$dm^2$ to 50 A/$dm^2$. The content of aluminium particles codeposited by using the electrolyte containing zinc hydroxide(0.1M) was 2~4 wt%. The Al powder was codeposited mainly near the surface layer of the electrodeposits. The dissolution rate of aluminium particles in the electrolyte containing 0.1M $Zn(OH)_2$ and Boric acid was 0.41 g/l. day in comparison with 1.5 g/l. day dissolution rate in pure chloride bath.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2021

In this study, defluoridation efficiency by aluminium sulphate (alum) and polyaluminium chloride (PACl) were compared for recommended Nalgonda dose (100%) and 80% of this dose in both batch and continuous modes. The residual turbidity was found to be higher in case of alum as compared to PACl with 80% dose representing lesser efficient settling of suspensions, which primarily comprise alumino-fluoro complexes that result in high residual aluminium in the treated water and this was confirmed by TEM and Zeta analysis. Moreover, the application of PACl also resulted in much lesser addition to the TDS and also required lesser lime for pH compensation due to its lower acidity. Hence this reduced dose was recommended for defluoridation. It was also observed that in case of alum, residual aluminium in treated water was 0.88 mg/L (100% dose) & 0.72 mg/L (80% dose) and in case of PACl, it was 0.52 mg/L(100% dose) & 0.41 mg/L(80% dose). After subsequent microfiltration, residual aluminium was 0.28 & 0.21 mg/L for 100% & 80% dose respectively and in case of alum and in case of PACl, it was 0.16 & 0.11 for 100% & 80% dose respectively, which conform to the Al standards(<0.2 mg/L).