• 생물정신의학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2000

As the clinical practice of using more than one drug at a time increase, the clinician is faced with ever-increasing number of potential drug interactions. Although many interactions have little clinical significances, some may interfere with treatment or even be life-threatening. This review provides a better understanding of drug-drug interactions often encountered in pharmacotherapy of depression. Drug interactions can be grouped into two principal subdivisions : pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic. These subgroups serve to focus attention on possible sites of interaction as a drug moves from the site of administration and absorption to its site of action. Pharmacokinetic processes are those that include transport to and from the receptor site and consist of absorption, distribution on body tissue, plasma protein binding, metabolism, and excretion. Pharmacodynamic interactions occur at biologically active sites. In this review, emphasis is placed on antidepressant medications, how they are metabolized by the P450 system, and how they alter the metabolism of other drugs. When prescribing antidepressant medications, the clinician must consider the drug-drug interactions that are potentially problematic.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2015

Graphene has attracted much attention due to its remarkable physical properties and potential applications in many fields. In special, the electronic properties of graphene are influenced by the number of layer, stacking sequence, edge state, and doping of foreign elements. Recently, many efforts have been dedicated to alter the electronic properties by doping of various species, such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, ammonia and etc. Here, we report our recent results of plasma doping on graphene. We prepared mechanically exfoliated graphene, and performed the plasma treatment using ammonia gas for nitrogen doping. The direct-current plasma system was used for plasma ignition. The doping level was estimated from the number of peak shift of G-band in Raman spectra. The upshift of G-band was observed after ammonia plasma treatment, which implies electron doping to graphene.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.285-296
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• 2015

Oxidative stress has been linked to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, the complication of diabetes in the kidney. NADPH oxidases of the Nox family, and in particular the homologue Nox4, are a major source of reactive oxygen species in the diabetic kidney and are critical mediators of redox signaling in glomerular and tubulointerstitial cells exposed to the diabetic milieu. Here, we present an overview of the current knowledge related to the understanding of the role of Nox enzymes in the processes that control mesangial cell, podocyte and tubulointerstitial cell injury induced by hyperglycemia and other predominant factors enhanced in the diabetic milieu, including the renin-angiotensin system and transforming growth factor-${\beta}$. The nature of the upstream modulators of Nox enzymes as well as the downstream targets of the Nox NADPH oxidases implicated in the propagation of the redox processes that alter renal biology in diabetes will be highlighted.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to propose an interactive method, which is designed to select the optimal preferred alter-native for the MLDM(Multiple-the Larger-the better type Decision-Making) problems with the-larger-the-better quality characteristics. The basic idea of the paper is essentially to eliminate inefficient alternative based on the concept of Taguchi Signal-to-Noise ratios and the cutting range instead of using UVF(Utility/value Function) on the group of attributes that can be considered importantly by the decision makers. As a result, the method proposed in the paper for MLDM problems can be significant in that the change of characteristics is transformed into the size of Signal-to-Noise ratio, which can be relatively easy to understand by decision makers.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.233-241
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• 1998

This study Is concerned with properties of a thermal convection in a stably stratified Boussinesq fluid caused by partial heating at the lower boundary. For thins purpose, two-dimensional, nonrotating system was employed. U the heating is very strong, convection takes the form of a turbulent plume. Othenuse, remains laminar. If the partial heating at the bottom boundary Is symmetric. the convection takes the form of a trubuient plume. Otherwise remains but beating form Is not so signiacant as to alter the vergence in the lower layer at the center of the partial heating area. The temperature perturbation is characterized by the temperature 'Cross-Over' over the partial heating area. These features are cleared ac- cording to the Increase of temperature difference between the center and side part of the bottom boundary.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2011

Glycosylation is a key mechanism in determining diversity of natural products, and influencing their bioactivities. This approach requires a core set of glycosyltransferase that synthesizes the diverse sugar structures observed in nature. Recently, the researchers have begun to alter the sugar moiety and glycosylation patterns of natural products both in vivo E. coli system and in vitro for their glycodiversification. This review highlights new glycosylation tools using microbialproduced deoxysugar and a flexible glycosyltransferase on natural plant-flavonoids to generate novel glycoforms with useful biological activity.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2018

This paper describes procedures of changing and measuring voice quality in terms of jitter. Jitter synthesis method was applied to the TD-PSOLA analysis system of the Praat software. The jitter component is synthesized based on a Gaussian random noise model. The TD-PSOLA re-synthesize process is used to synthesize the modified voice with artificial jitter. Various vocal jitter parameters are used to measure the change in quality caused by artificial systematic jitter change. Synthetic vowels, natural vowels and short sentences are used to check the change in voice quality through the synthesizer model. The results shows that the suggested method is useful for voice quality control in a limited way and can be used to alter the jitter component of voice.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.271-282
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• 2019

Concrete undergoes a series of thermo-based physio-chemical changes once exposed to elevated temperatures. Such changes adversely alter the composition of concrete and oftentimes lead to fire-induced explosive spalling. Spalling is a multidimensional, complex and most of all sophisticated phenomenon with the potential to cause significant damage to fire-exposed concrete structures. Despite past and recent research efforts, we continue to be short of a systematic methodology that is able of accurately assessing the tendency of concrete to spall under fire conditions. In order to bridge this knowledge gap, this study explores integrating novel artificial intelligence (AI) techniques; namely, artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and genetic algorithm (GA), together with traditional statistical analysis (multilinear regression (MLR)), to arrive at state-of-the-art procedures to predict occurrence of fire-induced spalling. Through a comprehensive datadriven examination of actual fire tests, this study demonstrates that AI techniques provide attractive tools capable of predicting fire-induced spalling phenomenon with high precision.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1157-1169
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• 2021

Modern graphics processor unit (GPU) architectures offer significant hardware resource enhancements for parallel computing. However, without software optimization, GPUs continuously exhibit hardware resource underutilization. In this paper, we indicate the need to alter different warp scheduler schemes during different kernel execution periods to improve resource utilization. Existing warp schedulers cannot be aware of the kernel progress to provide an effective scheduling policy. In addition, we identified the potential for improving resource utilization for multiple-warp-scheduler GPUs by sharing stalling warps with selected warp schedulers. To address the efficiency issue of the present GPU, we coordinated the kernel-aware warp scheduler and warp sharing mechanism (KAWS). The proposed warp scheduler acknowledges the execution progress of the running kernel to adapt to a more effective scheduling policy when the kernel progress attains a point of resource underutilization. Meanwhile, the warp-sharing mechanism distributes stalling warps to different warp schedulers wherein the execution pipeline unit is ready. Our design achieves performance that is on an average higher than that of the traditional warp scheduler by 7.97% and employs marginal additional hardware overhead.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.173-187
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• 2022

Recent studies have focused on self-management of hypertension using smart devices (cellular phones, tablets, watches). It has proven to be an effective tool for early detection and control of high Blood Pressure (BP) without affecting patients' daily routines. This systematic review surveys the existing self-monitoring systems, evaluate their effectiveness and compares the different approaches. We investigated the current systems in terms of various attributes, including methods used, sample size, type of investigation, inputs/ outputs, rate of success in controlling BP, group of users with higher response rate and beneficiaries, acceptability, and adherence to the system. We identified some limitations, shortcomings, and gaps in the research conducted recently studying the impact of mobile technology on managing hypertension. These shortcomings can generate future research opportunities and enable it to become more realistic and adaptive. We recommended including more observable factors and human behaviors that affect BP. Furthermore, we suggested that vital monitoring/logging and medication tuning are insufficient to improve hypertension control. There is also a need to observe and alter patient behavior and lifestyles.