• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.301-305
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• 1998

The Power measurement that can measure a single quantity does not smooth to install a system, and are not convenient to use. These measuring values are vary difficult for mutual operation and analyzing, and that have too many problems to compile measured databases. If each single measured values are mutual assist, correction and reform, the system will be able to be improved by minimizing differences between measure quantities and as making many different measurement system (Voltage, Current, Power and Resistor) is installed in one system. This study is useful to develope the power measurement system that is easier to analyze and management by database all of the parameter values because the power measurement system is able to be interbased with PC as requirement of industralization and information age.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2023

Little is known of the life history of Garcinia kola; the objective of this study, therefore, was to assess the fruiting age and tree size of the species in a coastal humid tropical climate plantation condition. A total 103 trees were used in the study viz; 80 ten-year-old trees at reproductive maturity onset and 13 thirty-year-old trees with several cycles of reproduction that constitute two independent variables. Data collected were age of onset of flowering and size at reproductive maturity onset. Relative size at reproductive maturity onset (RSOM) was estimated as size at reproductive maturity onset (SOM) divided by asymptotic maximal size (AMS). Data analysis was conducted using pairwise t-test and principal component analysis (PCA). Reproductive maturity onset (flowering) was recorded in the ten-year-old stand eight (8) years after planting. Mean size at reproductive maturity onset (SOM) was height 5.32±1.7 m, dbh 0.11±0.03 m, total number of branches was 29.6±7.3, crown depth 5.24±1.05 m, crown diameter was 4.78±0.7 m, branch diameter 0.098±0.01 m, leaf length 0.13±0.02 m, leaf breadth 0.37±0.01 m, twig length 0.35±0.11 m and leaf per twig 6±0.84 and asymptotic maximal size (AMS) was height 19.85±0.76 m, dbh 0.95±0.09 m, total number of branches 62±5, crown depth 18.83±0.7 m, crown diameter 12.5±1.64 m, branch diameter 0.5±1.6 m, leaf length 0.16±0.023 m, leaf breadth 0.45±0.12 m, twig length 0.37±0.11 m and leaf per twig 19±7.5. Pairwise t-test analysis showed there was significant differences between SOM and AMS in all growth factors except leaf length, leaf breadth, and twig length. Highest relative size at reproductive maturity onset (RSOM) was recorded in leaf length 0.82, twig length 0.82, and leaf breadth 0.80, while, the lowest was branch diameter 0.11. Four components out of the total of eleven were extracted to explain the relationship in RSOM: Principal component one (PC1) explained 37.23%; PC2 26.4%, PC3 22.73%, and PC4 13.64%.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.1246-1254
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• 2024

Objective: The goal of the current study was to investigate the impact of various concentrations of xylanase in energy-deficient corn-based diets on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and digesta viscosity in broilers from 7 to 35 days of age. Methods: A total of 280 seven-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated to one of the five dietary treatments following a completely randomized design with 8 replicates and 7 birds per cage. The treatments were: i) positive control (PC, without xylanase); ii) NC-1 (80 kcal/kg ME reduced from PC); iii) NC-2 (100 kcal/kg ME reduced from PC); iv) NCX-1 (NC-1 + 2,000 U/kg xylanase); and v) NCX-2 (NC-2 + 3,000 U/kg xylanase). Body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were determined weekly to evaluate growth performance. One bird per pen was sacrificed for ileal digesta collection to determine the viscosity and digestibility of energy, dry matter, crude protein on days 24 and 35, however breast and leg meat samples were obtained for proximate analysis (moisture, crude protein, fat, and ash) on day 35. Results: Birds fed diets supplemented with xylanase regardless of the amount had higher (p<0.05) body weights, daily gains, and improved feed efficiency compared to NC diets all throughout the experimental period. Feed intake was not affected (p>0.05) by the addition of xylanase. Moreover, lowered (p<0.05) viscosity of the ileal digesta were observed upon xylanase inclusion in the diets compared to the birds fed NC diets on day 24. Ileal nutrient digestibility and meat proximate composition were not affected (p>0.05) by xylanase. Conclusion: The present study indicated that the xylanase at 2,000 U/kg and 3,000 U/kg levels compensates for the 80 kcal/kg and 100 kcal/kg dietary energy levels, respectively, without having adverse effects on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and digesta viscosity of broilers.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2000

