• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.111-131
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• 1998

1. In oriental medicine, the case of sinusitis can be explained, not only external invasion such as PUNG HAN(wind-cold), PUNG YUL(wind-hot), SHUP YUL(damp-heat), but also functional disorder of internal organ such as spleen(脾), lung(肺), kidney(腎) The western medicine classified the cause of sinusitis as two factors. That is bacterial infection factor-Haemophilus influenza, streptococcus pyogeues, streptococcus pneumonia- and viral infection factor-Rhinovirus, parainfluenza, Echo28, Coxsacki21, Sinusitis is complicated to allergic rhinitis, chronic otitis media purulent, chronic tonsilitis, sinubronchitis. On the condition of nasal septum deformity, turbinates deformity, nasal septum deviation, sinusitis can be developed. the predisposing factors of sinusitis is swimming, air pollution, malnutrition, shortage of immunity.2. According to survey, sinusitis occurred that children from 4 to 12 years old and from 5 to 7 years old occupied 70% 3. From the past history data, they experienced chronic tonsillar hypertropy(20%), otitis media, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, chronic sore throat, urticaria, milk allergy in sequence. 4. the symptoms of sinusitis is nasal obstruction, postnasal dripping, purulunt(yellow)or white discharge, cough, nose bleeding in sequence. nasal obstruction take the portion of 95%, postnasal dripping 65%, night time or early morning cough 60%. 5. The suffering period of sinusitis is 6 month minimum, 4 years maximum, most cases are included in a year. The suffering period of children was shorter than adult. 6. Diagnosis depend on inspection of nasal cavity, postnasal dripping, X-ray finding. 75% of patient(15case) showed both maxillary sinusitis, 25%(5cases) showed left or right maxillary sinusitis. 7. Treatment of oriental medicine, consist of Herb-medicine, acupuncture and exposing of Lazer beam. Kamihyunggyeyungyotang(加味荊芥蓮翹湯) is administered mainly as the medical therapy, Kamigwaghyangjeungkisan(加味藿香正氣散) Kimizwakwieum(加味左歸飮), Kamihyangsosan(加味香蘇散) is administered for a additional symptoms which occurred by influenza recurrence. Kamijeonxibackchulsan(加味錢氏白朮散) is administered to treat gastro-intestine trouble patients who have sinusitis. 8. The period of treatment is varied with patient conditions and X-ray finding. The minimal period is 35days, maximal period is 202days. So it took about 86days in average and about 50% of patient(10cases) is recovered in one or two month.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.399-403
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• 2010

Background: Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery can be performed with the lung collapsed. During the procedure, pleural adhesion may result in lung injury, bleeding, and thoracotomy conversion. Identifying the presence of pleural adhesion before surgery can make it easy to plan trocar introduction and perform the procedure. Material and Method: Between June 2009 and November 2009, we performed ultrasound in 24 patients to detect pleural adhesion before surgery and compared the results with the operative findings. We primarily examined the lateral chest, where the trocar would be inserted, and, occasionally, the anterior or posterior chest. Result: Patient diseases were: 6 hyperhidroses, 8 interstitial lung diseases, 5 lung cancers, 2 mediastinal tumors, 1 peripheral pulmonary embolism, 1 metastatic lung cancer, and 1 sarcoidosis. Of the 22 patients who did not have pleural adhesions on ultrasound, four revealed mild adhesions not related to the trocar insertion sites. However, ultrasound showed pleural adhesions in two patients, consistent with the operative findings. There was no air leak or thoracotomy conversion related with trocar insertion. Conclusion: Ultrasound requires only a few minutes to detect the presence of the pleural adhesion and was very useful in identifying the pleural adhesion before VATS.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 1977

