• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.66-85
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• 2002

Traditional herbal medicine is used extensively among the Korean populations, and other Asian countries employ similar therapies as well In recent years, extensive focus was laid on adulteration of the herbal medicine with heavy metals. This may be mainly due to a soil contamination by an environmental pollution. The objective of this study is to identify the contents of various heavy metals in the blood from OhJeokSan-Decoction (OD) treated-rats. For this study, 13 kinds of metals including essential and heavy metals, i.e. Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn were analyzed by a slight modification of EPA methods and the following results are obtained. ; 1. There is no significant difference between the OD-treated groups and control group in liver, kidney, bone, brain, weight, food intake. 2. The amount of each metal analyzed in the liver are as follows; Al ; $0.235{\sim}4.215mg／kg$, As ; $0.103{\sim}0.461mg／kg$, Cd ; $0.005{\sim}0.010mg／kg$, Co ; $0.017{\sim}0.046mg／kg$, Cr ; $0.137{\sim}0.403mg／kg$, Cu ; $1.736{\sim}4.827mg／kg$, Fe ; $54.472{\sim}381.447mg／kg$, Hg ; not detected, Mn ; $1.159{\sim}2.803mg／kg$, Ni ; $0.007{\sim}0.095mg／kg$, Pb ; not detected, Se ; $0.682{\sim}1.887mg／kg$, Zn ; $10.213{\sim}26.119mg／kg$, by groups, respectively. In control and other experimental group, several metal (Co, Cu, Mn, Zn, As, Cr) has a significant difference, but in experimental I and other experimental II, III, IV, V groups, there are no significant difference. 3. The amount of each metal analyzed in the kidney are as follows; Al ; $1.712{\sim}31.230mg／kg$, As ; $0.062{\sim}0.439mg／kg$, Cd ; $0.010{\sim}0.062mg／kg$, Co ; $0.000{\sim}0.101mg／kg$, Cr ; $0.125{\sim}0.636mg／kg$, Cu ; $3.385{\sim}12.502mg／kg$, Fe ; $41.148{\sim}99.709mg／kg$, Hg ; $0.000{\sim}0.270mg／kg$, Mn ; $0.433{\sim}2.301mg／kg$, Ni ; $0.000{\sim}0.221mg／kg$, Pb ; $0.000{\sim}0.584mg／kg$, Se ; $0.540{\sim}1.600mg／kg$, Zn ; $8.775{\sim}17.060mg／kg$, by groups, respectively. The concentration of Cu, Se, Cr, and Hg are variated significantly in control and other experimental group, and Cu, Se, Cd, Cr are variated significantly in experimental I and other experimental II, III, IV, V groups. 4. The amount of each metal analyzed in the bone(tibia and fibula) are as follows; Al ; $9.557{\sim}119.464mg／kg$, As ; $0.139{\sim}12.250mg／kg$, Cd ; $0.000{\sim}0.295mg／kg$, Co ; $0.022{\sim}0.243mg／kg$, Cr ; $0.239{\sim}1.999mg／kg$, Cu ; $0.000{\sim}2.291mg／kg$, Fe ; $240.249{\sim}841.956mg／kg$, Hg ; $0.000{\sim}0.983mg／kg$, Mn ; $0.214{\sim}7.353mg／kg$, Ni ; $5.473{\sim}11.453mg／kg$, Pb ; $0.000{\sim}8.502mg／kg$, Se ; $0.000{\sim}3.005mg／kg$, Zn ; $61.158{\sim}195.038mg／kg$, by groups, respectively. The concentration of Se, Cd are variated significantly in control and other experimental groups, and Se is variated significantly in experimental I and other experimental II, III, IV, V groups. 5. Exceptionally several metal concentration is increased or decreased. but there is no significant harmful difference of metal concentration in the liver, kidney and bone, from the OD-treated-rats compared to those of the control group even if higher dosage($1{\sim}8$ times dosage of person) of OD was administered. Thus, it is expected that the herbal decoction in the traditional herbal medicine would not lay any burden on the body and the heavy metal toxins would not affect our physiological system. However, other kinds of herbal treatment, such as i.v. and i.p. should be considered in terms of metal toxicity in the body since the level of certain metal.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.18-21
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• 2007