To reconstruct 3- D shape, It is a common strategy to acquire multiple range Images from different viewpoints and integrate them into a common coordinates In this paper, we particularly focus on the registration and integration processes for combining all range Images into one surface model. For the registration, we propose the 2-step registration algorithm, which consists of 2 steps the rough registration step using all data points and the fine registration step using the high-curved data points For the integration, we propose a new algorithm, referred to as ‘multi-registration’ technique, to alleviate the error accumulation problem, which occurs during applying the pair-wise registration to each range image sequentially, in order to transform them into a common reference frame Intensive experiments are performed on the various real range data In experiments, all range images were registered within 1 minutes on Pentium 150MHz PC The results show that the proposed algorithms registrate and integrate multiple range Images within a tolerable error bound in a reasonable computation time, and the total error between all range Images are equalized with our proposed algorithms.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.167-177
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• 2004

This study is designed to understand purchase motivation for garment depending on demographic factors among college students in Yanbian, China. Questionnaire was used for measurement tools to study the subject of the thesis. The main study was conducted against 450 college students from May 17 to June 5, 2001. The data for the study were analyzed using SAS PC program for frequency distribution, percentage, t -test, and one way ANOVA. The purchase motivation for garment are affected by demographic factors such as gender, average monthly household income, monthly expense for clothing. The result was showed as follows: A meaningful difference showed in 3 areas 'to try a new trend, impulsive buying at the store display, discount advertising' depending on the gender in terms of purchase motivations, and in all the three areas, male students showed a higher ranking. But in other motivation areas, no difference was noticed in terms of gender. In terms of purchase motivation based on monthly income, only one area 'impulse buying from a store display' showed a meaningful difference. Respondents with an average monthly household income above 2,000 yuan showed a higher tendency of 'impulse buying' compared to those with below 500 yuan or those with between 500-2,000yuan. Those with the average monthly household income below 500 yuan showed the lowest ranking in the impulse buying. In other areas of purchase motivation, average monthly household income was not an important element. A meaningful difference showed in 4 areas, 'to try a new trend, impulse buying from a store display, discount advertising', and 'for a change of mood' in the product motivation based on expense on clothing. Respondents with an average monthly expense for clothing above 100 yuan showed a higher ranking in all 4 areas than those with less than 100 yuan. In other areas, the average monthly clothing expense didn't give any impact.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.691-697
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• 1999

This paper describes the implementation of a high speed image processing board. This image processing board is consist of a image acquisition part and a image processing part. The image acquistion part is digitizing the image input data from CIS and save it to the dual port RAM. By putting on the dual port memory between two parts, during acquistion of image, the image processing part can be effectively processing of large-volume image data. Most of all image preprocessing part are integrated in a large-scaled FPGA. We arwe using ADSP-2181 of the Analog Device Inc., LTD. for a image processing part, and using the available all memory of DSP for the large-volume image data. Especially, using of IDMA exchanges the data with the external microprocessor or the external PC, and can watch the result of image processing and acquired image. Finally, we show that an implemented image processing board used for the simulation of image retreval by the one of the typical application.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.313-320
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• 2019

One of the causes of many damage cases that occur today by hacking attack is social engineering attack. The attacker is usually a malicious traitor or an ignorant insider. As a solution, we are strengthening security training for all employees in the organization. Nevertheless, there are frequent situations in which computers are shared. In this case, the person in charge of the computer has difficulty in tracking and responding when a specific representative accessed and what a specific representative did. In this paper, we propose the method that the person in charge of the computer tracks in real time through the smartphone when a representative access the computer, when a representative access offline using hacked or shared authentication. Also, we propose a method to prevent the leakage of important information by encrypting and backing up important files of the PC through the smartphone in case of abnormal access.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.486-494
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• 2000

