• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.1 no.3 s.3
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• pp.14-23
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• 2005

Korean government set the goal of 5.6% to use renewable energy in electricity generation by 2011 compared with the current use of 0.13%. To achieve this goal, an innovative plan for market competitiveness would be required in addition to the feed-in-tariff [FIT] which is carried out at present in Korea. As a countermeasure, Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy [MOCIE] has taken it into consideration to introduce a Renewable Portfolio Standard [RPS] that is a purchase obligation program as an alternative plan to the FIT. Furthermore, the active renewable energy market may result from and also reversely result in the aid of North Korea with renewable energy. In this paper, we review The RPS in several country cases. Plans, systems, markets and institutionalization for solving efficiency in the area of renewable energy are discussed.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.525-533
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate maritime officers' strategies to avoid the ship collision in crossing situations. Background: In a situation where there is a risk of collision between two ships, maritime officers can change the direction and speed of the own-ship to avoid the collision. They have four options to select; adjusting the speed only, the direction only, both the speed and direction at the same time and no action. Research questions were whether the strategy they are using differs according to the shipboard experience of maritime officers and the representation method of ARPA (automatic radar plotting aid) - radar graphic information. Method: Participants were 12. Six of them had more than 3 years of onboard experience, while the others were 4th grade students at Korea Maritime and Ocean University. For each participant, 32 ship encounter situations were provided with ARPA-radar information. 16 situations were presented by the north-up display and 16 situations were presented by the track-up display. Participants were asked to decide how to move the own-ship to avoid the ship collision for each case. Results: Most participants attempted to avoid the collision by adjusting the direction of the ship, representing an average of 22.4 times in 32 judgment trials (about 70%). Participants who did not have experience on board were more likely to control speed and direction at the same time than participants with onboard experience. Participants with onboard experience were more likely to control the direction of the ship only. On the other hand, although the same ARPA Information was provided to the participants, the participants in many cases made different judgments depending on the method of information representation; track-up display and north-up display. It was only 25% that the participants made the same judgment under the same collision situations. Participants with onboard experience did make the same judgment more than participants with no onboard experience. Conclusion: In marine collision situations, maritime officers tend to avoid collisions by adjusting only the direction of their ships, and this tendency is more pronounced among maritime officers with onboard experience. The effect of the method of information representation on their judgment was not significant. Application: The results of this research might help to train maritime officers for safe navigation and to design a collision avoidance support system.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2009

Purpose : To grasp the mental burden for legal responsibility that rescue members have in the performance of job. Method : Questionnaire was presented to rescue members serving in 2 direct control safety centers of fire station located in Seoul, Daejon, Incheon, Kwangju, Busan, Daegu and Ulsan. Results : 1. Questioned whether they have mental burden for legal responsibility while performing job on the site, the rescue members responded : very burdensome in 38.0%, burdensome in 56.0%, moderate in 4.5%, not burdensome in 1.0%, no burden at all in 0.5%. 2. Questioned on the first aid treat for which they have the most mental burden, the rescue members responded : intubation into trachea laryngeal mask airway(LMA) in 40.4%, automatic external defibrillator in 16.3%, securing vein providing sap(medicine) in 10.8%, basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 7.2%, eliminating foreign matters inserted into body in 5.4%, stanching external bleeding and treating injury in 5.4%, fixing extremities and spine by using splint in 1.8%, measuring the symptom of vitality in 1.2%, providing oxygen in 0.0%. 3. Questioned whether experiencing legal problem or firm petition(complaint) raised by patient while serving as rescue members, they responded : experiencing a complaint in 41.6%, experiencing no complaint in 58.4%. Asked to indicate the stress level in the scale of which they suffered when lawsuit or firm petition was raised, 0(weak)-10(strong), they answered 8.8 in average. 4. Questioned whether 119 rescue members put the legal responsibility in case that they cause damage to patients intentionally in performing, they responded to the inquiry 3.66 in average(of 5.00). It represented meaningful differences (F=2.874, p=.024) whether they had license or not. 5. In future, legal action will raise against the rescue member by 99% because of people's rights improvement(63.1%), high expectations for the rescue system(29.5%), non-licensed rescue members(5.1%). Conclusion : It was found that the rescue members had severe mental burden for advanced life support which was investigated to have low enforcement rate in the preceding research, for instance, intubation into trachea securing vein management by using automatic external defibrillator. To improve the qualitative level of rescue service in the fire fighting, it may be required to construct the environment that eliminates the mental burden of rescue members for legal responsibility.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.259-267
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• 2020