This is a result of clinical examination for workers working with Chromic acid and Chromium compounds in the plating room of their companies. I selected two companies that the plating process and the kinds of plating were similar. One (SW Co.) was more or less improved the operating environment with the ventilation machine so on and another (SR Co.) did not it so. The former was examined at March 29th 1977, the latter was at June 28th 1976. But the respiratory communicable diseases, flue or common cold so on were not spreaded there at that time. The clinical aspects were compared between the group of SW, and SR. The swelling and hyperemic signs of nasal mucous membrane and the experience of nasal bleeding were about 50%, generally, in all the groups. The following problem was dizziness or vertigo. The nasal signs in the group of SW (improved ventilation of the room air) were relatively weak, but in another, it was some what severe; - there was necrotic sign with thick nasal clast. They were only used of gauze mask when the vapors of various solvents were deeply full in the room. And there was very high rate of bronchial signs, sputum or coughing in the group of SW improved ventilation so called, than another one. I suppose that it means chronic inflammatory change of the bronchial mucous membrane with deeper signs, due to the individual protectors were carelessly or not used according to the improving of the operating environment. Theses nasal signs mentioned the above were not nearly in the other groups had not been done the Chromium plating. The Status of RBC, Hb and Ht, of urine protein and urobilinogen were mostly in normal range. But the number of WBC was more or less showed with a positive correlation to the working duration.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.95-102
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• 2010

In recent years, the demand for the development of high quality and cost effective materials, as well as the competition to ensure a diverse and sufficient amount of ready-mixed concrete, has been increasing rapidly. In this experiment, concretes made with different admixtures are blended with each other in different combinations and ratios, in order to identify potential problems. The first test was a slump level test, in which all of the concretes met the required numbers, as they also did in the test for air content. Plain organic acid concrete scored the highest in bleeding amount, but organic acid mix in general showed a similar outcome. In the early measurement of compressive strength, plain naphthalene concrete was the strongest. Of the blends, the 5:5 mix of organic acid and naphthalene was the strongest. In the standard measurement, the 5:5 mix of naphthalene and lignin was the strongest. Tensile strength tests revealed similar results. Length change rate proved to be greater in blended concrete than in plain concrete, and dry shrinkage rate was highest in the 7:3 ratio blends. Through SEM photo analysis, it was confirmed that the 7:3 ratio blends contained more micro-voids. In conclusion, with the exception of a specific few combinations, it was found that the blending of different types of concrete is undesirable due to the delayed coagulation time as well as the early decrease in strength.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2002

Intermaxillary fixation and occusal splint are routine procedure for maxillofacial fracture and orthognathic surgery. When these methods could obstruct oral airway the patients who kept intermaxillary fixation and occusal splint in their mouth, are very difficult to breath after surgery. Nasal bleeding and pharyngeal edema due to nasotracheal intubation, residual effect of muscle relaxants, and anesthetic agent could be contributing factor of airway obstruction. In this study, pulmonary function test was evaluated before and after intermaxillary fixation, and intermaxillary fixation with occusal splint in 22 volunteers. The results were as follows 1. FVC, %FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1%$, PEF, $PEF_{50}$, MVV without intermaxillary fixtion were 4.45L, 88%, 4.03L, 90.9%, 10.26L/s, 5.53L/s, and 136.14L/min, and with intermaxillary fixation were 3.51L, 68.67%, 3.06L, 69.39L, 6.52L/s, 3.94L/s, and 69.39L/min. The results with intermaxillary fixation and occusal splint were 2.15L, 42.41%, 1.71L, 38.81%, 2.83L/s, 1.74L/s, and 37.14L/min. 2. Compared with before and after intermaxillary fixation, all values of pulmonary function test were decreased and after intermaxillary fixation and intermaixillary fixation with occulasal splint, the results were decreased. 3. MVV and PEF were decreased significantly with interaxillary fixtion and occusal splint, and FVC was less decreased. It meant that intermaxillary fixation and occluasal splint induced reduction of respiratory flow significantly, but less reduction of respiratory volume. 4. Intermaxillary fixation and occulsal splint induced increase of airway resistance, decrease of expiratory volume and air flow. So severe respiratory difficulty could be seen to all volunteers who kept intermaxillary fixtion and occusal splint. 5. In classification of respiratory difficulty, intermaxillary fixation with occulsal splint induced complex respiratory difficulty more than intermaxillary fixation only did. From the above results, doctors who care patients kept intermaxillary fixation and occusal splint should be aware of respiratory depression caused by these treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.29-38
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• 2013

