• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2020

In this study, alginate-gelatin/silk wet-laid nonwoven fabrics were prepared by using alginate gelatin fiber and silk fiber, as the main fiber, and PVA fiber as binder fiber. The characterization of pore size and mechanical property was carried out on the various weight ratios of alginate gelatin fiber and silk fibers, or the adding binder fibers. As the content of silk or binder fiber increases, the tensile strength increases from 0.70 kgf/㎠ to 5.08 kgf/㎠ and the pore size decreases 111.6 ㎛ to 51.00 ㎛. As the weight of the silk increased, the density increased, and binder fiber was added to enhance the cohesion between fibers, thereby increasing the wet-laid nonwoven fabric strength. We studied on wet-laid nonwoven fabrics that can be applied to mask sheet with adjustable pore size.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2004

It is now widely accepted that immobilized microbial cells can overcome some of the problems associated with microbial survival stability, efficacy, storage, transportation and ease of application in agricultural environments. Pantoea agglomerans, a phosphate solubilizing bacterium, was immobilized in alginate, agar and gelatin carriers. All the three immobilfized carriers with bacterial cells of P. agglomerans were compared for solubilization of tricalcium phosphate in pure liquid cultures. While alginate beads were tested for phosphate solubilization on alternate days up to five days, agar beads and gelatin cubes were subjected for one time phosphate solubilization analysis after seven days. Both alginate and agar immobilized cells of P. agglomerans exhibited higher efficiency in increasing the solubilizaliun of tricalcium phosphate than gelatin immobilized cells. The culture filtrate of alginate bead inoculation treatment registered a rapid increase in soluble phosphate concentration upon incubation. A corresponding decrease in the pH of the medium was also observed in all the treatments.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.40.2-40.2
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• 2010

In this study, oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphase calcium phosphate (BCP)- based hydrogel composites were fabricated. Alginate sodium was oxidized by periodate. The oxidized product was confirmed by using $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectra. The number average molecular weight ($M_n$), the average molecular weight ($M_w$) of the oxidized alginate were determined by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). The hydrogel was formed from the oxidized alginate and gelatin solution via Schift-base reaction. The hydrogel showed a highly porosity by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP). Crosslinked density of the gel matrix were assessd by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) assay that shows a high effect on swelling ratio. Increment of the crosslinked desity resulted in enhancing compressive strength of the hydrogel composite. The cytotoxity of hydrogel was assessed with osteoblast MG-63. The hydrogel composites show a high compatibility. The obtained results showed a potential application for bone regeneration in future.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.1373-1382
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• 2021

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of bacteria that can increase plant growth; but due to unfavorable environmental conditions, PGPR are biologically unstable and their survival rates in soil are limited. Therefore, the suitable application of PGPR as a plant growth stimulation is one of the significant challenges in agriculture. This study presents an intelligent formulation based on Bacillus velezensis VRU1 encapsulation enriched with nanoparticles that was able to control Rhizoctonia solani on the bean. The spherical structure of the capsule was observed based on the Scanning Electron Microscope image. Results indicated that with increasing gelatin concentration, the swelling ratio and moisture content were increased; and since the highest encapsulation efficiency and bacterial release were observed at a gelatin concentration of 1.5%, this concentration was considered in mixture with alginate for encapsulation. The application of this formulation which is based on encapsulation and nanotechnology appears to be a promising technique to deliver PGPR in soil and is more effective for plants.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.471-475
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• 2013

This study is about photosensitive microspheres prepared by coating alginate microspheres with gelatin-cinnamic acid conjugate. Firstly, alginate microspheres was prepared in water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion and then they were coated with gelatin- cinnamic acid conjugate. Herein, gelatin-cinnamic acid conjugate is obtained by the amidation between an amine group of gelatin and a carboxy group of cinnamic acid. Cinnamic acid is widely used as a photo-responsive material easy to dimerize and dedimeriz under UV irradiation at ${\lambda}$ = 254 nm and ${\lambda}$ = 365 nm, respectively. As shown in SEM-EDS, alginate was successfully coated with gelatin-ciannmic acid. By determining the absorbance of coated microspheres at 270nm, the amount of cinnamic acid per microspheres was 0.13/1. The SEM photos showed the size of coated microspheres is around $10{\mu}m$. And the degrees of dimerization and dedimerization were calculated to be 49% and 23% respectively. Then the release of FITC-dextran from the coated micrspheres was studied and release the degree was 42%. As a result, the coated microspheres have potential to be used as a photo-responsive drug carrier to delivery drugs.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.48.1-48.12
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• 2022

Background: The poor intracellular concentration of enrofloxacin might lead to treatment failure of cow mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus small colony variants (SASCVs). Objectives: In this study, enrofloxacin composite nanogels were developed to increase the intracellular therapeutic drug concentrations and enhance the efficacy of enrofloxacin against cow mastitis caused by intracellular SASCVs. Methods: Enrofloxacin composite nanogels were formulated by an electrostatic interaction between gelatin (positive charge) and sodium alginate (SA; negative charge) with the help of CaCl₂ (ionic crosslinkers) and optimized by a single factor test using the particle diameter, zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI), loading capacity (LC), and encapsulation efficiency (EE) as indexes. The formation mechanism, structural characteristics, bioadhesion ability, cellular uptake, and the antibacterial activity of the enrofloxacin composite nanogels against intracellular SASCVs strain were studied systematically. Results: The optimized formulation was comprised of 10 mg/mL (gelatin), 5 mg/mL (SA), and 0.25 mg/mL (CaCl₂). The size, LC, EE, PDI, and ZP of the optimized enrofloxacin composite nanogels were 323.2 ± 4.3 nm, 15.4% ± 0.2%, 69.6% ± 1.3%, 0.11 ± 0.02, and -34.4 ± 0.8 mV, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the enrofloxacin composite nanogels were spherical with a smooth surface and good particle size distributions. In addition, the enrofloxacin composite nanogels could enhance the bioadhesion capacity of enrofloxacin for the SASCVs strain by adhesive studies. The minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration, and minimum biofilm eradication concentration were 2, 4, 4, and 8 ㎍/mL, respectively. The killing rate curve had a concentration-dependent bactericidal effect as increasing drug concentrations induced swifter and more radical killing effects. Conclusions: This study provides a good tendency for developing enrofloxacin composite nanogels for treating cow mastitis caused by intracellular SASCVs and other intracellular bacterial infections.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

