• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.15-19
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• 2005

The aim of this study is to provide some information on frequencies of occurrence for units of Korean phonemes and syllables analysing spontaneous speech spoken by 3 to 8-year-old Korean children. 49 Korean Children(7${\sim}$10 children for each age) were employed as subjects for this study. Speech data were recorded and phonemically transcribed. 120 utterances for each child were selected for analysis except one child whose data were only 91 utterances. The data size of the present study were 5,971 utterances, 5,1554 syllables, and 105491 phonemes. Among 19 consonants, /n/ showed highest frequency rate of these four conson ants were over 50% for all age groups. Among 18 vowels, /a/ was the most frequent one and /i/ and / ${\wedge}$ were the second and third respectively. The frequency rate of these four consonants were over 50% for all age groups. Frequently occurring syllable types were a part of grammatical word in most cases. Only 5${\sim}$6% of syllable types covered 50% of speech.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.241-260
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• 2012

Adult chironomids were collected by various methods, such as light traps, sweeping on grasses, aspiration of light-attracted adults, and sweeping of swarming males with insect nets at various localities. All collected specimens were slide-mounted and identified. I report eight species new to science: Chironomus jangchungensis n. sp., Demicryptochironomus paracamptolabis n. sp., Demicryptochironomus wontongensis n. sp., Microtendipes paratamagouti n. sp., Polypedilum macrohemisphere n. sp., Eukiefferiella busanensis n. sp., Psectrocladius paratogaminimus n. sp., and Pseudosmittia seosania n. sp. I also report four species for the first time in Korea: Chironomus fujiprimus Sasa, Pentapedilum convexum Johannsen, Tanytarsus smolandicus Brundin, and Tanytarsus oyamai Sasa. All species are fully described with illustrations. This is the first report of the genera Eukiefferiella and Pseudosmittia in Korea.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 1984

The author reviewed four cases of multiple lung metastases who were treated by whole lung irradiation alone for palliation. All patients tolerated the treatment well without complication. Two patients who had symptoms from pulmonary metastases had subjective relief of symptoms and all four patients had objective regression of lung metastases on repeat chest X-rays. Present report and review of literature support that some selected patients with multiple lung metastases can be benefited by whole lung Irradiation. However, systemic chemotherapy should be main modality of treatment for this kind of disseminated disease whenever possible.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2006

Purpose : The purpose is to assess the effects of muscle activity of normal person with contact laterally wedged insoles with strapping of varying elevations of 9, 15, 21mm. Methods : The subjects were adult males and women who had not experienced any knee injury. They were asked to performed from isometric contraction exerciese in four postures using lateral wedged. The normalized EMG activity levels(%MVC) of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, soleus for the four postures of the lower extremities were compared using one way repeted measures ANOVA. Results : Comparison of EMG amplitudes across all postures revealed no significant differences among all muscles(P>0.05). Conclusion : Further studies of the effect of wedged insole angle on knee varus torque in patients with medial-lateral knee osteoarthritis are needed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.149-156
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of acupotomy for patients with Lumbar intervertebral disc Herniation. Methods : We treated Four patients who have HIVD of L-spine with acupotomy. Visual analog scores(VAS) and Oswestry Low-back pain Disabiliby Index(ODI) were compared before-treatment with after-tretment. When the patients is discharged, the satisfaction of acupotomy were graded by Five-point Likert scale. Results : VAS and ODI were decreased at all case. Likert scale point were cheked as grade 4 at all case. Conclusions : This study shows acupotomy has useful effect on HIVD of L-spine.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.409-416
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• 2010