Highly textured MgO template by ion-beam-assisted deposition(IBAD) was successfully fabricated using a continuous reel-to-reel(R2R) mode. To enlarge the deposition area, the previous IBAD system was modified into the system with 14-pass and five heating zone. Every processing step was carried out using this multi-turn IBAD system. The overall process consists of R2R electropolishing of a hastelloy C276 tape, deposition of $Al_2O_3$ diffusion barrier, $Y_2O_3$ seed layer, IBAD-MgO and homoepi-MgO layer. The IBAD-MgO templates were fabricated using the IBAD system with 216 cm-length deposition zone and 32 cm diameter ion source. The texture of MgO films developed during the IBAD process was monitored by in-situ reflection high energy electron diffraction(RHEED) to optimize the IBAD process. Recently, 100 m long IBAD-MgO tape with in-plane texture of $\Delta{\phi}<10^{\circ}$ was successfully fabricated using the modified IBAD system. In this report, the detailed deposition condition of getting a long length IBAD-MgO template with a good epitaxy is described.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.705-711
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• 1989

The glass-ceramics was prepared with the scoria(CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 system) of the locally occurring volcanic ejecta containing 10-13w/o of (FeO＋Fe2O3) by melting at 140$0^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours and thermally treated for nucleation and crystallization. The sucrose was added to the scoria to adjust the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio during the melting process. The addition of 1-2w/o of sucrose showed the glass-ceramics body with the finest particle developed and dispersed over the entire range. It is concluded that the impurity content of iron oxide and titanium oxide play the most-influencial effect on the crystallization. When 1-2w/o of sucrose was added to the scoria, the value of Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio was 0.93-1.32 and showed the best result of crystallization. The nucleation temperature and time were calculated by the measurements of exothermic peak temperatures of DTA for quenched and thermally treated glasses. The nucleation temperature of scoria glass without the addition of sucrose was estimated as 75$0^{\circ}C$, but the addition of sucrose by 2w/o showed the nucleation temperature 6$25^{\circ}C$. The nucleation time was calculated with the same DTA curves. The nucleation times estimated were about 150min. for both of glasses without and with sucrose added. Finally, the activation energies for crystallization were calculated with the DTA data. The calculated activation energies were 143 Kcal/mole for the glass without addition of sucrose and 90Kcal/mole, 87Kcal/mole, 85Kcal/mole and 71Kcal/mole for the glasses of 1w/o, 2w/o, 3w/o and 4w/o addition respectively.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2002

The M/sub 1-x/Na/sub 2x/Al₂(BO₃)₂O (M = Ca and Sr) solid solution systems have been shown interstitial solid solutions and continuous substitutional solid solutions. The symmetry around the Eu site of yEu/sup 3+/ : M/sub 1-x/Na/sub 2x/Al/sub 2-y/Mg/sub /(BO₃)₂O (M = Ca and Sr) changes the intensities and the chromaticities of transitions. The Eu/sup 3+/ion can be very bright and efficient and have the desired emission wave-length depending on the site symmetry of the Eu/sup 3+/ion site. As the amount of Na in the Eu/sup 3+/ion doped Ca/sub 1-x/Na/sub 2x/Al₂(BO₃)₂O system increases, the Eu site symmetry is going to be a noncentrosymmetric site. With increasing x, the decreased intensity in the /sup 5/D/sub 0/→/sup 7/F₁(590 nm) transition relates to the low symmetry of the Eus/up 3+/-doped Ca/sub 1-x/Na/sub 2x/Al₂(BO₃)₂O system, because of the Ca-centered octahedron in the CaAl₂(BO₃)₂O compound. The SrAl₂(BO₃)₂O compound also provides an improved chromaticity due to the lower site symmetry of Eu/sup 3+/ion.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.7-9
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• 2014

Single-crystal like $MgB_2$ thin film was grown on (000l) $Al_2O_3$ substrate by using hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD) system. Single crystal properties were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the (0001) $MgB_2$ peak is $15^{\circ}$, which is very close to that has been reported for $MgB_2$ single-crystal. It indicates that the crystalline quality of thin film is good. Temperature dependence on resistivity was investigated by physical property measurement system (PPMS) in various applied fields from 0 to 9 T. The upper critical field ($H_{c2}$) and irreversibility field ($H_{irr}$) were determined from PPMS data, and the estimated values are comparable with that of $MgB_2$ single-crystals. The thin film shows a high critical temperature ($T_c$) of 40.4 K with a sharp superconducting transition width of 0.2 K, and a high residual resistivity ratio (RRR=21), it reflects that $MgB_2$ thin film has a pure phase structure.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 2006