The G-class cement is commonly used in practice for geothermal well cementing in order to protect a steel casing that is designed to transport hot water/steam from deep subsurface to ground surface during operating a geothermal power plant. In order to maintain optimal performance of geothermal wells, physical properties of the cementing material should be satisfactory. In this paper, relevant factors (i.e., groutability, uniaxial compression strength, thermal conductivity and free fluid content) of the G-class cement were experimentally examined with consideration of various water-cement (w/c) ratios. Important findings through the experiments herein are as follows. (1) Groutability of the G-class cement increases by adding a small dose of retarder. (2) There would be a structural defect caused when the w/c ratio is kept higher in order to secure groutability. (3) Thermal conductivity of the G-class cement is small enough to prevent heat loss from hot steam or water to the outer ground formation during generating electricity. (4) The G-class cement does not form free water channel in cementing a geothermal well. (5) The Phenolphthalein indicator is applicable to the distinction of the G-class cement from the drilling mud.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.399-422
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate a fragment of possibility of pulpotomy with the Nd-YAG laser by the observation of pulpal healing process and the fine structural changes of the fibroblasts of the remaining pulpal tissues. Class V cavities on !55 teeth from 4 adult dogs were prepared and the pulp chambers were opened with a sterilized round bur. In the control group(19 teeth), the exposed coronal pulps were excised by a sharp excarvator. After bleeding was controlled with the sterilized cotton pellets, calcium hydroxide powder was applied on the remaining pulpal tissues and the cavities were sealed with Z.O.E. In the experimental group 1 : the pulpotomy with laser-calcium hydroxide powder application group(l9 teeth), the exposed coronal pulps were excised by Nd-YAG laser(10 watts power, 2 psi water, 20 psi air) for 2 or 3 seconds and calcium hydroxide powder was applied on the remaining pulpal tissues and the cavities were sealed with Z.O.E. In the experimental group 2 : the pulpotomy with laser-no calcium hydroxide powder application group(17 teeth), after amputating the coronal pulps with Nd-YAG laser as the experimental group 1, the remaining pulpal tissues were covered with stenilized aluminum foil and the cavities were filled with Z.O.E. The animals were sacrificed at the intervals of 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. All the teeth were rouutinely processed and the remaining pulpal tissues were observed by the light microscope and electron microscope. The results were as follows : 1. In light microscopic findings, there was no significant difference of the inflammatory response in the remaining pulpal tissues between the control group and the experimental groups. In both of the experimental group 1 : pulpotomy with laser-calcium hydroxide powder application group and the control group, the dentin bridges were observed after 2 weeks and the structure of the dentin bridge was almost same. In the experimental group 2 : pulpotomy with laser-no calcium hydroxide powder application group, the fibrous layers instead of dentin bridge were observed on the superficial portion of the remaining pulpal tissues after 2 weeks and they were consisted with densely crowded active fibroblasts. 2. In the electronmicroscopic findings, the active fibroblasts in the experimental groups were more frequently observed than in the control group at 1 week. But active fibroblasts were found with same frequency after 2 weeks in all of the control group and the experimental groups. 3. General distortions of the cell such as loss of the cell membrane, vaculoization of the cell etc. were observed at the suberficial layer of the remaining pulpal tissues and the carbonization was found in the dentinal wall in 1 week of the experimental groups. 4. In the experimental group 2 : pulpotomy with laser-no calcium hydroxide powder application group, the activity and the density of the fibroblasts in the fibrous layer were more than those in the deep portion of the remaining pulpal tissues after 2 weeks. 5. In the control group, bacteria such as cocci and bacilli were observed frequently, but in the experimntal groups, they could not be observed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.287-293
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• 1999

