• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.14-27
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• 2020

Purpose: To overcome several drawbacks of chemically-crosslinked collagen membranes, modification processes such as ultraviolet (UV) crosslinking and the addition of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) to collagen membranes have been introduced. This study evaluated the efficacy and biocompatibility of BCP-supplemented UV-crosslinked collagen membrane for guided bone regeneration (GBR) in a rabbit calvarial model. Methods: Four circular bone defects (diameter, 8 mm) were created in the calvarium of 10 rabbits. Each defect was randomly allocated to one of the following groups: 1) the sham control group (spontaneous healing); 2) the M group (defect coverage with a BCP-supplemented UV-crosslinked collagen membrane and no graft material); 3) the BG (defects filled with BCP particles without membrane coverage); and 4) the BG+M group (defects filled with BCP particles and covered with a BCP-supplemented UV-crosslinked collagen membrane in a conventional GBR procedure). At 2 and 8 weeks, rabbits were sacrificed, and experimental defects were investigated histologically and by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Results: In both micro-CT and histometric analyses, the BG and BG+M groups at both 2 and 8 weeks showed significantly higher new bone formation than the control group. On micro-CT, the new bone volume of the BG+M group (48.39±5.47 ㎣) was larger than that of the BG group (38.71±2.24 ㎣, P=0.032) at 8 weeks. Histologically, greater new bone area was observed in the BG+M group than in the BG or M groups. BCP-supplemented UV-crosslinked collagen membrane did not cause an abnormal cellular reaction and was stable until 8 weeks. Conclusions: Enhanced new bone formation in GBR can be achieved by simultaneously using bone graft material and a BCP-supplemented UV-crosslinked collagen membrane, which showed high biocompatibility and resistance to degradation, making it a biocompatible alternative to chemically-crosslinked collagen membranes.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.267-273
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• 2000

Objectives: We have previous reported that thawed testicular sperm and sperm extracted from seminiferous tubule could achieved optimal fertilization and pregnancy in azoospermic patients. However, thawed testicular sperm did not show motility in many cases. Therefore we studied viability of immotile sperm extracted from frozen-thawed seminiferous tubule using hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test and eosin-Y test. Materials and Methods: After sperm extraction using for ICSI, the remained sections of seminiferous tubules were frozen with a computerized freezer. For thawing and preparation of testicular sperm, the seminiferous tubules were thawed by removing from $LN_2$ and letting them at room temperature for 10 min followed by %37^{\circ}C$ water bath for 10 min. The prepared samples were washed for free of preservation medium and sperm preparation method described previous. Sperm was suspended in 0.1 ml hypoosmotic solution. After 30 minutes, the type of distally coiled sperm were assessed. Results: In 44 cases of cryopreservation of seminiferous tubules in obstructive azoospennic patients, the fertilization rates with 2PN were 71.4% and pregnancy rates were 34.1%. The presence of motile spermatozoa on subsequent post-thaw testicular sperm remarked 15.1% and were increased to 77.3% just before ICSI. After sperm extracted from frozen-thawed seminiferous tubule, 3 hrs later in in vitro culture, the cases of presence of motile sperm, reaction of hypo-osmotic swelling test and viable sperm were 63.6% (28/44), 93.2% (41/44), and 77.3% (34/44), respectively. Conclusions: Just after post-thawed testicular sperm did not showed motility. Although motility was gained after in vitro culture, many cases showed non-motile sperm until optimal insemination time. However, HOS test showed positive reaction in non-motile sperm. Therefore, HOS test is an alternative method for the selection of viable sperm for ICSI.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.294-300
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• 2005

Contents of total aerobic bacteria, coliform, Escherichia coli, yeast, mold, and Staphylococcus aureus in meat, dairy, and fishery products were analyzed by dry rehydratable film method using 3M $Petrifilm^{TM}$ and compared against those obtained through conventional method. Two methods showed high correlations of 0.990-0.999, 0.975-0.999, 0.979-0.987, 0.978-0.984, and 0.999 for total aerobic bacteria, yeast and mold, coliform, E. coli, and S. aureus, respectively; therefore, dry rehydratable film method using 3M $Petrifilm^{TM}$ offers acceptable alternative to conventional method for enumeration of microorganisms in meat, dairy, and fishery products.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.212-232
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• 2011

