• 항공우주의학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of fatigue and its associated factors leading to the fatigue among Korean commercial airline pilots. Methods: An anonymous, web-based questionnaire collecting data on sleep related characteristics was completed by airline pilots. The final 1,029 samples of completed questionnaires were analyzed. The association of the risk factors with fatigue was determined using logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of fatigue was 60% (Fatigue Severity Scale index≥3.2), disturbed sleep 28% (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index≥9), daytime sleepiness 17% (Epworth Sleepiness Scale≥10), and sleep apnea (Berlin Questionnaire≥2) 11%. The fully adjusted logistic regression showed that quality of life (odds ratio [OR]=0.16, confidence interval [CI]=0.11-0.24), daytime sleepiness (OR=1.26, CI=1.18-1.34), sleep quality (OR=1.44, CI=1.29-1.61), mental workload (OR=1.10, CI=1.05-1.14), vigorous physical activity (OR=0.82, CI=0.72-0.92), late starts (OR=1.25, CI=1.06-1.46) and average weekly flying hours (OR=1.02, CI=1.00-1.03) were associated with higher levels of fatigue. Conclusion: Lower quality of life, disturbed sleep, more subjective sleepiness, shorter sleep duration, higher mental workload, less vigorous physical activity, frequent late starts, and longer flying hour were shown to be risk factors for fatigue in airline pilots. These findings should be taken into account in the development of sleep and fatigue countermeasures for airline pilots.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.485-493
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• 2011

In Korea, PM (Particulate Matter) emissions caused by coal-fired power plants are measured by a system, so called Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS), which uses foreign emission factors. However, the system fails to reflect the characteristics of domestic power plants. In this regard, this study aims to develop local, accurate domestic emission factors. The study measured the amount of TSP (Total Suspended Particulates), PM10 and PM2.5 by collecting samples from the latter parts of pollution control devices which were installed at 3 bituminous-fired power plants and 3 anthracite-fired power plants. The results showed that the average concentrations of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 measured at bituminous-fired power plants were 4.63 mg/$Sm^3$, 2.96 mg/$Sm^3$ and 3.07 mg/$Sm^3$ respectively, much higher than those from anthracite-fired power plants (2.96 mg/$Sm^3$, 2.47 mg/$Sm^3$ and 1.37 mg/$Sm^3$, respectively). In addition, bituminous-fired power plants showed higher ratios of PM10/TSP and PM2.5/TSP with 0.66 and 0.92, respectively, compared to 0.82 and 0.46, the ratios of PM10/TSP and PM2.5/TSP measured in anthracite-fired power plants. Emission factors based-on concentration measurements were also higher for bituminous-fired power plants, and PM with smaller particles tended to have bigger difference in emission factors between the two fuels. This study calculated the amount of PM emissions by using the estimated emission factors. When it comes to the PM emissions, it was less than that of CAPSS while similar to that of CleanSYS in its amount. It is expected that the emission factors developed by this study will be used in Korea replacing foreign emission factors currently used in Korea by ensuring the objectivity and reliability as domestic emission factors.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.492-500
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to estimate the applicability of regional sample collection of environmental samples. The concentration of asbestos fibers were analyzed with two devices. One was an existing commercial air sampling pump that has been proved to be accurate and exact, and the other is a remodeled pump for sample collection which was made from an electric bubble generator originally designed for aquarium fish. Samples were collected with the two devices under the same environmental conditions and collection equipment. A comparative analysis of the concentration of ambient asbestos fiber was then performed. Methods: Based on previous research, six farmhouses with asbestos fiber slate roofs known to have high concentrations of asbestos fiber were selected. Using the existing commercial air sampling pump and the remodeled electric bubble generator, four to seven samples were collected each day one meter downwind from the edge of the slate roof at high volume (about 4 L/min) and low volume (about 1.4 L/min). The analyzer responsible for sample quality control of asbestos fibers counted the number of asbestos fibers with a phase microscope. Results: The rates of flow change of the existed sampler and the remodeled pump at high volume were 0.82% and 0.17%, respectively. The rates of flow change at low volume were 3.83% and 1.09%, but there was not significant difference. The rates of flow change are within the error range (${\pm}5%$) of OSHA analyzing methods. For the high volume sampler, the average asbestos fiber concentration in the air collected by the existed sampler is 6.270 fibers/L and for the remodeled one 5.527 fibers/L, not a significant difference. For the low volume sampler, the average asbestos fiber concentration in the air collected by the existed sampler is 7.755 fibers/L and for the remodeled one 7.706 fibers/L, not a significant difference. The total area of the slate roof of the targeted farmhouse has an effect on the concentration of asbestos fibers in the air from the existing pump and the remodeled one (p<0.01). Conclusions: The sampling function between the existing commercial pump and the remodeled one shows little difference. Therefore, the remodeled pump is considered a pump with a good availability for collecting ambient air asbestos samples.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.573-581
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• 2022