The diffusion effect of simulated gastric juices into the various alginate vessel containing each biopolymer such as 0.3% soluble starch, whey, corn starch, agar, locust bean gum, guar gum, gum arabic, pectin, gelatin and 0.15% xanthan gum was tested by measuring the change of pH in the vessel. The degree of viability of bifidobacteria entrapped in each bead containing biopolymers was corresponded with the degree of diffusion inhibition of hydrogen into the each vessel. Therefore, The determination of diffusion inhibition of simulated gastric juices into the various vessel by measuring the change of pH in the vessel may be effectively used as the simple method to select the optimal entrapment lattice for the improvement of bifidobacteria viability. Bifidobacteria entrapped in alginate bead containing 0.15% xanthan gum whose lattice showed the lowest hydrogen diffusion were more significantly tolerant against bile salts and hydrogen peroxide than untrapped bifidobacteria. It was also observed that the viability of bifidobacteria entrapped in bead was nto nearly changed in milk adjusted pH 4.5 with organic adids at $4^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. Therefore, use of alginate containing 0.15% xanthan gum as a cell matrix for entrapping bifidobacteria was expected to improve the viability of bididobacteria in fermented milk products and develop the high value-added products.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.587-594
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• 2020

In this study, we examined the effects of various hydrocolloid (alginate, carrageenan, and konjac) treatments on the quality characteristics of cold-cut duck meat jelly. Seven different types of cold-cut duck meat jelly were prepared: control, without hydrocolloids; T1, 0.5% alginate; T2, 0.5% carrageenan; T3, 0.5% konjac; T4, 0.25% alginate + 0.25% carrageenan; T5, 0.25% carrageen + 0.25% konjac; and T6, 0.25% alginate + 0.25% konjac. The pH and moisture content of the cold-cut duck meat jelly with hydrocolloids was higher (p < 0.05) than that of the control. The highest lightness value was recorded for T4 and T6 (p < 0.05), and the hardness was lower (p < 0.05) in the meat jelly with hydrocolloids than in the control, except for T2 and T5. The springiness of the meat jelly was the highest (p < 0.05) in T1 and T4. The onset, peak, and end temperatures were the lowest (p < 0.05) in the control. The highest appearance score of the meat jelly was observed in T6, and its overall acceptability was higher (p < 0.05) than that of the control, indicating that, of all the treatments, 0.25% alginate + 0.25% konjac yielded the most desirable results. Thus, the combined use of duck skin and gelatin with alginate and konjac is potentially applicable for the development of new cold-cut duck meat products.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.287-293
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• 2005

In this work, to develop soil inoculant which maintains stable viable cells and normalized quality, studies on micro-encapsulation with bacteria and yeast cells were performed by investigating materials and methods for micro-encapsulation as well as variation and stability of encapsulated cells. Preparation of capsule was conducted by application of extrusion system using micro-nozzle and peristaltic pump. K-carragenan and Na-alginate were selected as best carrier for gelation among K-carageenan, Na-alginate, locust bean gum, cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), chitosan and gelatin tested. Comparing the gels prepared with Bacillus sp. KSIA-9 and carriers of 1.5% concentration, although viable cell of K-carragenan and Na-alginate was six times higher than those of other, Na-alginate was finally selected as carrier for gelation because it is seven times cheaper than K-carragenan. The gel of 1.5% Na-alginate was also observed to have the best morphology with circular hardness polymatrix and highest viable cell. When investigating the stability of encapsulated cells and the stabilizer effect, free cells were almost dead within 30 or 40 days whereas encapsulated cells decreased in 10% after 30 days and 15-30% even after 120 days. As stabilizer for maintaining viable cell, both 1% starch and zeolite appeared to possess the level of 70-80% cell for bacteria and yeast until after 120 days.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.224-231
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• 2006

agents used for enhancing mechanical properties of porous natural scaffolds, reduces biocompatability of the scaffolds, due to their inherent cytotoxicity. In this study, scaffolds which was composed of chitosan, alginate and gelatin were cross-linked by using heat treatment instead of cross-linking agent and mechanical properties of the cross-linked scaffold were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis confirmed that cross-linking of heat-treated scaffold was formed via amide or ester linkage between the polymer chains. The heat-treated scaffold had interconnected pores with mean diameter of 100~200 m and showed more than two fold increase of water uptake in comparison with chemically cross-linked scaffold. Tensile strength of the heat-treated scaffold increased up to 130% compared to non cross-linked scaffold and average maximum elongation was 11.3%. The porous cross-linked scaffold with the improved mechanical property may be suitable as a biocompatable scaffold for tissue engineering.