Fusarium species, a large group of plant pathogens, potentially pose quarantine concerns worldwide. Here, we focus on the development of a method for detecting four Fusarium species in quarantined plants in Korea: F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae, F. stilboides, F. redolens, and F. semitectum var. majus. Species-specific primers were designed from the nucleotide sequences of either the translation elongation factor-1 alpha (TEF1) gene or RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2) gene. Two different primer sets derived from TEF1, all specific to F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae, were able to differentiate the two races (1 and 2) of this species. A set of nested primers for each race was designed to confirm the PCR results. Similarly, two primer sets derived from RPB2 successfully amplified specific fragments from five F. stilboides isolates grouped within a single phylogenetic clade. A specific TEF1 primer set amplified a DNA fragment from only four of the 12 F. redolens strains examined, which were grouped within a single phylogenetic clade. All of the F. semitectum var. majus isolates could be specifically detected with a single RPB2 primer set. The specificity of the primer sets developed here was confirmed using a total of 130 Fusarium isolates.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pulpal responses of dental adhesive resins. A total of 40 cavities of the permanent healthy teeth from 4 dogs were prepared. In the experimental group, the cavities were etched for 1 minute with citric acid and filled with experimental resins (ie. Super-Bond C & B$^{(R)}$). In the control group, the cavities were filled with calcium hydroxide base materials (ie. Dycal$^{(R)}$) without etching. The dogs were sacrificed at one, two, three and four weeks after the time of filling and the specimens were routinely prepared and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. The microscopic findings were as follows: Infiltration of inflammatory cells was not observed in both experimental and control groups. Change in the odontoblastic layer was not observed in all control groups but severe swelling was observed in deep dental pulp tissue of the control two and three week cases. Pulp tissue was recovered with plenty of fibrous component in the control four week case and reparative dentin formation was not occurred in all cases. Slight changes of the odontoblastic layer beneath the cavity were observed in the experimental one week case. In experimental two and three week cases, swelling of deep pulp tissue was increased and localized reparative dentin formation was observed. In the experimental four week case, odontoblastic layer was recovered with regular appearance and fibrous component of the pulp was increased, but reparative dentin formation was not evident.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.85-97
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• 2018

For a further understanding of the Chinese consumer, this study investigated 1) the effects of aesthetic consciousness on make-up attitude, and 2) the differences in the effect of aesthetics consciousness on make-up attitude among age groups. An online survey was conducted on female consumers belonging to the post-80s and 90s generations, living in Xian China. SPSS 24.0 and Amos 18.0 was used for data analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis for the research variables were performed and three factors of aesthetic consciousness (social relations consideration, internal consideration, and external consideration), and four factors of make-up attitude (psychological pleasure, self-satisfaction, consciousness of others, and tool of transformation) were identified. The results from the model test were : 1) aesthetics consciousness was found to vary depending on make-up attitude. Social relations consideration had a positive effects on psychological pleasure, self-satisfaction, and tool of transformation. Internal consideration had a positive effect on self-satisfaction and tool of transformation, and a negative effect on psychological pleasure. External consideration had positive effects on all four factors of make-up attitude. 2) In the post-80s participants, social relations consideration and external consideration had positive effects on all four factors of make-up attitude. Internal consideration s had a negative effect on consciousness of others and a positive effect on tool of transformation. In the post-90s participants, social relations consideration had positive effects on psychological pleasure, self-satisfaction, and tool of transformation. Internal consideration had positive effects on psychological pleasure and self-satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.65-72
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• 2023

PURPOSE: This study assessed the influence of bilateral coordination exercises on unstable support surfaces on leg muscle activation and balance in stroke patients. METHODS: Two groups were recruited for comparison: an experimental group of 10 individuals who performed bilateral coordination exercises on unstable surfaces and a control group of 10 individuals who performed the same exercises on stable surfaces. All participants were assigned randomly. Pre-tests were conducted to measure the leg muscle activation and balance levels of the participants prior to the experiment. The intervention was comprised of three 30-minute weekly sessions for four weeks, followed by a post-test after the four-week period. RESULTS: Significant differences were identified within the experimental group in relation to all muscles (p < .01) and balance (p < .05). Within the control group, significant differences were identified in relation to the rectus femoris muscle, biceps femoris muscle, and balance (p < .05). Significant differences between the two groups were only observed in relation to the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Only the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles showed significant differences between the two groups. This effectiveness may be attributed to using an ankle strategy to maintain body balance during exercise on unstable surfaces.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.5-16
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• 2017

Purpose - This study empirically analyzes the effects of social responsibility activities (legal, charitable, environmental, ethical) of franchised chain hotels on customer value and SNS citizenship behavior. Furthermore, this study examines mediating role of customer value on SNS citizenship behavior. Design, data, and methodology - A survey was conducted on customers residing in Korea who had visited the franchised chain hotels in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and other regions, over a period of three months (from October 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016). There were a total of 426 valid samples, and the hypotheses were tested through hierarchical analysis. Results - First, among the social responsibility activities of franchised chain hotels, all four factors of legal, charitable, environmental, and ethical responsibilities had a statistically significant positive effect on customer value. Second, among the social responsibility activities of franchised chain hotels, all four factors had a statistically significant positive effect on SNS citizenship behavior. Third, customer value had a statistically significant positive effect on SNS citizenship behavior. Conclusions - Since social responsibility activities are utilized as a means of direct marketing, for creating and selling images of products and services of franchised chain hotels, it is necessary to become a fixed form of corporate culture.