• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2019

This study was conducted on a high-temperature/high-pressure washer in which low-pressure cold water in a boiler is heated to a temperature range of $70{\sim}80^{\circ}C$ by supplying diesel combustion heat. The high-temperature water is sent to a compressor to increase its pressure to 200 bar, thereby making high-temperature/high-pressure water, which is sprayed through a spray nozzle. In the results of this study, the spray temperature of the high-pressure washing was shown to be the highest when the ratio between the actual amount of combustible air and the theoretical amount of air was 1:1 and the energy consumption rate of the low-pressure boiler type high-pressure washer was shown to be much lower than that of the high-pressure boiler type high-pressure washer.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze effects of hand drying methods after hand-washing. Hand drying methods consisted of spontaneous evaporation, paper towel, hand dryer with rubbing, and hand dryer without rubbing. Methods: The research design was a crossover design. The subjects were eighteen university students and randomly assigned in four group. Each group had the schedule of treatment. The schedule tested one drying method per a day and proceeded for 4 days. The data collection was performed from July 27 to July 30, 2010. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon test. Results: There was significant difference between the after CFU between natural dry, paper towel, air dryer with hand rubbing, and air dryer without hand rubbing(p=.006). The after CFUs of paper towel, natural dry and air dryer without hand rubbing groups were statistically less than air dryer with hand rubbing group. Conclusion: It was shown that the paper towel, spontaneous evaporation and without rubbing hand dryer are effective hand drying interventions on reducing CFU on hand. However additional researches with large sample and strict methodology are needed.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.506-512
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• 2006

전해수로 처리한 생식 원료 백미, 현미, 찹쌀, 보리를 열풍건조 및 동결건조를 실시하여 이화학적 특성 및 기능성 성분의 변화를 조사하였다. 백미, 현미, 찹쌀, 보리의 단백질, 지방, 탄수화물, 회분 등 성분의 함량은 전해수로 처리하여 열풍건조 및 동결건조를 통하여서는 거의 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 백미, 현미, 찹쌀, 보리는 전해수로 처리하여 열풍건조 및 동결건조를 실시한 후 L값과 a값이 변화가 없는 것으로 관찰되었고 백미와 찹쌀의 열풍건조를 실시한 시료가 증가한 것으로 나타났으나 전해수로 처리하고 동결건조를 실시한 시료와 전해수 처리를 하지 않고 동결건조를 실시한 시료는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 식이섬유의 함량은 열풍친조를 실시한 시료가 증가를 나타냈으나 전해수로 처리한 시료와 처리하지 많은 시료 사이에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 백미, 현미, 찹쌀, 보리 중의 niacin 함량과 보리 중의 ${\beta}-glucan$ 함량은 열풍건조 및 동결건조를 실시한 시료가 서로 차이를 보이지만 전해수로 처리하여 동결건조를 실시한 시료와 전해수로 처리하지 않고 동결건조를 실시한 시료 사이에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 동결건조를 진행한 시료는 전해수 처리 전후 이화학적 특성과 기능성 성분 함량이 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로, 생식 원료 중 곡류인 백미, 현미, 찹쌀, 보리의 전해수 처리 시 이들의 이화학적 특성 중 단백질, 지방, 및 탄수화물, 회분, 및 식이섬유의 함량과 색도에는 영향을 주지 않았고 기능성 물질 중 niacin과 ${\beta}-glucan$의 함량은 전해수 처리 후 열풍건조 시 약간의 영향을 나타냈으나 동결건조 시에는 전혀 영향을 주지 않았으므로 전해수를 이용한 세척을 생식 제조에 충분히 사용이 가능하다고 생각된다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 1995

An experimental investigation has been made for flow in a circular cylinder with a rotating bottom disk. Flow system considered in this paper is a characteristic model of interior flows of an electric washing machine. Flows in a tub of an electric washing machine are driven by a rotating bottom disk called a pulsator. The simple and characteristic model was composed of a circular cylinder with impulsively rotating endwall disk and a viscous fluid in it. Rotational motion of the pulsator is periodic and alternative in rotation direction. The flow field in the interior region is governed by a horizontal boundary layer forms on the impulsively rotating disk. Experimental approach was accomplished by adopting an image processing technique for velocity measurements. Comprehensive details of the flow structure are presented. Also a meridional circulation is obtained by tracking image particles suspended in the fluid. Flow structure and data are successfully procured for this complex rotating flow field.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1997년도 동계 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.313-320
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• 1997