Background: Medical treatment of multiple drug resistant(MDR) pulmonary tuberculosis has been quite unsuccessful. We analyzed our experience to identify the benefits and complications of the pulmonary resection in MDR pulmonary tuberculosis. Material and Method: A retrospective review was performed in 27 patients who unerwent pulmonary resection for MDR pulmonary tuberculosis between January 1994 and March 1998. Mean age was 40 years and the average history of diagnosis prior to surgery was 3.1 years. All had resistance to an average of 4.4 drugs, and received second line drugs selected according to the drug sensitivity test. Most patients (93%) had cavitary lesions as the main focus. Bilateral lesions were identified in 19 patients (70%), however, the main focus was recognized in one side of the lung. Eleven patients (41%) were converted to negative sputum smear and/or culture before surgery. Result: Pneumonectomy was performed in 9 patients, lobectomy in 16 and segmentectomy in 2. There was no operative mortality. Morbidity had occurred in 7 patients (26%), prolonged air leak in 3 patients, reoperation due to bleeding in 2, bronchopleural fistula in 1, and reversible neurologic defect in 1. Median follow up period was 15 months (3-45 months). Sputum negative conversion was initially achieved in 22 patients (82%), and with continuous postopertive chemotherapy negative conversion was achieved in other 4 patients (14%). Only one pneumonectized patient (4%) failed due to considerable contralateral cavity. Conclusion: For patients with localized MDR pulmonary tuberculosis and with adequate pulmonary reserve function, surgical pulmonary resection combined with appropriate pre and postoperative anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy can achieve high success rate with acceptable morbidity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.417-422
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• 2019

Hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures show a remarkably high mortality rate of 40% to 60%. However, their standard of care remains controversial. We report here a case of a 78-year-old woman who was admitted to the Emergency Department with pelvic pain following a fall. Based on pelvic radiography, she was diagnosed with an unstable pelvic fracture. Her blood pressure was 60/40 mmHg, and owing to her unstable vital signs, emergency angiography was performed without computed tomography (CT). Both internal iliac arteries were embolized without sub-branch selection for prompt control of pelvic bleeding. Following embolization, her vital signs were stabilized. Subsequent CT revealed free intra-abdominal air, suggesting bowel perforation had occurred and necessitating emergency laparotomy. An approximately 1 cm-sized free perforation of the small intestine was identified intraoperatively, and primary closure was performed. A retroperitoneal hematoma identified intraoperatively was not explored further because it was a non-expanding and non-pulsatile mass. The patient was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit and transferred to the general ward on postoperative day 3. In this case, the hemodynamically stable pelvic fracture with bowel perforation was successfully and safely treated by prompt angioembolization without conducting CT.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.267-274
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• 2018

Though the wet bottom ash has been used as a type of lightweight aggregate, dry bottom ash, new type bottom ash from coal combustion power plant, has scarcely researched. It is excellent lightweight aggregate in the view point of construction material. This study is performed to check the applicability of dry bottom ash as a fine aggregate in lightweight aggregate concrete, by analyzing various properties of fresh and hardened concrete. We get results that the slump of concrete is within the target range at less than 75% replacement rate of dry bottom ash, the air content is not affected by the replacement rate of dry bottom ash, the bleeding capacity is less than $0.025cm^3/cm^2$ at 75% under of the replacement rate of dry bottom ash, and the compressive strength of concrete show 90% or more comparing the base mix while initial strength development is a little low. Oven dry unit weight of concrete is reduced by 8.9% when replaced 100% dry bottom ash, and dry shrinkage tends to decrease depending on increase of replacement rate of dry bottom ash. Modulus of elasticity of concrete shows no decease at 50% over of the replacement rate of dry bottom ash, while modulus of elasticity of concrete decreases when the replacement rate increases further. The dry bottom ash, when used as a fine aggregate in lightweight concrete, can be used effectively without any deterioration in quality.