This study investigates the educational needs of parents of elementary school children, who use smartphones for emergencies. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, and data of 200 parents of students under the 6th grade was collected from October 17 to 27, 2017. The study results indicate that 67.5% parents visited the emergency department due to a child's emergency accident. Of these, 74% respondents replied that they were unaware of how to deal with the emergency at that instance. Most parents had never received education, and were using smart-phones to acquire information on first aid. Ed. Notes: Do you mean education in general (i.e. Most parents were uneducated) or do you mean 'education for emergencies'? Please revise for more clarity. Parents' demand for education on child emergency response scored high, with an average of 3.40 (±0.42) out of 4 points. Among the educational categories, "the management of foreign body airway obstruction and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)" scored the highest average for educational needs (3.64±0.52). This research provides baseline information for understanding the educational needs of parents for first aid for the child. Our findings indicate that the smartphone is potentially an effective educational tool for parents.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.253-274
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• 2020

In this study, text mining and main path analysis (MPA) were applied to understand the origins and development paths of research areas that make up the mainstream of Korean studies. To this end, a quantitative analysis was attempted based on digital texts rather than the traditional humanities research methodology, and the main paths of Korean studies were extracted by collecting documents related to Korean studies including citation information using a citation database, and establishing a direct citation network. As a result of the main path analysis, two main path clusters (Korean ancient agricultural culture (history, culture, archeology) and Korean acquisition of English (linguistics)) were found in the key-route search for the Humanities field of Korean studies. In the field of Korean Studies Humanities and Social Sciences, four main path clusters were discovered: (1) Korea regional/spatial development, (2) Korean economic development (Economic aid/Soft power), (3) Korean industry (Political economics), and (4) population of Korea (Sex selection) & North Korean economy (Poverty, South-South cooperation).

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.54-72
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• 2018

This study reviewed standard operation procedures for fractionation and analytical methods of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in north america and european countries to aid proper establishment of risk assessment protocols associated with TPH exposure in Korea. In current, the TPH fraction methods established by Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group (TPHCWG) are most frequently employed worldwide. Both methods were developed on the basis of direct exposure of TPH from soil, although the method by TPHCWG also took into account the mobility of TPH. Volatile and extractable fractions of petroleum hydrocarbons were analyzed either separately or together. TPH fractionation methods were evaluated based on conservative toxicity values considering the uncertainty of risk assessment in light of current standard protocol for analyzing soil contaminants in Korea, and it was concluded that the method developed by MassDEP is more appropriate.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.24
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• pp.91-123
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• 2010

The threat factors available for occurrence given G20 Summit Meeting are expected leader terrorism, hostage terrorism, bomb terrorism, public facilities terrorism, and aircraft terrorism. As for the threat groups, which are expected in Korea, the North Korea, Islam extremist group, and the group such as NGO organization of being opposed to international meeting are regarded as having possibility of causing hazard. Thus, the purpose of this study is to suggest VIP Security-measure plans in the main site in preparation for G20 Summit Meeting. Accordingly, each country in the world is adopting 'the principle of Triple Ring' in common. Thus, it elicited a coping plan by 1st line(inner ring) 2nd line(middle ring) 3rd line(outer ring) based on this principle, and proposed even an opinion together that will need to be reflected in light of policy for the VIP security measures. In conclusion, as for the VIP Security-measure plans in the main site in preparation for G20 Summit Meeting, In the inner ring(safety sector), first, an intercepting measure needs to be devised for a spot of getting into and out of vehicles given the Straight Street. Second, the Walking Formation needs to be reinforced boldly in the exposed area. In the middle ring(security sector), first, the control plan needs to be devised by considering particularity of the main site. Second, there is necessity for adopting the efficient security badge operation plan that is included RFID function within security badge. In the outer ring(aid protective sector), first, there is necessity of preparing for several VIP terrorisms, of collecting information and intelligence, and of reinforcing the information collection system against terrorism under the cooperation with the overseas information agency. Second, the urgent measure training in time of emergency needs to be carried out toward security agent event manpower. Third, to maintain the certain pace in VIP motorcade, the efficient traffic control system needs to be operated. Finally, as for what will need to be reflected in light of policy for VIP security measures, first, there is necessity for allowing VIP residence to be efficiently dispersed to be distributed and controlled. Second, there is necessity for allowing impure element to misjudge or attack to be failed by utilizing diverse deception operations. Third, according to the reorganization in North Korea's Organization of the South Directed Operations, the powerful 'military-support measure' needs to be driven from this G20 Summit Meeting. For this, the necessity was proposed for further reinforcing the front back defense posture under the supervision of the Ministry of National Defense and for positively coping even with detecting and removing poison in preparation for CBR (chemical, biological, and radio-logical) terrorism.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.15-21
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• 2007