본 논문은 단풍나무 씨앗형 자동회전 과학 탑재체 2개를 사출하고 기상정보를 수집하는 임무를 하는 캔위성을 개발하는 내용을 다루고 있다. 캔위성은 2개의 자동회전형 과학 탑재체와 이를 실을 수 있는 캔위성 본체로 구성된다. 캔위성 본체는 과학 탑재체를 사출하기 위한 장치들과 지상국과의 통신을 위한 장치들을 탑재하고, 각기 다른 지정 고도에서 과학 탑재체를 하나씩 사출한다. 과학 탑재체는 큰 날개와 탑재 공간으로 구성되며, 큰 날개는 회전하면서 양력을 발생시켜 낙하 속도를 늦춘다. 구체적으로, 사출된 이후 20m/s 이하의 속도로 하강하며 회전율, 기압과 온도를 측정하고 초당 1회의 속도로 측정값을 캔위성본체로 송신한다. 통신 시스템은 마스터-슬레이브 구조로 과학 탑재체는 모든 데이터를 마스터인 캔위성본체로 송신하고, 캔위성 본체는 수신받은 데이터와 자체 데이터를 종합하여 지상국으로 전송한다. 자체 개발한 지상국 소프트웨어를 이용해 수신하는 모든 데이터를 실시간으로 확인할 수 있다. 시뮬레이션 환경에서 모의실험을 수행했고, 임무 요구조건을 만족하는 캔위성의 성능을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.481-484
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• 2003

Sulfide minerals contacted with air and water in coal seam cause oxidation reactions. This oxidation reactions make low pH of groundwater and surface water(Acid Drainage). The reddish brown precipitate collected from the cut slope of the study area was estimated using the X-Ray Diffractometer(XRD). XRD results show that the cut slope was affected by Acid Drainage. The cut slope exposured to Acid Drainage become weak about chemical weathering and defile the appearance of the road. Drainage facilities are very important in Cut Slope under Acid Drainage influence. Reactions between Coal seam and water cause chemical weathering and environmental problem. Therefore It is important to control the transfer paths of groundwater and surface water and to install water collecting facilities

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(2)
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• pp.309-312
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• 2001

A primitive gas classification system which can classify limited species of gas was designed and simulated. The 'electronic nose' consists of an array of 4 metal oxide gas sensors with different selectivity patterns, signal collecting unit and a signal pattern recognition and decision Part in PLD(programmable logic device) chip. Sensor array consists of four commercial, tin oxide based, semiconductor type gas sensors. BP(back propagation) neutral networks with MLP(Multilayer Perceptron) structure was designed and implemented on CPLD of fifty thousand gate level chip by VHDL language for processing the input signals from 4 gas sensors and qualification of gases in air. The network contained four input units, one hidden layer with 4 neurons and output with 4 regular neurons. The 'electronic nose' system was successfully classified 4 kinds of industrial gases in computer simulation.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1004-1008
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• 2007