Background : The dominant innervation of airway smooth muscle is parasympathetic fibers which are carried in the vagus nerve. Activation of these cholinergic nerves releases acetylcholine which binds to $M_3$ muscarinic receptors on the smooth muscle causing bronchocontraction. Acetylcholine also feeds back onto neuronal $M_2$ muscarinic receptors located on the postganglionic cholinergic nerves. Stimulation of these receptors further inhibits acetylcholine release, so these $M_2$, muscarinic receptors act as autoreceptors. Loss of function of these $M_2$ receptors, as it occurs in animal models of hyperresponsiveness, leads to an increase in vagally mediated hyperresponsiveness. However, there are limited data pertaining to whether there are dysfunctions of these receptors in patients with asthma. The aim of this study is to determine whether there are dysfunction of $M_2$ muscarinic receptors in asthmatic patients and difference of function of these receptors according to severity of asthma. Method : We studied twenty-seven patients with asthma who were registered at Pulmonology Division of Korea University Hospital. They all met asthma criteria of ATS. Of these patients, eleven patients were categorized as having mild asthma, eight patients moderate asthma and eight patients severe asthma according to severity by NAEPP Expert Panel Report 2(1997). All subjects were free of recent upper respiratory tract infection within 2 weeks and showed positive methacholine challenge test ($PC_{20}$<16mg/ml). Methacholine provocation tests were performed twice on separate days allowing for an interval of one week. In the second test, pretreatment with the $M_2$ muscarinic receptor agonist pilocarpine($180{\mu}g$) through inhalation was performed be fore the routine procedures. Results : Eleven subjects with mild asthma and eight subjects with moderate asthma showed significant increase of $PC_{20}$ from 5.30$\pm$5.23mg/ml(mean$\pm$SD) to 20.82$\pm$22.56mg/ml(p=0.004) and from 2.79$\pm$1.51mg/ml to 4.67$\pm$3.53mg/ml(p=0.012) after pilocarpine inhalation, respectively. However, in the eight subjects with severe asthma significant increase of $PC_{20}$ from l.76$\pm$1.50mg/ml to 3.18$\pm$4.03mg/ml(p=0.161) after pilocarpine inhalation was not found. Conclusion : In subjects with mild and moderate asthma, function of $M_2$ muscarinic receptors was normal, but there was a dysfunction of these receptors in subjects with severe asthma. ηlese results suggest that function of $M_2$ muscarinic receptors is different according to severity of asthma.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.50-60
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• 2009

Recently, the traffic card is gradually utilized and its several supplementary services have been significantly developed. Particularly, since it is possible to pay fees for buses, taxies, subways, parking and tollgates with only one traffic card, new payment method for economically processing has been focused. This paper presents a new receipt management system which allows possibly paying with several digital cards through PC interfacing terminals. The proposed system is mainly composed of three parts: terminals, middleware, and management servers. A terminal part includes processing module for payment/charging and credit/check/debit cards, etc and its operation is fulfilled through a middleware part. A main task of a middleware part is to connect a terminal part to managing servers through middleware applications. Additionally, processing of several receipt items and monitoring of the terminals to product statistical reports based on the processed result are carried out in the middleware. A management sever part is accomplished for collecting all of transaction histories against users and charging items over allowed province and managing statistical information. The proposed system is currently utilized in the Nam-GU district office and the Nam-GU district health center, Busan, S. Korea, respectively for testing its effectiveness. We conclude from this demonstration that the system is more useful and efficient than the previous processing method especially in that variable payment ways are provided and consumption burden is reduced.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.265-273
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of HMD (head mounted display)-based virtual reality balance training on static balance in young adults, and whether appropriate balance training can help healthy adults to improve balance ability in daily living. Methods: The study subjects were 14 healthy adults. Subjects received 20 minutes of HMD-based virtual reality balance training 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Static balance was measured before, during, and after training and after one month. Static balance was measured in a total of 8 conditions, and the results were classified as visual (F1), somatosensory (F5-6), vestibular (F2-4), and central nervous system (F7-8). Results: The test results showed no significant difference in pre-training, post-training, and follow-up results under all conditions at Fourier index F1, F5-6, and F7-8 frequencies. For the F2-4 frequency, there was a significant difference before and after training under NC (neutral head position, eyes closed, firm surface) and PC (neutral head position, eyes closed, elastic surface) conditions. The NC condition returned a significant decrease of F2-4 frequency in post-training testing as compared to pre-training, and the PC condition showed a significant decrease of F2-4 frequency between the pre-training and mid-training tests, and between the pre-training and post-training tests. Conclusion: These results indicate that HMD-based balance training can improve balance ability, even in normal adults, and seems especially effective for vestibular function training.