• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.80-87
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the use of an alternative input device on the patient's work performance and satisfaction in patients with cerebral palsy who cannot use computers. Design: Case Series Description. Methods: The participant was one adult cerebral palsy. The three tasks were applied with an alternative input device (Quick-Glance), 1 session an hour, 3 times a week, a total of 12 times for 4 weeks. The assessment was using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). The evaluation was performed pre-test before the intervention, post-test after the last intervention, and follow-up after one month. Results: The COPM(Satisfaction and performance scores) showed 3 points for pre-test, 7 points for post-test, and 7 points for follow-up. Conclusion: Purposeful computer work activity, which is an alternative input device, has a positive effect on work performance and satisfaction of cerebral palsy patients who are difficult to use computer.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.167-178
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• 2008

Purpose: Many breastfeeding women have used complementary and alternative medicine, but the guideline for lactation does not exist on complementary medicine. This study is to investigate efficacy and safety of complementary and alternative medicine in breastfeeding. Methods: We searched for papers which had breastfeeding, complementary medicine, acupuncture and herb in the pubmed, scopus site and Korean journals. Results: 38 papers were found. Acupuncture could have the efficacy on hypogalatia and mastitis. Compound herb therapy had effect on hypogalactia, but none of herbs were investigated for safety all except for St John's wort. So more clinical trials about herbs would be needed. Massage and the other complementary therapies would be helpful for breastfeeding mother. Conclusion: Acupuncture could be a good treatment for hypogalactia and inflammation of the breast. For making guidelines on complementary and alternative medicine during lactation, more research will be needed.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2011

Development of alternative energy is needed as the fossil is started to be exhausted. This alternative energy should be environmental friendly and renewable. Currently, the alternative energy which gets the most attraction is hydrogen. Hydrogen can be produced by a number of different processes. Among those methods, hydrogen production in biological way is considered as the most environmental friendly method. However, productivity of biological hydrogen production is not good enough to be commercialized yet. Thus, many researchers are trying to improve productivity and yield of biohydrogen production. Here, progress in the diverse developmental approaches on biological hydrogen production, is reviewed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.69-79
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to suggest a guideline that can be used as a standard for consultation and review by environmental impact assessment consultation and review practitioner to enhance the practical effectiveness of creating alternative habitats. The consultation stage of environmental impact assessment was significantly divided into 1) preparation of draft environmental impact assessment reports and gathering of consensus thereon, 2) preparation of environmental impact assessment reports and consultation thereon, 3) follow-up survey of environmental impacts(under construction) and 4) follow-up survey of environmental impacts(in operation). And it was suggested that the procedures of creating alternative habitat by each consultation stage were linked in order of 1) planning, 2) designing, 3) construction, and 4) post-monitoring and maintenance. The basic principles were also proposed for each stage of consultation on environmental impact assessment and procedure for the creation of alternate habitats. Then, issues and methods to be reviewed by the consulting agency and review agency of environmental impact assessment were presented in detail. The guideline of this study provides important information not only to environmental impact assessment consultation and review practitioner, but also to developers and environmental impact assessment agents who plan, construct, and manage alternative habitats.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 2021

In this study, the difference between the preservative efficacy test (PET) used for water dispersion formulations and PCPC (personal care products council) guidelines alternative test method, direct contact membrane method, and surface mold test should be studied to determine what should be considered during preservative efficacy test of water non-dispersible formulations. We conducted improved PETs when using the alternative test method compared with the test methods used for stick and pressed powder. There was no significant improvement between water-in-silicon emulsions and loose powder using alternative test methods. When we checked the results of the presence and absence of the preservative system for each product, we could see that there were differences in testing methods. As a result, improved levels of results could be obtained using both existing and alternative test methods when measuring preservatives for water non-dispersible formulations. In addition, in the case of stick and pressed powder, the results were more effective when the preservative test method applied to the consumer's method of use was applied.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.225-235
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• 2015

Treatments for asthma are largely pharmaceutical, with some therapies also utilising alternative breathing techniques. The objective of both medical and alternative methods is to relax contracted airway smooth muscle (ASM). In normal subjects, tidal breathing- and deep inspiration-oscillations are believed to have a bronchodilatory effect. Similarly, application of length oscillations to isolated, contracted ASM also elicits muscle relaxation. As a means of investigating more-effective alternative treatment methods for contracted airways, we analyse the combined effects of bronchodilators and length oscillations on isolated, contracted ASM. The contractile state of the muscle tissue prior to treatment is of primary interest. Thereafter, the effect of applying a combination of small superimposed length oscillations with tidal breathing-like oscillations to ASM is studied alone and in combination with a common bronchodilator, isoproterenol (ISO). This work suggests that relaxation of isolated, contracted ASM following application of combined oscillations and ISO is larger than treatments of either combined oscillations or ISO alone. Further, the observed oscillation-associated relaxation is found to be amplitude- rather than frequency-dependent. This study gives additional insight into the role of oscillations and bronchodilators on contracted airways.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 2006