Due to a decreasing tendency of river runoff in the Laohahe River basin in North China, quantitative analysis was made with the aid of the conceptual Xinanjiang model under the background of nature climate variability as well as human-induced climate change according to the long-term observational hydrometeorological data. In the past, the human effect on surface water resources was estimated by investigating the impact of human activities on each item in the equation of water balance, so as to calculate water quantity of each item in the original natural status. It seems to be clear conceptually. It is appropriate just for the case of direct impact, such as water transfer from one basin to another, water storage by various scales of hydraulic projects, besides a huge amount of investigation and indeterminate statistics data when applied in practice. It is difficult for us to compute directly water consumption due to the implementation of measures for soil conservation, the improvement of farming techniques in agriculture, the growth of population in towns and villages, and the change of socioeconomic structure. In view of such situation, the Xinanjiang model was used to separate human impact from the climatic impact on water resources. Quantitatively human activity made river runoff decrease by 1.02, 50.67, 58.06 mm in 1960's, 1970's, 1980's, respectively, while by 97.2 mm in 1990's in the sense of annual average in the Laohahe River basin.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.3-11
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• 1999

The Korean system of health and medical care has been organized with both Oriental and Western medical sciences. To get complete clinical treatment results is not possible with only one-sided medical care, therefore we need to formulate an interdisciplinary plan for better health care, that is to say our ultimate purpose is the cooperative medical care for the promotion of social welfare and health. Hereupon, I made a searching inquiry into the present condition of cooperative medical care and its problems and also took a consideration into the medical state of other countries like China. Japan and North Korea where the Oriental medical care is used. The results of this investigation are as follows. There are some problems in both Oriental and Western(general) medical care, such as a lack of mutual confidence, a severance of interdisciplinary study, a shortage of professional human resources and so on. There also used to be problems of the system such as, the responsibility of medical care, the double charge for medical treatment, the governmental passive participation and policy, the private-oriented study system and so on. The solutions of these problems are that the mutual understanding and coexistence between both Oriental and Western medical sciences should be preceded and the interdisciplinary study, identified terminology and cooperative medical specialists would be necessary. Furthermore, the government has to seek some policies and legislation for the cooperative medical system and needs to support the public research institutes and centers of the cooperative medical care. After all, we have to train the cooperative medical specialists for the mutual aid of both Oriental and Western medical sciences and the government also has to support it with some policies and legislation for the better medical care system.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.119-139
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• 1999

While many factors could be mentioned to the rapid development of Israel for the last 50 years, it could not be overemphasized the critical role of large scale influx of Jewish immigrants not only in the process of achieving national independence but to the development of modernization. It is well known that mass influx of people in a relatively short period of time may cause serious social problems in various areas such as housing shortage, increasing crime rate, etc. Nontheless, Israel is avidly recognized as a country that successfully overcome such problems by means of creating systematic social integration systems and practicing various adaptation assistance programs for new immigrants. This study was concerned with such a successful social adaptation-assistance programs of Israel for large scale immigrants those who came from all over the world with different socio-economic background. In order to answer the research questions, following two areas of topics were researcher`s main concern. First, organizational structure and functions of the Ministry of Immigrant Absorption of Israel and Jewish Agency that are primarily responsible for the economic, occupational, social, and cultural integration of immigrants during their first three years (five years for housing-aid) in Israel. Second practical adaptation assistance programs such as direct absorption basket, Ulpan, Aliyah 2000, special projects of Keren Hayesod and two of Aliyah Absorption Centers are examined. And lastly some of implications and suggestions are provided in the conclusion section in relation with social adaptation-assistance and integration of reunified Korea, especially from the point of North Koreans.