• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.323-330
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the occurrence level of harmful chemical substance and the riskiness caused by it at university laboratory, which had been faintly interested in safe health management. It measured and analyzed indoor pollutants by academic department targeting K university where is located in Seoul Metropolis for 6 days starting from May 26, 2010. As a result, the appearance of being furnished with MSDS, the appearance of installing the exposure-reduction facilities, and the present status of supplying protective equipment in order to grasp the present status of managing harmful chemical substance at university laboratory were relatively good in management at the Dept. of Chemistry, the Dept. of Physics, and the Dept. of Medical Science, which are basic science laboratories. The activity for managing harmful chemical substance in the Dept. of Dental Medicine and the Dept. of Fine Arts was surveyed to be insufficient. Also, the concentration of formaldehyde and TVOCs(total volatile organic compounds) inside laboratory was detected noticeably highly in the Dept. of Fine Arts compared to other laboratories. The concentration of formaldehyde in a group, which was collectivized by similar academic department, was indicated to be higher in other academic departments including the Dept. of Fine Arts and the Dept. of Life Science, thereby having shown significant difference. The concentration of formaldehyde and TVOCs showed significant difference at the laboratory without installation compared to the laboratory with installation of fume hood. Seeing the above results, it could be known that a whole drop in recognition on influence of chemical upon health leads to being able to increase occurrence level of hazardous factor due to being insufficient in activity of protecting exposure to chemical substance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.531-537
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• 2013

In this study, we conducted real-time measurement at the ship arrivals and departures at the port and at a constant speed of 150 rpm for exhaust emissions from a main engine installed on the training ship, HANBADA, of Korea Maritime University. The result showed that the concentration of nitrogen oxide was measured in the range of 800 ppm to 1,000 ppm at constant speed mode. On the other hand, the concentration of nitrogen oxide during ship arrivals and departures was significantly fluctuated between 210 ppm and 1,230 ppm. And, the concentration of carbon oxide at the arrivals and departures was also larger than that of at constant speed mode. These results show that the ship maneuvering skills to prevent a sudden load change of main engine at the arrivals and departures of ship is needed. Additionally, it means that the difference of exhaust emissions generated between the constant speed mode and the arrival/departure has to be considered when invented many technologies are adopted into the reduction technologies of air pollutants from ships.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.24-37
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• 2011

The ionic compositions of atmospheric aerosols were investigated and characterized in coastal and mountainous sites of Jeju Island, which were Gosan and Mt. Halla-1100 sites respectively. It was found that the concentrations of nss-$SO_4^{2-}$ (non-sea salt sulfate) and $NH_4^+$ at two measurement sites were almost similar and they showed high concentrations in June at the same time. The concentration of soil-originated nss-$Ca^{2+}$ (non-sea salt calcium) was generally associated with that of anthropogenic $NO_3^-$ and its concentration was increased during spring season. From the comparison of time-series variation and regression analysis of ionic species between two measurement sites, TSP (total suspended particulate) in Gosan site was directly influenced by sea salt particles and the concentration levels of nss-$SO_4^{2-}$, $NH_4^+$, nss-$Ca^{2+}$, $K^+$, and $NO_3^-$ were mainly related with long-range transported air pollutants rather than local pollution sources.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.131-140
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• 2020

Air pollutants emitted from chimneys of coal-fired power plants are considered to be a major source of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere. In order to manage fine particle in the chimney of a coal-fired power plant, it is necessary to know the concentration of fine particle emitted in real time, but the current system is difficult. In this study, a real-time measurement system for chimney fine particle was developed, and measurements were performed on six coal-fired power plants. Through the measurements, the mass concentration distribution according to the particle size could be secured. All six chimneys showed bimodal distribution, and the count median diameters of each mode were 0.5 and 1.1 ㎛. In addition, it was compared with the gravimetric measurement method, and it was determined that the relative accuracy for PM10 was within 20%, and the value measured using the developed measuring instrument was reliable. Finally, three power plants were continuously measured for one month, and as a result of comparing the concentration of PM10 according to the amount of power generation, it was confirmed that the PM10 discharged from the chimney increased in the form of an exponential function according to the amount of power generation.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.339-355
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• 2021