The main objective of this study is to establish a population projection method based on the biregional cohort-component method and to apply it to population projections for Busan. Some drawbacks of using the net migration cohort-component method in a regional or local level population projection are demonstrated. A biregional cohort-component method, a variant of the interregional cohort-component method, is established as an alternative where in-migration and out-migration are separately considered and then are combined to produce a projection for the migration component. Predicated on the established method, population projections for Busan are undertaken for the period of 2005~2030 under three different scenarios. Considerably different projection results are obtained between the net migration and biregional methods; among others, the trend of population decline is more severe in the former than in the latter. An investigation of the temporal trend of the projected population shows that the proposed method is highly reasonable. In conclusion, the proposed method based on the biregional cohort-component method seems not only to be theoretically more robust than the net migration cohort-component method but also to be very effective in the real world application.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.219-243
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• 2017

This study aims to provide alternative strategies for promoting active engagement of users in participatory archives. It focuses on users and their active participation in digital archives beyond providing simple participation opportunities. In doing so, the study reviewed relevant literature that analyzes interpretation and development of participatory digital archives. Moreover, it examined several cases of participatory digital archives as to how they apply for user participation, policy, and service. As a general property, main participants, duration, and technology were examined. Technology was further subdivided into open source software, availability of Open API, availability of mobile web, and offline archives. Participation method was divided into active participation, hub participation, and passive participation according to degree of user participation, and the participation functions provided by each archive were compared and analyzed. In policy area, terms of use, personal information processing policy, copyright policy, collection policy, major collections, scope of collections, classification methods, and descriptive elements of each archive were discussed. Services were divided into content, search, and communication area. Based on such analysis, this study proposed ways for promoting active engagement of users in participatory digital archives in terms of participation, policy, content service, and communication service.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.432-444
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• 2003

Purpose: This study attempted to verify the effect of Koryo hand therapy on menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea among college students. Method: This study performed the quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent control group and the pre and post-test design from August 28 to November 4, 2002. The subjects of this experimental study consisted of 64 college students in the nursing college of K University in D city and K college students in K city, who had more than 5.0 GRS score of menstrual cramps. Among them, 16 people belonged to the experimental group A by using Ceramic Seo Am moxa therapy, 16 to the experimental group B by using Seo Am pellet therapy, 16 to the experimental group C by using combination of Ceramic Seo Am moxa therapy and Seo Am pellet therapy and 16 to the control group. Three different kinds of methods were used three times per week for $5{\sim}6$ weeks(a total of $15{\sim}18$ times) interventions were completed. For the experimental group, A Ceramic Seo Am moxa therapy was given for 40 minutes per each treatment; for the experimental group, B Seo Am pellet therapy was given for 4 hours: for the experimental group, C combination of Ceramic Seo Am moxa therapy and Seo Am pellet therapy was given. To measure menstrual cramps, the graphic rating scale (GRS) was used and to measure dysmenorrheal, a dysmenorrhea scale (15 contents) was used, which was modified from Han &Hur's scale (13 contents). Cronbach's was 0.78 in the pre-test, 0.83 in the first post-test, 0.89 in the following post-test. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, 2 test, repeated measures ANOVA, time contrast test and Sheffe test with the SPSS/Win 11.0 program. Results: ? The first hypothesis, 'Among the experimental group A by using Ceramic Seo Am moxa therapy, the experimental group B by using Seo Am pellet therapy and the experimental group C by using combination of Ceramic Seo Am moxa therapy and Seo Am pellet therapy will have different graphic rating scores of menstrual cramps', was supported (F=6.77, p=0.000, Interaction: p=0.000). ? The second hypothesis, 'Among the experimental group A by using Ceramic Seo Am moxa therapy, the experimental group B by using Seo Am pellet therapy, the experimental group C by using combination of Ceramic Seo Am moxa therapy and Seo Am pellet therapy and the control group will have a significantly different level of dysmenorrhea', was supported (F=6.88, p=0.000, Interaction: p=0.000). From the above results, it can be an effective nursing intervention to give Koryo hand therapy to college students who have menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: These findings indicate that Koryo hand therapy could be applied to improve the quality of life and to prevent drug misuse among college students who are physically, mentally and psychologically suffering from menstrual cramps and dysmenorrhea. Furthermore, Koryo hand therapy could be developed as an effective Korean alternative and complementary care in the future. and it could also provide a guideline to apply Koryo hand therapy to other pain and difficulties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1019-1022
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• 2007

