• Applied Microscopy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2000

The wandering spider, Pardosa astrigera, had four pairs of ocelli that arranged in three rows on the cephalothorax. Along the anterior margin lay a pair of small anterior median (AM) eye flanked on each side by anterior lateral (AL) eye. Two large posterior median (PM) eye was situated on the clypeus behind the anterior row and still more posteriorly was a pair of posterior lateral (PL) eye. The visual cell of retina consisted of cell body, rhabdome, and intermediate segment. Bipolar neuron was found in anterior median eye (principal eye) and unipolar neuron in others (secondary eye). Rhabdome showed that arranged in PMeye and PLeye. But rhabdomes of AMeye and ALeye were irregular in retina. Except AMeye, incontinuous tapetum found in ALeye, PMeye, PLeye. Anterior median eye was similar to anterior lateral eye in length and posterior median eye similar to posterior lateral eye. Component size of eye were similar to 4 pairs eye in cornea. Size of lens, cell body, and rhabdome was similar not only anterior median eye and anterior lateral eye but also posterior median eye and posterior lateral eye. Vitreous body was large posterior median eye than others.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.27-41
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• 1998

The communication model has been accepted as the basic research paradigm of cartography since Board(1967) discussed the map/model analogy. In that paradigm, the function of maps was limited to the media of communication, and the functionality of maps was extremely emphasized. Therefore the model could not play its own role under the new environments such as computer, GIS, scientific visualization. Nowadays, the model has been attacked on several grounds and several alternatives have been suggested. Among the objections raised are (1) geographic visualization in which maps are considered as the tool of scientific visualization, (2) the contributions of art which are ignored in the positivist cartographic research, and (3) deconstructionist arguments which deny the scientific epistemology of map as an objective form of knowledge and recognize the textuality of maps including their metaphorical and rhetorical nature. Since a publication by McCormick et al, the scientific visualization based on the powerful computer graphics is used in a wide context. Maps are treated as the tools of scientific visualization and emphasis is on exploration of the geographic data to gain understanding and insight in the geographic visualization processes. The research on geographic visualization have stayed in the early stage of developing the conceptual model and the basic visualization tools. But, it is expected that the geographic or visual thinking which is emphasized in the geographic visualization will contribute the reestablishment of links between cartography and geography. Also, the development of scientific visualization tools and strategies will offer the opportunities to suggest a fresh idea, to synthesize information and develop holistic approaches to geographical problems.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.607-633
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• 2016

Teachers and students tend to perceive mathematics irrelevant with character education. Since there has been no teaching of cross-curriculum characters education in mathematics classrooms, this research was to look for the possibility of teaching the character education in mathematics. Through the pilot study, trying to rebuild character factors based on Moon, et al,(2011), the researcher applied them to developing 8 lesson plans and carried them to 12th graders of the high school in March and April, 2014 using pre and post tests. Based on statistically significant difference with the level of p<.05, in "relation with me", for 'appointment' in the pretest, the students of natural science(SNS) exceeded, but in the posttest the students of humanities(SH) exceeded. In "relation with the other", in the posttest, for 'forgiveness' and 'responsibility' SNS, but for 'ownership' SH exceeded. In 'relation with a group' in the pretest for 'community spirit' SNS, and in the posttest SH exceeded. In the pretest in this study SNS naturally perceived the value of character education in math classes since they were closer to mathematics but after the experience through character education with cross-curriculum factors, SH perceived its importance expecially 'appointment', 'ownership', and 'community spirit' more than SNS so that we could predict the possibility of teaching cross-curriculum character factors in mathematics even after they had preconception as a high school student.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.165-173
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• 2005

Field observations have been conducted to investigate the physical environment around oyster farms in Gamak Bay. Tidal waves near the two channels at the northeast and south of the bay had almost the same amplitudes and phases. Water temperature responded sensibly to the tides, rising at high water and falling at low water, except for the northwest region. The currents more regularly varied in accordance with a tidal period as long as they are at the faster-flowing region. A considerable flow has been found near the seabed of the northwest of the bay, normally known to be a stagnant area, and also the flow was opposite to the surface flow. Average moving speeds and directions of the flow at each station coincided well with patterns of the residual currents computed by Lee ef al. [2004], except for the northwest region. The discrepancy for the northwest region is not clear but it may have resulted from the facts that the computed flow pattern represents only the case of spring tide and in addition, a northwesterly wind prevailed all the observation time.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.455-467
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• 2006

