• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.2-2
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• 2011

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been considered as a promising candidate for nextgeneration electronics due to its extraordinary electrical properties associated with one-dimensional structure. Since diversity in electronic structure depends on geometrical features, the major concern has been focused on obtaining the diameter, chirality, and density controlled SWNTs. Despite huge efforts, the controlled synthesis of SWNTs has not been achieved. There have been various approaches to synthesize controlled SWNTs by preparation of homogeneously sized catalyst because the SWNTs diameter highly depends on catalyst nanoparticles size. In this study, geometrically controlled SWNTs were synthesized using designed catalytic layers: (a) morphologically modified Al2O3 supporting layer (Fe/Al2O3/Si), (b) Mo capping layer (Mo/Fe/Al/Si), and (c) heat-driven diffusion and subsequent evaporation process of Fe catalytic nanoparticles (Al2O3/Fe/Al2O3/Si). These results clearly revealed that (a) the grain diameter and RMS roughness of Al2O3 supporting layer play a key role as a diffusion barrier for obtaining Fe nanoparticles with a uniform and small size, (b) a density and diameter of SWNTs can be simultaneously controlled by adjusting a thickness of Mo capping layer on Fe catalytic layer, and (c) SWNTs diameter was successfully controlled within a few A scale even with its fine distribution. This precise control results in bandgap manipulation of the semiconducting SWNTs, determined by direct comparison of Raman spectra and theory of extended tight binding Kataura plot. We suggest that these results provide a simple and possible way for the direct growth of diameter, density, and bandgap controlled SWNTs by precise controlling the formation of catalytic films, which will be in demand for future electronic applications.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2011

This study investigated the high temperature oxidation behavior of Fe-22%Cr-5.8%Al alloy and the oxidation kinetics of the alloy were discussed. Bulk samples were prepared by VAM (vacuum arc melting) and hot forging. High temperature oxidation testes were isothermally conducted up to 100 hours in 79%$N_2$+21%$O_2$ environment at three different temperatures ($900^{\circ}C$, $1000^{\circ}C$, $1100^{\circ}C$). The weight gain was measured after oxidation according to oxidation time (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 60, 80, 100 hours). The weight gain significantly increased with increasing oxidation temperature. As the temperature increased, the oxidized samples showed sequential formation of $Al_2O_3$, Cr-rich oxide, Fe-rich oxide. The activation energy of high temperature oxidation was obtained as 306.63 KJ/mol. $Al_2O_3$ were developed on the surface in the early stage of oxidation, representing protective role of oxidation. However, Fe-based and Cr-based oxides leaded to breakaway of oxide layer, thus resulted in the significant increase of additional oxidation.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.202-210
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• 2001

자연산화 $Al_2$O$_3$층이 형성된 하부형태 터널링 자기저항 다층박막이 기본진공도 $10^{-9}$ Torr을 유지하는 UHV 챔버내에서 이온빔 스퍼터링과 dc 마그네트론 스퍼터링 법으로 증착되었다. 제작된 스핀의존터널링 (SDT) 접합소자의 최대 터널링자기저항(TMR)와 최소 접합저항과 면적곱(R$_{j}$ A) 각각 16~17%와 50-60$\Omega$$\mu\textrm{m}$$^2$이었다. 자기장하에서 열처리한 SDT접합에 대한 TMR향상과 (R$_{j}$ A) 감소의 변화는 미미하였다. 접합면적이 81$\mu\textrm{m}$$^2$에서 47$\mu\textrm{m}$$^2$까지 접합크기가 작이짐에 따라 TMR이 증가하고 (R$_{j}$ A)이 감소하는 의존성이 관찰되었다. 이러한 현상을 하부층 단자의 판흐름 저항값 의존효과와 스핀채널효과로 설명하였다.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 석탄 광산배수에 함유된 중금속을 부유선별로 제거하기에 앞서 부유선별 조건에 영향을 미치는 철, 망간, 알루미늄 이온의 침전특성을 알아보았다. Fe(III), Mn(II), Al(III) 이온을 NaOH와 반응시켜 1 h 동안 침전시키면 Fe(III)은 pH 5.0 이상에서, Mn(II)은 pH 10.0 이상에서 그리고 Al(III)은 pH $6.0{\sim}9.0$의 범위에서 대부분 침전되어 여액에 $1.0mgL^{-1}$ 이하로 잔류되었다. Fe(III), Mn(II), Al(III)의 혼합 용액에 포수제인 올레인산나트륨을 첨가하였을 경우, 각각의 중금속 이온은 올레인산나트륨과 반응하여 불용성 염을 거의 형성하지 않았기 때문에 침전 부선법으로 광산배수에 함유된 중금속을 제거해야 하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2005

