Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment (한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경)

Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment (한국지하수토양환경학회)
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Comparison and Consideration on Foreign Guidances for Establishing Risk Assessment Method of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Korea

국내 석유계총탄화수소 위해성평가 방법 마련을 위한 국외 지침 비교 및 고찰

  • Received : 2018.11.01
  • Accepted : 2018.11.30
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

This study reviewed standard operation procedures for fractionation and analytical methods of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in north america and european countries to aid proper establishment of risk assessment protocols associated with TPH exposure in Korea. In current, the TPH fraction methods established by Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group (TPHCWG) are most frequently employed worldwide. Both methods were developed on the basis of direct exposure of TPH from soil, although the method by TPHCWG also took into account the mobility of TPH. Volatile and extractable fractions of petroleum hydrocarbons were analyzed either separately or together. TPH fractionation methods were evaluated based on conservative toxicity values considering the uncertainty of risk assessment in light of current standard protocol for analyzing soil contaminants in Korea, and it was concluded that the method developed by MassDEP is more appropriate.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Total ion chromatogram of VPH method using GC/MS (MassDEP, 2016).

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Fig. 2. Gas chromatograms of EPH standard solution at 50 mg/L for MassDEP method. (a) Aliphatic hydrocarbons, (b) Aromatic hydrocarbons (Chromatographic conditions: Agilent DB-5MS (30 m × 250 μm I.d., × 0.25 μm film thickness); FID detector; N2 Make up gas at 2.5 mL/min; H2 at 35 mL/min; Air at 400 mL/min, Column temperature: 60℃ for 1 min, 60-290℃ at 8℃/min, 290℃ for 11 min).

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Fig. 3. Gas chromatograms of TCEQ standard solution for TCEQ 1006 method. (a) 20 mg/L carbon number distribution marker compounds, (b) 2000 mg/L petroleum product calibration standard, fractionation range of low hydrocarbon: aliphatic C6=hexane only, aliphatic >C6~C8=elute after n-hexane and up to including n-octane, aromatic >C7~C8=Toluene only (Chromatographic conditions: Agilent DB-5MS (30 m × 250 μm I.d., 0.25 μm film thickness); FID detector; N2 Make up gas at 3.0 mL/min; H2 at 40 mL/min; Air at 450 mL/min, Column temperature: 35℃ for 3 min, 35-300℃ at 15℃/min, 300℃ for 5 min, 300-325℃ at 15℃/min, 325℃ for 3 min).

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Fig. 4. Gas chromatograms showing poor fractionation of aliphatic hydrocarbons (TCEQ, 2001b).

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Fig. 5. Gas chromatograms of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions for 250 mg/kg diesel fuel by MassDEP EPH method (Chromatographic conditions: Agilent DB-5MS (30 m × 250 μm I.d., 0.25 μm film thickness); FID detector; N2 Make up gas at 2.5 mL/min; H2 at 35 mL/min; Air at 400 mL/min, Column temperature: 60℃ for 1 min, 60-290℃ at 8℃/min, 290℃ for 11 min).

Table 1. TPH fraction methods used in foreign countries

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Table 4. Analytical method for TPH fractions

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Table 5. Factors for quality control of TPH fractionation methods

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Table 2. Toxicity values for TPH fractions

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Table 3. Physical and chemical parameters of TPH fractions

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