Demand for appropriate health care has gradually increased in Korea. In addition, developments of community- and school-based oral health programs have also focused oral health care for the oral health promotion. Especially, school-based oral health programs are the underpinnings of promoting oral health and preventing oral diseases among schoolchildren. School-based oral health programs have had three major components: oral health education, oral health services, and a healthful environments. These included oral health education(one-to-one communication, group communication, and use of mass communication), oral examination, fluoride mouthrinsing, pit-and-fissure sealants, fluoride gel application, mechanical plaque control, and chewing xylitol candy. In this study, we evaluate the effects of oral health programs among primary schoolchildren by comparing the oral health knowledge, oral health behaviors, and perception of caries prevention procedures. Data for this study were obtained from 699 primary schoolchildren at the two primary school in Daegu, Korea. One is experimental group, N primary school, that was established school-based oral health center under supervision of Nam-gu Public Health Center, the other is control group, N' primary school, that was yet to establish school-based oral health center. We surveyed children's oral health knowledge and behaviors, and perception of caries prevention procedures using self-administrated questionnaire and then analyzed differences of each item among two groups. The brief findings of this study were summarized as follows. There are several advantage to a comprehensive school-based oral health program. (1) School-based oral health programs facilitate and increase the effectiveness of teaching oral health subjects. (2) Schoolchildren are available for prevention or treatment procedure. (3) School-based oral health center may be less threating than private dental clinic. (4) With comprehensive school-based oral health programs the decayed, missing, and filled teeth(DMFT) of schoolchildren should demonstrate a substantial and steady decrease over time(Choi et al, 2004). In conclusion, treatment is not the answer to solving children's oral health programs; rather primary prevention is the key. Many countries and communities are focusing on hoe millions of underprivileged children can be provided with health care. Schoolchildren gain the knowledge and behaviors to attain and maintain good oral health in schools. For these reasons, the role of school-based oral health center is not only important but also a necessity.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.164-168
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• 2002

Yield prediction model of rice based on the boundary line analysis of the relationships between rice yield and meteorological conditions during rice growing period was reported in the previous report (Kim et al, 2001). Using the 15-year data of the 20 locations used for the model formulation and of the 12 locations not used, the model was tested for its predictability of location to location, year to year, and variety to variety variation of rice yield. The model predicted reliably the mean yield differences among locations, the yearly yield variation in each location, and the yield variation by variety. However, the model showed relatively lower predictability for the years of cool weather injury especially in mountainous locations. In conclusion, the model using boundary line analysis could be used to predict the yield responses to meteorological conditions during rice growth period and the locational, yearly, and varietal variations of rice yield. And the predictability of the present yield prediction model might be improved by including the boundary line analysis for the other factors such as soil characteristics, fertilization levels, etc.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.2105-2112
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• 2009

Recently RFID system has been adopted in various fields rapidly. However, we ought to solve the problem of privacy invasion that can be occurred by obtaining information of RFID Tag without any permission for popularization of RFID system To solve the problems, it is Ohkubo et al.'s Hash-Chain Scheme which is the safest method. However, this method has a problem that requesting lots of computing process because of increasing numbers of Tag. Therefore, We suggest the way (process) satisfied with all necessary security of Privacy Protection Shreme and decreased in Tag Identification Time in this paper. First, We'll suggest the SP-Division Algorithm seperating SPs using the Performance Measurement consequence of each node after framing the program to create Hash-Chain Calculated table to get optimized performance because of character of the grid environment comprised of heterogeneous system. If we compare consequence fixed the number of nodes to 4 with a single node, equal partition, and SP partition, when the total number of SPs is 1000, 40%, 49%, when the total number of SPs is 2000, 42%, 51%, when the total number of SPs is 3000, 39%, 49%, and when the total number of SPs is 4000, 46%, 56% is improved.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.327-334
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• 1998

