• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.421-441
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• 2017

In this survey, estimation methods for structural vector autoregressive models are presented in a systematic way. Both frequentist and Bayesian methods are considered. Depending on the model setup and type of restrictions, least squares estimation, instrumental variables estimation, method-of-moments estimation and generalized method-of-moments are considered. The methods are presented in a unified framework that enables a practitioner to find the most suitable estimation method for a given model setup and set of restrictions. It is emphasized that specifying the identifying restrictions such that they are linear restrictions on the structural parameters is helpful. Examples are provided to illustrate alternative model setups, types of restrictions and the most suitable corresponding estimation methods.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.325-343
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• 2012

We present different numerical methods for solving the shallow shelf equations with basal drag (SSAB). An alternative approach of splitting the SSAB equation into a Laplacian and diagonal shift operator is discussed with respect to the underlying eigenvalue problem. First, we solve the equations using standard methods. Then, the coupled equations are decomposed into operators for membranes stresses, basal shear stress and driving stress. Applying reasonable parameter values, we demonstrate that the operator of the membrane stresses is much stiffer than the operator of the basal shear stress. Here, we could apply a new splitting method, which alternates between the iteration on the membrane-stress operator and the basal-shear operator, with a more frequent iteration on the operator of the membrane stresses. We show that this splitting accelerates and stabilize the computational performance of the numerical method, although an appropriate choice of the standard method used to solve for all operators in one step speeds up the scheme as well.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.1293-1299
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• 2010

Daegu urban railroad line 3 is introduced with straddle-type monorail system within the country at the first time. This system is long line with 24km in total length which has not the results of construction in Korea. The rail beam of monorail bridge to be constructed/ installed in the city is adopted on the basis of the PSC rail beam. It is required to apply the steel rail beam at rapid/ curved line parts or location to be required the long span bridge as passing river and intersection. The composition of span bridge is various and the height of bridge is change with each section and exist the different curve radius due to all section is passes in the city. The rail beam shall be considered the ground conditions and then consider the construction methods. It is analyzed to construction period of PSC rail beam to be linked with period of infrastructure construction and construction of steel rail beam, structure construction of station etc. It is compared to crane construction methods and launching girder as alternative construction methods and propose to upper construction methods which is superior in economic and construction.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.235-241
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to review dysmenorrhea and its relief methods in nursing students by using base data for reducing dysmenorrhea. Method: The subjects were 92 students, data were collected by questionnaire surveys using convenience sampling and analyzed by the SPSS 12.0 program. Results: Medium amount of menstruation was most frequently answered and massage on painful sites was the most frequently used relief method(p<0.05). Frequency of medication was once a day during menstrual period, and methods that the most wanted to use when pain got severe was alternative methods(aroma, massage, and acupuncture)(p<0.05). Amount of menstruation showed a negative correlation with the duration(r=-0.32), dysmenorrhea was correlated with the severest days of dysmenorrhea(r=0.24) and the frequency of medication(r=-0.23). Conclusion: These results suggested that dysmenorrhea was correlated with the severest days of dysmenorrhea and the frequency of medication, but other variables showed no relations with menstrual characteristics.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.391-407
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• 2023

This article provides a survey of wet (aqueous) methods for recovery, separation, and purification of uranium from fission products in carbonate solutions during the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel and methods for removal of radionuclides from alkaline radioactive waste. The main methods such as selective direct precipitation, ion exchange, and solvent extraction are considered. These methods were compared and evaluated for reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel in carbonate media according to novel alternative non-acidic methods and for treatment processes of alkaline radioactive waste.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.344-349
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the knowledge levels and attitudes of School of Health and Vocational School of Health students toward complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Methods: Three hundred thirty-three (333) students studying at the Mehmet Akif Ersoy University School of Health and the Golhisar Vocational School of Health in Burdur, Turkey, were included in the study. Research data were collected by using a survey method based on the expressed opinions of the participants. Results: Of the participants, 69.7% were female and 97% were single (unmarried). Of cigarette users and those with chronic illnesses, 46.8% and 47.8%, respectively, used CAM. Those using CAM were statistically more likely to be female (P < 0.021), to have higher grades (P < 0.007), to be single (P < 0.005), to be vocational school of health graduates (P < 0.008), and to have fathers at work (P < 0.021). While 9.6% of the students thought CAM to be nonsense, 10.8% thought that the methods of CAM should be tried before consulting a doctor. Conclusion: A majority of the students in the study population were found to use complementary and alternative medicine, but that they lacked information about its methods. As a way to address this, CAM should be included in the curriculum of schools that provide health education, and CAM training programs should be given to healthcare professionals to improve their knowledge of CAM. In Turkey, many more studies should be performed to determine nurses' and doctors' knowledge of and attitudes about CAM methods so that they can give correct guidance to society and take more active responsibility in improving patient safety.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4789-4792
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• 2012

Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate complementary and alternative medicine use among breast cancer survivors in Taiwan. Materials and Methods: This study employed a descriptive research design approach to detail the CAM use among the target population. Convenience sampling was used along with a structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 230 breast cancer survivors completed the use CAM scale. Prayer, reading books, taking antioxidants, eating various grains, and maintaining a vegetarian diet proved to be the five most frequently used CAM practices among patients in our study. More than 50.0% of the participants reported praying occasionally. More than 40.0% of participants read books occasionally, and 38.7% stated that they occasionally take antioxidants. Conclusions: These results provide more insight into CAM use for nurses who care for breast cancer patients.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2011

Thin film solar cells with chalcopyrite $CuInSe_2/Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ absorber materials, commonly known as "CIS/CIGS solar cells" have recently attracted significant research interest as a potential alternative energy-harvesting system for the next generation. Among the different deposition techniques available for the CIGS absorber layer, electrodeposition is an effective and low cost alternative to vacuum based deposition methods. This article reviews progress in the area of CIGS solar cells with an emphasis on electrodeposited absorber layer. Existing challenges in fabrication of stoichiometric absorber layer are highlighted.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.177-182
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• 2012

A structural break in the level as well as in the innovation variance has often been exhibited in economic time series. In this paper we propose robust unit root tests based on a sign-type test statistic when a time series has a shift in its level and the corresponding volatility. The proposed tests are robust to a wide class of partially stationary processes with heavy-tailed errors, and have an exact binomial null distribution. Our tests are not affected by the size or location of the break. We set the structural break under the null and the alternative hypotheses to relieve a possible vagueness in interpreting test results in empirical work. The null hypothesis implies a unit root process with level shifts and the alternative connotes a stationary process with level shifts. The Monte Carlo simulation shows that our tests have stable size than the OLSE based tests.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.499-509
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• 2020

We compared and analyzed the relationship between vote intention, vote expectation, and party approval rate using the 19th Presidential Election and the 7th Nationwide Simultaneous Local Election (Regional Local Government Election) poll data. The case study provides an alternative method of predicting the winner using vote expectation and a party approval rate that can improve the accuracy of election forecasting.