• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.76-85
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• 2012

Air traffic controllers often experience fatigue and stress on the job due to work-related factors. Performance impairment resulting from fatigue and stress is an important concern for aviation safety. The goal of this research was to investigate fatigue and stress factors for air traffic controllers. The research involved an extensive literature review of fatigue and stress in the air traffic control environment and surveyed fatigue and job stress level of Korean air traffic controllers compared to other occupation groups. Results of survey showed that fatigue and stress levels of air traffic controllers were significantly higher than other occupation groups. Specially air traffic controllers reported that night work created high level of fatigue and perceived that physical environment and job demand induced high level of stress. In addition, implications for fatigue and stress management were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.22-33
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• 2020

Due to recent increased air traffic,, air traffic controllers in charge of en-route and approach control have faced huge increase in both workload and its intensity. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how much safety culture of air traffic controllers has effect on their complexity mitigation strategies during their duties. It could be expected complexity mitigation improve air traffic flow resulting in enhancing safety eventually. According to empirical analysis against air traffic controllers in civil aviation and air force in South Korea, it was proven safety culture had a statistically positive effect on complex mitigation strategies through safety behavior. In safety culture among air traffic controllers, intrinsic culture had a positive effect on extrinsic value of safety culture. Intrinsic value of safety culture led to air traffic controllers' safety behavior which created work complexity mitigation strategies. Among work complexity mitigation strategies, communication and cooperation was proven to be the most important factor effected by safety culture and behavior. It was implied that enhancing the intrinsic values of safety culture would cause to improve extrinsic safety culture and air traffic controller's work efficiency.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.90-98
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• 2017

This paper is concerned with air traffic controllers' fatigue and stress that they experience during their daily job particularly as being shift workers. Previous researches reveal that the controllers' fatigue and stress increase by several factors including time spent at work, traffic intensity, visibility, etc. The researches also indicate that air traffic controllers' fatigue and stress can be reasonably surrogated by their heart rate. We set three hypotheses relating the influencing factors and the fatigue and stress represented by the heart rates. Using wrist bands, air traffic controllers' heart rates at various situations are collected at Choongju airport. The hypothetical tests explicitly confirm that the heart rate is highly correlated with the traffic level and the time spent at work. In particular, it be shown that even when handling the same traffic level, air traffic controllers' stress level increases as the time they spent at work increases.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.64-75
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• 2018

A status of air traffic controller is a government officer and air traffic controllers who work at airport are divided by duty rating and work experience. Abiding by law, rules and regulation, air traffic controllers are working together based on mutual trust. This paper's theoretical background is based on cultural bias theory. The theory divide people group into four groups according to cultural bias such as fatalism, hierarchy, individualism and egalitarianism. A research model was designed how such four cultural bias could affect air traffic controller's risk response in case of emergency or abnormal situation during their work. Depend on empirical research, it was found that air traffic controllers perceived they had been more biased to fatalism than hierarchy. The characteristics of fatalism group are as follows: first of all, they follow rigid rules and regulation. However, they have less self-efficacy compared to other government officers. According to structural equation model, air traffic controller's fatalism had a significant negative effect on organizational royalty. Their royalty, however, had a very significant positive effect on planning response and immediate response.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.67-100
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• 2017

Throughout the history of the aviation industry, from its origins in the $20^{th}$century to the present, accidents have always occurred. This paper deals with the legal liability of air traffic controllers, who represent one of the human factors causing these accidents. Though controller negligence turns out to be a main cause of the accident, Korea does not have additional judical case, since it was firstly declared that controller negligence was accountable for the air traffic accident in 1971. As such, we examine the liability of air traffic controllers as public officers. This paper looks not only at the role of air traffic controllers and pilots in accidents, but also at the applicability of controller liability in the context of Korean law. We determine that despite the high-stress environment, air traffic controllers must share in the responsibility to provide safe air navigation. Therefore, they cannot avoid legal liability.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.153-159
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• 2009

This study was conducted in search of the acceptance level of air traffic services from domestic airlines pilot's perspective in comparison with male controllers and female controllers. Pilots responded to the questionnaire that female ATC controllers are of significance to male controllers in terms of pronunciation, accuracy of English grammar, attitude and kindness. Besides, The ICAO aviation English proficiency level four test revealed that female controllers were found superior to male controllers in terms of rating scales of holistic descriptors.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2012

The air traffic situation variables were emphasized in this research to review the awareness level of job performance of military air traffic controllers in application of air traffic situation variables such as detection of aircraft identification, type of aircraft, position ,speed, altitude, determination of separation between departing and arriving in-trail aircraft, physical airport conditions, adverse weather conditions, NAVAID outage and ATC facilities' operational status. In this respect, This study was conducted under the auspice of ATC facility operating agencies and devoting air force air traffic controller's participation by answering the questionnaires from nine radar approach control facilities and other air traffic control towers.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 2014

In this paper, we reviews the need and contents of aerodrome control simulator for air traffic controllers' training. In the view of managing the aviation safety, the departure and landing phases of aircraft are very important, because more than 60% of aircraft accidents and incidents have occurred in the take-off and landing phases. According to the benchmark each as practice type, simulation device and fidelity of reality of the air traffic control simulator, we have evaluated the implementation level of the domestic air traffic control simulator and checked up the current simulator's problems through the air traffic controllers' survey. Therefore, we suggest to the direction of developing a HI-FI simulator for aerodrome controllers.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.17-24
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• 2007

Analyses of eye tracking and think-aloud protocol data were performed to examine novice-expert differences in perceptual and cognitive aspects of air traffic controllers' situation awareness. In Experiment 1, three groups of field air traffic controllers (experts, intermediates, novices) were asked to perceive situations that were manipulated by situation complexity. In Experiment 2, protocol analysis for previous situation awareness tasks was performed to extract different task models and strategy models as a function of expertise. Then delayed-recall task and interviews about air control plans for the recalled situations were also executed. Results showed that expert controllers concentrate only on several critical features and have their own strategies to reduce mental workloads.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 2023

GAIN in the US explained in its Pilot/Controller Collaboration Initiatives report that "pilots and air traffic controllers talk to each other all day long, but they rarely communicate." The starting point for the study was the question of whether differences in flight safety perceptions and culture between pilots and air traffic controllers, or other factors, could lead to mutual misunderstandings of procedures and instructions. Digest with The many processes that must be solved within tight deadlines increase the likelihood of accidents through cascading risk factors such as James Reason's Swiss Cheese Theory. Despite the fact that the pilot-air traffic controller complex, which is the subject of flight, occupies a considerable part, there is no integrated management for safe operation between the two groups. Therefore, this research aims to achieve integrated management of safety and education for safe operation between pilots and air traffic controllers through JCRM..