Four external and 27 cranial characters of three subspecies of striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius) from 15 regions in far eastern Asia(South Korea, North Korea, northeastern China, and far eastern Russia) were analyzed by multivariate methods in order to determine taxonomic status of striped field mice from North Korea. Three subgroups were recognized: a large-size form from two localities in South Korea(Cheju Island, Wando Island): a medium-size form from eight localities in South Korea and North Korea(Jindo Island, Kunsan, Mt. Chirisan, Cheongju, Mt. Weoleksan, Mt. taebaksan; Haeju, Sineuiju); a small-size form from five localities in North Korea, northeastern China, and far eastern Russia (Mt. Kumkangsan, Mt. Myohyangsan; Jirin, Yichun; Vladivostok). It is confirmed that the large-size form, the medium-size form, and the small-size form are subspecies chejuensis, coreae, and manchuricus, respectively, as noted by Koh et al.(1997). It is revealed that striped field mice(the medium-size form) from western region of North Korea (Haeju, Sineuiju) is classified into A. agrarius coreae, as noted by Thomas(1908), but striped field mice(the small-size form) from eastern region of North Korea(Mt. Kumkangsan, Mt. Myohyangsan) is A. agrarius manchuricus.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.384-390
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• 2011

Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) alloy has been widely used as an alternative to bone due to its excellent biocompatibility. However, it still has many problems, including a high elastic modulus and toxicity. Therefore, nontoxic biomaterials with a low elastic modulus should be developed. However, the fabrication of a uniform coating is challenging. Moreover, the coating layer on Ti and Ti alloy substrates can be peeled off after implantation. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to produce bulk Ti and Ti alloy with hydroxyapatite (HA) composites. In this study, Ti, Nb, and Zr powders, which are biocompatible elements, were milled in a mixing machine (24h) and by planetary mechanical ball milling (1h, 4h, and 6h), respectively. Ti-35%Nb-7%Zr and Ti-35%Nb-7%Zr-10%HA composites were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at $1000^{\circ}C$ under 70MPa using mixed and milled powders. The effects of HA addition and milling time on the biocompatibility and physical and mechanical properties of the Ti-35%Nb-7%Zr-(10%HA) alloys have been investigated. $Ti_2O$, CaO, $CaTiO_3$, and $Ti_xP_y$ phases were formed by chemical reaction during sintering. Vickers hardness of the sintered composites increases with increased milling time and by the addition of HA. The biocompatibilty of the HA added Ti-Nb-Zr alloys was improved, but the sintering ability was decreased.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 2012

Objectives: This study's aims were to evaluate the effects of load center of gravity within an object lifted and feet placements on peak EMG amplitude acting on bilateral low back muscle groups, and to suggest adequate foot strategies with an aim to reducing low back pain incidence while lifting asymmetric load. Methods: The hypotheses that asymmetric load imposes more peak EMG amplitude on low back muscles contralateral to load center of gravity than symmetric load and maximum peak EMG amplitude out of bilateral ones can be relieved by locating one foot close to load center of gravity in front of the other were established based on biomechanics including safety margin model and previous researches. 11 male subjects were required to lift symmetrically a 15.8kg object during 2sec according to each conditions; symmetric load-parallel feet (SP), asymmetric load-parallel feet (AP), asymmetric load-one foot contralateral to load center of gravity in front of the other (AL), and asymmetric load-one foot ipsilateral to load center of gravity in front of the other (AR). Bilateral longissimus, iliocostalis, and multifidus on right and left low back area were selected as target muscles, and asymmetric load had load center of gravity 10cm deviated to the right from the center in the frontal plane. Results: Greater peak EMG amplitude in left muscle group than in right one was observed due to the effect of load center of gravity, and mean peak EMG amplitudes on both sides was not affected by load center of gravity because of EMG balancing effect. However, the difference of peak EMG amplitudes between both sides was significantly affected by it. Maximum peak EMG amplitude out of both sides and the difference of peak EMG amplitude between both sides could be reduced with keeping one foot ipsilateral to load center of gravity in front of the other while lifting asymmetric load. Conclusions: It was likely that asymmetric load lead to the elevated incidence of low back pain in comparison with symmetric load based on maximum peak EMG amplitude occurrence and greater imbalanced peak EMG amplitude between both sides. Changing feet positions according to the location of load center of gravity was suggested as one intervention able to reduce the low back pain incidence.