Recent construction projects are becoming larger, more complex and higher rising. Accordingly, necessity of the VE is emphasized as more suitable for expense, function and quality. However, the VE is not functional because of difficulty of application process or of the methods in use in the field of construction. One of the alternative is to introduce the incentive system to activate the VE in the field of construction. By using the incentive system, employers can reduce the relevant project's prime cost and builders will maximize profit creation. In domestic case, they presented the systematic support policy 'Technical development compensation system' which is similar to the 1992 American's VE incentive system about builder's technical development effort but the result was not positive. This study investigates both domestic and other country's construction VE incentive system and reported problems in the construction VE incentive system to executives and construction VE experts. From this survey, conclusions were drawn about problems in the domestic construction VE incentive system's similarity system: 'Insufficiency of the construction VE incentive's article and standards', 'Insufficiency of the appraiser of the construction VE and of the full charge department' etc. I had interviews with the experts of the construction VE which were based on the above-mentioned problems and then presented 'Improvement of the construction VE's incentive system relevant law and system', 'Construction VE experts and construction formation' etc. for ways to bring acceptance of the construction VE in the construction industry.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.551-556
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to suggest a systematic and scientific method for measurement of children's growth development, in which the accuracy of existing diagnosis method has not been concretely examined yet. The most popular method for diagnosis of children's growth is to analyze the opening degree of growth plate in each joint by X-ray image. However, X-ray method has some disadvantages; it is impossible to measure the diagnosis of growth periodically and repeatedly due to the radiation problem. Hence, this study introduced a profile analysis and the algorithm of analyzing the image of growth plate with the BUA(Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation) of calcaneus, to verify the possibility of alternative ultrasonic method harmless to human body. We obtained the images of growth plate in proximal tibiae, phalanges, and calcanei of 269 children (7∼16 years old) with X-ray. And the image of growth plate in calcanei was also obtained front those children with ultrasound. The results showed that the time of the opening degree of growth plate in each joint was almost consistent between X-ray and ultrasonic images. Also, the images of growth plate measured by X-ray and ultrasound showed the high correlation. Therefore, it is expected that the algorithm of ultrasonic profile analysis introduced in this study can replace the existing X-ray method to measure the growth plate correctly.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 2006

Statement of problem: The titanium has advantages of a high biocompatibility, a corrosion resistence, low density, and cheep price, so it is focused as a substituted alloy But it is quite difficult to cast with the tranditional method due to the high melting point, reacivity with element at, elevated temperature. By using the CAD-CAM system for the crown construction, it is possible to reduce the errors while proceeding the wax-up, investing, and casting procedure Purpose: The purposes of this study were to measure the marginal adaptation of the casting titanium coping and machine-milled titanium coping according to the casting methods and the marginal configurations. Material and method: The marginal configurations were used chamfer shoulder, and beveled shoulder. The total 30 copings were used, and these are divided into 6 groups according to the manufacturing method and marginal configuration. The gap between margin of the model and the restoration was measured with 3-dimensional measuring microscope. Results: The following results were obtained; 1. casting gold coping demonstrated the best marginal seal, followed by casting titanium coping finally machine-milled titanium copings. 2. In casting titanium coping, chamfer demonstrated the best marginal seal, followed by shoulder and beveled shoulder. There was no significantly difference in shoulder and beveled shoulder. But all margin form has clinically acceptable 3. In machine-milled titanium copings, chamfer demonstrated the best marginal seal, followed by shoulder and beveled shoulder. Beveled shoulder show large and uneven marginal gap Conclusions: Above result revealed that marginal adaptation of the titanim coping is avail able in the clinical range, it can be used as an alternative metal and it is prefered especially in chamfer or shoulder margin during implant superstructure fabrication. But there should be more research on machine-milled titanium in order to use it in the clinics.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2010

Printing technologies have been indicated as alternative methods for patterning conductive, semi-conductive or insulative materials on account of their low-cost, large-area patternability and pattern flexibility. For application of the printing technologies in manufacture of semiconductor or display modules, ink or paste composed of nanoparticles, solvent and additives are basically needed. Here, we report recent advances in eco-friendly nano-ink technology for semiconductor and display technology. Then, we will introduce an eco-friendly ink formation technology developed in our group with an example of manufacturing $SiO_2$ nanopowders and inks. We tried to manufacture ultrafine $SiO_2$ nanoparticles by applying a low-temperature synthetic method, and then attempted to fabricate the printed $SiO_2$ film onto the glass substrate to see whether the $SiO_2$ nanoparticles are feasible for the printing or not. Finally, the electrical characteristics of the films were measured to investigate the effect of the manufacturing parameters.