Background: Particulate matter (PM₁₀, PM_2.5) and black carbon contribute to poor air quality in urban areas, and can also affect indoor environments. Exposure to PM can be associated with respiratory and lung diseases. Objectives: This study investigated the indoor and outdoor concentration distribution patterns of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and black carbon at an apartment building, a typical residential space in the metropolitan areas of South Korea, by season, day of the week (weekday vs. weekend), and time of the day. It aims to obtain foundational data for the effective management of pollutants and investigate the difference in pollution levels between indoor and outdoor environments. Methods: Indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM and black carbon were measured at an apartment building located in Namyangju, Gyeonggi-do Province, using dust sensors and an Aethalometer AE51 (AethLabs, San Francisco, CA, USA) over the course of a year from June 2020 to May 2021. The concentration distribution patterns were analyzed by season and time of day. Results: PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations in the outdoor environment were higher than those in the indoor environment, regardless of the season. By contrast, the indoor black carbon concentration was higher than that in the outdoor environment during summer and autumn. The concentrations of PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and black carbon were found to be higher on weekdays than during weekends, especially during rush hour, with concentrations of 25.92~56.58 ㎍/m³, 21.12~44.82 ㎍/m³, 0.63~3.40 ㎍/m³. Conclusions: The outdoor concentrations of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and black carbon were higher during the weekdays, especially during rush hour, than during weekends. This study is expected to provide basic data for the health management of apartment occupants because it is measured over a period of more than one year.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.265-282
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• 2022

This study analyzes the impact of long-range transport of biomass burning emissions from northeastern China on the concentration of particulate matter of diameter less than 10 ㎛ (PM₁₀) in Korea using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem). Korea was impacted by anthropogenic emissions from eastern China, dust storms from northern China and Mongolia, and biomass burning emissions from northeast China between April 4-and 7, 2020. The contributions of long-range PM₁₀ transport were calculated by separating biomass burning emissions from mixed air pollutants with anthropogenic emissions and dust storms using the zeroing-out method. Further, the radiation energy budget over land and sea around the Korean Peninsula was analyzed according to the distribution of biomass burning emissions. Based on the WRF-Chem simulation during April 5-6, 2020, the contribution of long-range transport of biomass burning emissions was calculated as 60% of the daily PM₁₀ average in Korea. The net heat flux around the Korean Peninsula was in a negative phase due to the influence of the large-scale biomass burning emissions. However, the contribution of biomass burning emissions was analyzed to be <45% during April 7-8, 2020, when the anthropogenic emissions from eastern China were added to biomass burning emissions, and PM₁₀ concentration increased compared with the concentration recorded during April 5-6, 2020 in Korea. Furthermore, the net heat flux around the Korean Peninsula increased to a positive phase with the decreasing influence of biomass burning emissions.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2009

The pig slurry is one of important fertilizer source for production of crops in recent years, but it has many controversial points of utilization such as offensive odor, lack of spread equipment and farmland possession, respectively. This study was carried out in order to remove water pollutants and malodor of pig slurry using biofiltration system. The biofiltration system consists of pig slurry separator, mixing shift and attached blade for sawdust or ricehull, air injection nozzle and outlet for pig slurry and sawdust or ricehull. The characteristics pH, $BOD_5$ (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), $COD_{Mn}$ (Chemical Oxygen Demand), SS (Suspended Solid), T-N (Total Nitrogen), T-P (Total Phosphorus) of the untreated pig slurry used in this study were 7.2, 34,450, 24,604, 71,000, 4,194, $1,631\;ml/{\ell}$, respectively. The $NH_3$ (Ammonia) and $H_2S$(Hydrogen Sulfide) concentration were 70.0, 9.6 ppm, respectively. The initial total microorganisms of pig slurry were $5.0{\times}10^3\;cfu/ml$, and Salmonella, Bacillus were $5.8{\times}10^2$, $1.1{\times}10^3\;cfu/ml$, respectively. The filtration system was very effective on removal of water pollutants of pig slurry. The removal efficiency of the offensive odor of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in sawdust was higher than those of ricehull. The total microorganisms and bacillus of pig slurry are on the increase by sawdust and ricehull, but Salmonella showed a tendency to decrease in number after that time. Accordingly, the filtration system was very effective to produce a good quality pig slurry.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.263-270
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• 2010