Effective and quick methods that are easy to carry out even by hand, or easy to be programmed by hand-held calculators are needed for assessing the sizes of contrasts of unreplicated $2^P$ factorial designs. Moreover, they have the advantage to use the original numerical measurements which makes the analysis easier to explain. Basically, Lenth (1989) is one of the most familiar of such quick and powerful methods. Later on, Aboukalam (2001) proposes under constant effects an alternative sophisticated method to Lenth's method. The proposed method is the supreme from two considerable powers. The first utmost indicates less inflation deficiency while the other utmost indicates less shrinkage deficiency. Also under constant effects, Al-Shiha (2006) introduces an alternative quick method which is less shrinkage deficiency while the inflation deficiency is the same. If effects are random, Aboukalam (2005) introduces an alternative quick method in which the first power is favored as long as the second power is within a small margin. In the spirit of quickness and fixed effects, this article adds another method which is supreme from the two considerable powers. The method is based on a one step of the scale-part of a suggested M-estimate for location. Explicitly, we suggest adapting the skipped median (ASKM) estimate. Critical values of ASKM-method, for several sample sizes often used, are empirically computed.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of hypertension-related nursing intervention programs and their effects on systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Methods: Fifteen studies were selected from four databases (Korean studies, Riss4U, RICHIS, and JKAN) published as of 2009. They were analyzed by meta-analysis method. The selected studies contained a control group with pre-test and post-test design, measured blood pressure as a dependent variable, and used a reported statistical value for blood pressure to measure the size of effects. Results: The hypertension-related nursing intervention programs were relatively effective in lowering both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, although they were more efficient to decrease diastolic pressure. Among the hypertension-related intervention programs, complementary and alternative therapies were more effective in lowering blood pressure compared to lifestyle change intervention. Conclusions: To acquire substantial data of intervention effects, and complementary and alternative therapy, subjects in pre-hypertensive stage, and elderly people, better industrial and scholastic research methods need to be developed for future research. Further studies are needed to establish complementary and alternative therapies. Studies with different group of participants and studies using effective research design are in need as well.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.647-654
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate the types of concepts about atmospheric pressure of middle school students and to design a new method to improve students' understandings on atmospheric pressure. The second grade students of the middle school has been selected and examined their pre-concepts on atmospheric pressure through questionnaires and interviews. Two groups of students have been taught using the second grade science textbooks and experimental methods designed from this study, respectively. The results suggest that we need to develope various teaching methods that can improve alternative concept as well as experimental tools that can help students understand difficult scientific concepts. The reason is that once alternative concept is occupied, it is extremely difficult to fix it. In addition, the proposed experimental methods are effective in establishing the concept and understanding on atmospheric pressure.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

The skin exposure to solar irradiation and photoreactive xenobiotics may produce abnormal skin reaction, phototoxicity. Phototoxicity is an acute light-induced response, which occurs when photoreacive chemicals are activated by solar lights and transformed into products cytotoxic against the skin cells. Multifarious symptoms of phototoxicity are identified, skin irritation, erythema, pruritis, and edema that are similar to those of the exaggerated sunburn. Diverse organic chemicals, especially drugs, are known to induce phototoxicity, which is probably from the common possession of UV-absorbing benzene or heterocyclic rings in their molecular structures. Both UVB (290~320 nm) and UVA (320~400 nm) are responsible for the manifestation of phototoxicity. Absorption of photons and absorbed energy (hv) by photoactive chemicals results in molecular changes or generates reactive oxygen species and depending on the way how endogenous molecules are affected by phototoxicants, mechanisms of phototoxcity is categorized into two modes of action: Direct when unstable species from excited state directly react with the endogenous molecules, and indirect when endogeneous molecules react with secondary photoproducts. In order to identify phototoxic potential of a chemical, various test methods have been introduced. Focus is given to animal alternative test methods, i.e., in vitro, and in chemico assays as well as in vivo. 3T3 neutral red uptake assay, erythrocyte photohemolysis test, and phototoxicity test using human 3-dimensional (3D) epidermis model are examples of in vitro assays. In chemico methods evaluate the generation of reactive oxygen species or DNA strand break activity employing plasmid for chemicals, or drugs with phototoxic potential.