The ice coats are built on 25 kV overhead contact wire when the temperature is lower than $0^{\circ}C$. It generates shockwaves at the mechanical interface of the collecting strips of the pantograph and the contact wire. The de-icing processes should be performed to avoid shockwaves which are generated by a pulsed high-voltage arc discharge. This paper presents temperature analysis of the de-icing effects which could be applied to the overhead contact wire of railways using Joule heat. The results show that 350 A is the proper current for $0^{\circ}C$ conductor according to environmental condition such as velocity of air stream, ambient temperature and moisture.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2020

본 연구는 교통정보 수집 시 사용되고 있는 다양한 수집장비에 대하여 고찰하고, 이에 따른 운영현황 및 문제점을 분석하여, 기존 교통정보 수집방식의 문제점과 오차를 저감시킬 목적으로 드론을 이용한 교통영상정보 수집방법을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 드론을 이용한 현장조사 결과를 기반으로 고도별, 각도별, 방향별로 분석을 시행하였다. 분석결과를 토대로 드론을 이용한 교통영상정보 수집방법에 관한 드론 촬영기준을 제안하였고, 기존의 교통정보 수집방법과 드론을 이용한 교통영상정보 수집방법과의 비교·검토를 통해 장·단점을 제시하였다. 또한, 교통영상정보 수집 시 드론을 활용하여 공중에서 각종 교통정보를 수집할 수 있고, 기존에 설치한 교통정보 수집지점과 더불어 주변의 상황까지 더 광범위하게 수집하고 각종 돌발상황, 재난상황 등 유고상황에 능동적으로 대응하여 이용자에게 주변 교통정보를 제공할 수 있으며, 필요에 따라 수집지점을 변경·확대하는 등 고정식 장비로 수집되는 교통정보를 보완하여 정확한 교통량 조사 목적을 달성하는데 이바지할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2009

The forecasting, mitigation and preparedness of the natural disaster impacts require relevant information regarding the disaster desirable in real time. In the meantime it is requiring the rapid and continuous data and information generation or gathering for possible prediction and monitoring of the natural disaster. Since disasters that cause huge social and economic disruptions normally affect large areas or territories and are linked to global change. The use of traditional and conventional methods for management of the natural disaster impact can not be effectively implemented for intial data col1ection with the further processing. The space technology or remote sensing tools offer excellent possibilities of collecting vital data. The main reason is capability of this technology of collecting data at global and regional scales rapidly and repetitively. This is unchallenged advantage of the space methods and technology. The satellite or remote sensing techniques can be used to monitor the current situation, the situation before based on the data in sight. as well as after disaster occurred. They can be used to provide baseline data against which future changes can be compared while the GIS techniques provide a suitable framework for integrating and analyzing the many types of data sources required for disaster monitoring. Developed GIS is an excellent instrument for definition of the social impact status of the natural disaster which can be undertaken in the future database developments. This methodology is a good source for analysis and dynamic change studies of the natural disaster impacts.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.509-517
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• 2011

최근 일본, 뉴질랜드의 대지진과 같은 대규모 자연재해가 빈번하게 발생하고 있으며, 그 피해규모 역시 방대하다. 자연재해로 인한 긴급 상황에 효율적으로 대처하기 위해서는 재해지역의 정보를 신속 정확하게 취득하는 것이 중요하다. UAV는 낮은 고도에서 비행할 수 있고, 적은 운용비용으로 재해지역의 정보를 수집할 수 있는 효과적인 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 국내외 재해탐지용 UAV운용 관련 규정에 대한 조사 및 분석을 수행하여, 문제점을 도출하고 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 재해탐지용UAV는 항공법 상 명확한 규정이 수립되어 있지 않지만 초경량비행장치로 분류할 수 있으므로 초경량비행장치에 재해탐지용UAV의 정의, 범위, 탑재장비 등의 항목이 추가되어야 할 것이다. 또한 비행허가절차로 인해 효율적인 운용이 어려운 실정이며, 이러한 문제 해결을 위한 예외 규정의 제정이 필요하다. 향후, UAV를 적용한 실제 재해탐지 사례를 바탕으로 현행 규정에 대한 분석적인 연구가 병행된다면 실시간 재해탐지 및 피해조사를 위한 체계적인 개선방안을 제시할 수 있을 것이다.