This is a research on development of water purification equipment called artificial floating island (=AFI) for the stagnant water area which can secure exuberant landscape and water-friendility. The equipment devised in this study is designed to make up the weakness of conventional AFIs and improves the removal efficiency of pollutants using the mixture of media and plants. The air compressor positioned at the inlet releases air with inflow continuously, the water pump at the outlet sprays as a form of fountain with causing a disturbance on stable water column, then, both of them contribute improvement of water quality over a large area. We applied Bio-stone as a media in this system and performed an experiment of pre-efficiency test, and we concluded that the higher pollutants concentration of inflow, the higher removal efficiency we obtained. At the result of lab-scale experiment, in the case of high-concentration inflow, in the removal efficiency of SS is 62.2%, BOD is 50.2%, COD is 55.1%, T-N is 31.6%, T-P is 38.4%. In addition, to evaluate the field application, we set up the facilities in Sin-gal lake located in Yongin-Si Gyeonggi-Do, and researched on the removal efficiency of outflow relative to the inflow. As a result, SS is 53.5%, BOD is 32.8%, COD is 36.9%, T-N is 22.6%, T-N is 33.2%.

• Clean Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.367-371
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• 2021

The oxy-combustion system is one of the carbon recovery and storage technologies (CCS: Carbon capture & storage) that performs coal combustion using pure oxygen and recirculated flue gas. This is a technology that facilitates storage of carbon dioxide by generating an exhaust gas consisting of only carbon dioxide without a process of separating carbon dioxide and nitrogen when coal is burned using pure oxygen and recirculated flue gas mixture instead of a conventional air combustion system that produces carbon dioxide and nitrogen mixed exhaust gas. In this study, the characteristics of generated NO and SO₂ as atmospheric pollutants during oxy-combustion were examined using O₂/CO₂ mixed simulation gas. The reaction temperature was varied from 900 ℃ to 1200 ℃ and oxygen partial pressure was varied from 30% to 50%. The results showed that NO and SO₂ concentrations in flue gas increased as the oxygen concentration and the reaction temperature in the furnace increased. The partial pressure of CO₂ in flue gas also increased as the oxygen concentration and the reaction temperature in the furnace increased. As a results of comparing NO production of 30% O₂/CO₂ oxy-combustion with air combustion, NO in flue gas increased with reaction temperature in both experiments and NO of oxy-combustion was 40 ~ 80 ppm lower than that of air combustion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Urban Environment
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.485-494
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• 2018

This study aims to identify the characteristics of oxidation and chemical composition of PM in winter season, 2017 at Incheon area. The mean concentration of air pollutants were $46{\pm}22{\mu}g/m^3-PM_{10}$, $29{\pm}18{\mu}g/m^3/-PM_{2.5}$, $5{\pm}3ppb-SO_2$, $0.56{\pm}0.24ppm-CO$, $21{\pm}13ppb-O_3$ and $28{\pm}17ppb-NO_2$, respectively. The dominant ion of the $PM_{1.0}$ chemical component were organic with $3.2{\mu}g/m^3$ and nitrate with $1.9{\mu}g/m^3$. The day and night variation of the $PM_{1.0}$ chemical components was higher in nighttime than those of daytime. The averaged nitrate oxidation rate (SOR) was 0.06 and sulfate oxidation rate was 0.11 during the field campaign. In the high mass loading period, nitrate oxidation rate (NOR) was up to 0.6 and also the nitrate in $PM_{1.0}$ was increased. The averaged ratio of $NO_x/SO_2$ was 8.7 and nitrate/sulfate was 3.1, respectively. In this results, the nitrate component in $PM_{1.0}$ was influenced by NOx from the stationary source as power plant and the mobile source around the measurement site.