폐전자스크랩에서 유가금속을 회수하기 위하여 곰팡이균으로 Aspergillus niger를 이용한 Cu, Zn, Al, Co, Ni, Fe, Sn, Pb의 침출 거동을 조사하였다. Aspergillus niger는 전자스크랩의 존재 하에 배양이 가능하였고 신진대사 작용에 의해 유기산(구연산 및 옥살산)을 생성함으로써 폐전자스크랩에서 각 금속들을 침출시키는 것을 알 수 있었다. 예비실험으로 먼저 구연산 및 옥살산을 이용한 화학침출 실험으로부터 Cu, Zn, Al, Co, Fe, Sn, Pb의 침출거동을 조사하였다. Aspergillus niger를 이용한 미생물 침출 실험의 결과 전자스크랩의 농도가 50g/L인 경우 Cu 및 Co의 침출율은 95%이상이었고, Al, Zn, Pb 및 Sn의 경우는 15-35%의 침출율을 나타냈으며 Ni 및 Fe의 경우는 10%이하의 침출율을 보였다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.82-91
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of initial pH, current density, and electrolysis time on process performance in terms of decolorization and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from disperse dyebath wastewater (DDW) by mono-polar parallel laboratory scale electrocoagulation (EC) process. COD reduction of 51.3% and decolorization of 92.8% were obtained with operating cost of 0.19 €/㎥ treated wastewater for Al-Al electrode pair, while 90.5% of decolorization and 49.2% of COD reduction were obtained with operating cost of 0.20 €/㎥ treated wastewater for an Fe-Fe electrode pair. The amount of sludge production were highly related to type of the electrode materials. At the optimum conditions, the amount of sludge produced were 0.18 kg/㎥ and 0.28 kg/㎥ for Al-Al and Fe-Fe electrode pairs, respectively. High decolorization can be explained by the hydrophobic nature of the disperse dye, while limited COD removal was observed due to the high dissolved organic matter of the DDW based on auxiliary chemicals. Energy, electrode, and chemical consumptions and sludge handling were considered as major cost items to find a cost-effective and sustainable solution for EC. The contribution of each cost items on operating cost were determined as 10.0%, 51.1%, 30.5% and 8.4% for Al-Al, and they were also determined as 9.0%, 38.0%, 40.5% and 12.5% for Fe-Fe, respectively. COD reduction and decolorization were fitted to first-order kinetic rule.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.283-289
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• 2018

This present study deals with the hydrogen embrittlement properties of austenitic Fe-30Mn-0.2C(-1.5Al) high-manganese steels for cryogenic applications. They were electrochemically charged with hydrogen and then subjected to tensile tests for evaluating hydrogen embrittlement behavior. Tensile test results showed that after hydrogen charging the tensile strength and elongation of the Al-free steel were more remarkably decreased with increasing current density when compared to the Al-added steel. After hydrogen charging of the Al-added steel, it was found that the measured hydrogen content was small and silver particles were relatively less decorated. Therefore, the Al-added steel has a superior hydrogen embrittlement resistance to the Al-free steel because the addition of Al suppresses the injection of hydrogen during electrochemical hydrogen charging.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.411-420
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• 1996

The structure of the scale formed on the surface of Fe - Cr - X alloys exposed to 1143K high sulfidation($Ps_2$ = 1.11$\times$$10^-7$ atm, $Po_2$ = 3.11$\times$$10^-20$ atm) or sulfidation/oxidation(($Ps_2$= 1.06$\times$$10^-7$ atm, ($Po_2$ = 3.11$\times$$10^-18$ atm) environment has been observed and analysed using XRD, SEM/EDS. To investigate the possibility of protective film formed on the surface of the alloys, Aluminium, Nickel were selected as alloying elements. Thermodynamic phase stability diagram was used to predict the reaction path of scale formed on Fe - Cr - X alloys. Parabolic rate constant($K_p$) value with 6wt% Al in Fe - 25Cr alloy decreased significantly compared with the Fe - 25Cr alloy without 6wt% Al. Since thin layer of defect free sulfide film, (Al, Cr)Sx, was formed at the alloy/scale interface. Fe - rich sulfide scale at outer layer and Cr - rich sulfide scale containing porosity at inner layer of Fe - 25Cr alloy have been observed. The reaction path for these scales could be predicted by the thermodynamic stability diagram.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.240-245
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• 1998

In the view point of the environmental conservation and the energy reduction, the recycling of metal scrap is coming as one of the global subjects in the world. In this study, the movement of intermetallics with electromagnetic force in a melt of a scrap of Al-Si-Cu alloy (JIS ADC12), which was widely used in diecasting process, was investigated in order to eliminate the Fe element, which was usually accumulated in a scrap. In this study, we applied electromagnetic method to eliminate Fe element in ADC12 aluminum alloy scrap which contains 1.64wt.% Fe and the effects of electromagnetic force on the particle movement was visualized and confirmed by water modeling and experiment. As a result, the Fe intermetallic compounds are moved to the direction opposite to that of the electromagnetic force as the force applies, thus eliminated from the bulk metal. Therefore, the content of Fe in matrix decreased from 1.64wt.% to 0.45wt.%.

• 센서학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.171-176
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• 1999

PECVD법을 이용하여 $Al_2O_3$ 기판위에 증착된 $Fe_3O_4$박막의 상전이를 통하여 ${\gamma}-Fe_2O_3$ 박막을 제조하였다. ${\gamma}-Fe_2O_3$ 박막의 상전이는 주로 증착온도와 $Fe_3O_4$의 산화과정에 의해 유도되었다. $Fe_3O_4$ 상은 $200{\sim}300^{\circ}C$의 증착온도에서 in-situ로 얻을 수 있었다. 증착온도에 따른 상변화는 없었으며 $250^{\circ}C$에서 증착된 $Fe_3O_4$상이 가장 안정된 상을 나타내었다. ${\gamma}-Fe_3O_3$ 상은 $280{\sim}300^{\circ}C$의 온도범위에서 $Fe_3O_3$ 상을 산화시켜 유도하였다. $Fe_3O_4$ 상과 ${\gamma}-Fe_2O_3$ 상은 같은 spinel구조를 가지고 있으며 공존상으로서 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 또한, $Al_2O_3$에 산화된 ${\gamma}-Fe_2O_3$ 박막은 다공성의 미세구조를 나타내었다.