This study was carried to survey the removal characteristics of BPA using coagulation process by PAC and PAHCS. BPA removal for PAC and PAHCS was 20.4 with 8.7 Al mg/L and 6.8 Al mg/L, respectively. Removal of BPA was lower than $UV_{254}$ and DOC but removal characteristics were similar. BPA removal for PAC and PAHCS was most high in pH 6.5 and 7.0 respectively. The time for removal by mixing time was 40 min in PAC and 30 min in PAHCS. When powdered activated carbon 50 mg/L was added in coagulation process, a high remove of BPA (61%) was noticed. Specially BPA was highly increase powdered activated carbon 5 mg/L alone. These results will be appliable in the conventional water treatment plants for improvement of water treatment system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.5
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• pp.555-558
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• 2008

Trapping efficiency of various sex pheromone blends of the peach pyralid moth, Dichocrocis punctiferalis was compared by field study to develop monitoring system with its sex pheromone at chestnut orchards in Korea. Five candidates of the sex pheromone blends used for the field trapping of D. punctiferalis males were 70:30, 75:25, 80:20, 85:15 and 90:10 mixture of (E)-10-hexadecenyl aldehyde (E10-16:Al) and (Z)-10-hexadecenyl aldehyde (Z10-16:Al). All lures were treated with 1 or 2 mg of each blends. During 2 years of field survey, the 75:25 blend was usually the most effective in attracting males among 5 blends tested. For the 2nd generation, the best capturing activity for D. punctiferalis male was observed by lure with 75:25 blend. Both 90:10 and 75:25 blends showed highest efficiency for the 3rd generation. In most cases. lures treated with 1 mg of blend caught more male moths than these treated with 2 mg of blend.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.78-82
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• 2000

Although alumina aggregates have been used as refractory aggregates due to the improved mechanical properties of refractories as a result of the low contraction of alumina aggregates, the aggregates have a difficulty in fabrication due to its low sinterability. Two types of alumina aggregates and a fused alumina aggregate containing transient liquid forming additives are prepared to investigate the sintering characteristics of aggregates. $Al_2O_3$rich composition in the $Al_2O_3$-MgO-$SiO_2$(-$TiO_2$) system is chosen for the transient liquid phase sintering and the final recrystallized bonding phase between grains inside the fused alumina aggregates is found to be a needle-like mullite phase. The flexural strength of alumina bars, reaction-bonded using the paste having a composition of $Al_2O_3$-MgO-$SiO_2$-$TiO_2$, is about 78 MPa, which is one half value of that of pure alumina.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.530-535
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• 2011

In this work, the adsorption characteristic of the composites by adding loess with aluminum ("Al-loess") and Loess with lanthanum ("La-loess") which have been developed to effectively remove phosphorus, the substance which causes the eutrophic lake has been evaluated. According to the result of the work, as the amount of aluminum or lanthanum put in 1g of loess increases, the combined amount also increases accordingly. When the loess with no aluminum or lanthanum attached was used, the rate of removing phosphorus was different in comparison with the case of using the composites of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg of aluminum and 0.5, 1 and 3 mg of lanthanum in each gram of loess. It was observed the amount required to remove 1 mg $PO_4^{3-}$-P/L of phosphorus completely is approximately 2 to 10 times less for the composite of Al-loess than loess alone. Also, in case of the composite of La-loess, the amount was decreased by about 1.5 to 10 times. In order to observe the rate of adsorption phosphorus with Al-loess and La-loess, the composites were used for the observation up to three times by water washing. As a result, the water washing of the composite did not affect phosphorus removal. According to the effect of pH, there is a high rate of removing phosphorus in the pH range of 5~8. It seems that the developed composite will effectively remove phosphorus when it is spread in the natural water system. Also, since Al-loess and La-loess composites are rapidly precipitated within 30 minutes, it is stabilized quickly at the bottom of the eutrophic lake and becomes responsible for the removal of phosphorus in water and eluted from the water and the sedimentary layer.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.380-387
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• 2008

The effects of the applied stretch and MgADP binding on the structure of the actin and myosin cross-bridges in rabbit fibers in the rigor state have been investigatedwith improved resolution by x-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. To clarify the structure of the ATP hydrolysis intermediates formed by actin and myosin cross-bridges,the effects of various phosphate analogs in the of MgADP on the structure of the thin and thick filaments in glycerinated rabbit muscle fibers in the rigor state investigated by x-ray diffraction with a short exposure time using synchrotron radiation. These results strongly suggest that when MgADP and phosphate analogs such as metallofluorides(BeF3 and AlF4)and vanadate(VO4(Vi)) were added the rigor fibers in the presence of the ATP-depletion backup system, the intensities of the actin-based layer lines were markedly weakened. We found that the intensity of the 14.5 nm-based meridional reflections increase by 20-50% when phosphate analogs such as metallofluorides(BeF3 and AlF4) and vanadate(VO4(Vi)) was added to the rigor muscle.