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 1992

This study was carried out to compare the effect of caustic soda with the effect of caustic potash on cotton fabric. Instead of caustic potash, sodium carbonate similar in chemical composition to caustic potash was used. The damage of cotton cellulose by repeated washing in various alkaline solutions at 8$0^{\circ}C$, 60 rpm was examined. The damage of cotton cellulose by the variation of copper number, carboxyl content, degree of polymerization and retained tensile strength was estimated. The results obtained at this study are as follows; 1. The damage of cotton by caustic soda was severer than caustic potash. The retained tensile strength at 50 washing cycle in caustic soda was 59% and in sodium carbonate was 80%. 2. By adding soap to caustic soda, the damage of cotton fabric decreased because contact area between fabric and air diminished by foam. 3. Detergency of EMPA 101 in caustic soda was lower than sodium carbonate. Consequently, using caustic soda that damage fabric severely and have lower detergency for caustic potash is unreasonable.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2021

Laundry industry has traditionally been considered an industry that generates large amounts of wastewater and Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs). This is still the case until now. Household laundry detergents are produced and distributed within the safety regulations on the amount of harmful substances detected. While industrial laundry detergents are often distributed without safety regulations, and even laundry workers manufacture and use them on their own. This contaminates water and air and also threatens the safety of workers. This study is a basic study for distributing eco-friendly detergents(EFD-A) developed through previous studies to the laundry industry. Safety, washability and wastewater quality of EFD-A are evaluated. Three existing commercial detergents(PD1, PD2, LD4) are also evaluated to compare with EFD-A. The safety of detergents is confirmed by the content of optical brightener, VOCs, and arsenic. Washability is evaluated by the difference in reflectance of washed and unwashed artificial soiled fabrics according to detergent concentration, washing temperature, and washing time. TOC is used as the index of assessing the wastewater quality. The results are as follows; EFD-A doesn't contain the optical brighteners, VOCs, and arsenic. The optimal washing conditions for EFD-A are 3 g/L concentration, 40 ℃ washing temperature, and 30 min washing time. The soil removal efficiency is about 71 %, which was similar to or somewhat superior to that of PD1, PD2, and LD4. TOC is 63.5 %, which is about 15 % lower than the discharge limit. Through this study, the developed detergent EFD-A can be used as a safe and eco-friendly detergent for the human body and the environment.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.540-549
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• 2005

It was the purpose of this study to investigate the effect of chitosan treatment and mordanting on the air-permeability, fastness of the dyestuff to washing, fastness of the dyestuff to light, and antimicrobial effect of cotton and nylon fabrics dyed using Rhusjara ica. In the dyeing experiment, examinations were made on the difference between the chitosan treated fabrics and chitosan untreated fabrics, and on the difference according to the type of mordanting agents and the mordanting methods. Dyeing was carried out for the chitosan treated and untreated fabrics under the conditions of non-mordanting and Al, Sn, Fe mordanting. As a result, due to the dye-uptake of the dyestuff component of the Rhusjara ica, the air-permeability values decreased considerably. And due to the action of the mordanting agents, the air-permeability decreased also. The air-permeability decreased more conspicuously in the case of the dyestuffs uptake to the chitosan components than in the case of the dyestuffs uptake to the cotton fibers or nylon fibers. Nylon dyed fabric exhibited better wash fastness than the cotton dyed fabric. As the number of washing increased, the color of the cotton fabric specimens and nylon fabric specimens, dyed using Rhusjara ica, shifted toward yellowish. The light fastness values were in the range of grade 1${\~}$2, which were very inferior. The light fastness values did not improve according to the mordanting or to the chitosan treatment. In the case of chitosan untreated fabrics dyed using Rhusjara ica, the growth rate of the bacteria promoted, on the contrary, compared to that of the control white fabric.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.442-447
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• 2006

In semiconductor manufacturing clean rooms, it becomes important to remove airborne molecular contaminants as well as particulate contaminant in outdoor air introduced into clean rooms. One suitable control technique for these chemical contaminants is air washing by water in an outdoor air handling unit. In order to enhance the removal efficiency of chemical contaminants the effect of adding a heating and humidifying process before an air washer was examined.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.352-354
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• 2008