• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2017

This paper investigated the phonological processes of monophthongs and diphthongs in pronounced phrasal words of the Seoul Corpus by gender and age groups in order to provide linguists and phoneticians with a clearer understanding of the spoken Korean. Both orthographic and pronounced phrasal words were extracted from the transcribed label scripts of the Corpus using Praat. Then, phonological processes of monophthongs and diphthongs were tabulated using an R script after syllabifying the phrasal words into separate components. Results revealed that 97% of the number of syllables in the orthographic and pronounced phrasal words were the same while 65.8% showed difference in the syllable structure. 90.5% of the vowels in the orthographic phrasal words were realized in the pronounced phrasal words. A Chi-square test of independence was performed to obtain a significant dependence in the distribution of phonological process types of male and female groups along with a very strong correlation. Female group changed the diphthong yo into yv at the end of the pronounced phrasal words more often than the male group did. Age groups also showed a significant dependence in the distribution of phonological process types along with a very strong correlation. Females in the 40s produced the diphthong yv and made the vowel raising at the end of the pronounced phrasal words most often among the gender and age groups. From the results, this paper concludes that an analysis of phonological processes in light of syllable structure can contribute greatly to the understanding of the spoken Korean.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2011

This study was carried out to analyze annual diameter growth characteristics for major 11 tree species using the data for Gangwon province of the National Forest Resources Inventory in 2007. The annual diameter growth of coniferous species was 5.02 mm, 4.70 mm, and 3.90 mm in Korean white pine, Japanese larch, and Korean red pine, respectively. In growths of the deciduous trees, dogwood, basswood, and cork oak had 3.55 mm, 3.48 mm and 3.01 mm, respectively. Average of the annual diameter growths for all species was 3.38 mm. The relationship between diameter growth and age class showed that the growth rate decreased for all species as age increased. The age class II had the highest annual diameter rate. In relation of the stand density(trees per hectare) and diameter growth, the diameter growth tended to decrease as the stand density increased for most species, especially Korean white pine, cork oak, and basswood. Finally age had the highest value in the correlation coefficients between measurement factor and growth rate regardless of species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.726-736
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to obtain the basal information for standard amount of clothing weight indoor climate and working condition with investigating seasonal changes of skin temperature and factors influencing on that in Koreans. Forty eight subjects in 5 age groups(6-11, 12-19, 20-44, 45-64, 65-76 years old) with both sexs were measured skin temperature indoor climate clothing microclimate clothing weight and skinfold thickness in neutral condition in each month throughout the year. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Indoor climate koreans felt comfortable ranged 18.1-28.7$^{\circ}C$ and 51-74%RH. 2. Temperature inside the clothing ranged 30.8-32.3$^{\circ}C$ in males and 31.0-32.5$^{\circ}C$in females. There was a significant difference in temperature inside the clothing among age groups : That of 6019 age group was slightly higher than that at 45-76 age group. 3. Total clothing weight changed with season and increased in order of summer autumn spring and winter Total clothing weight of 65-76 age group was significantly greater on January and February. Breast skinfold thickness showed the smallest value in summer and the largest value in winter year. In addition to breast and abdomen skinfold thickness were larger in 45-67 age group while thigh skinfold thickness was larger in 6-19 age group. Skinfold thickness in females showed the smallest value in spring summer and the largest value in autumn and winter. In addition to triceps and suprailliac skinfold thickness were larger in 45-64 age group while thigh skinfold thickness was larger in 12-19 age goup. 5. Temperature of the lower limbs(hand, thigh. leg, and foot) showed significant correlation with the indoor temperature humidity inside clothing and total clothing weight. Temperature of the torso(breast and abdomen) showed significant correlation with the temperature inside clothing in all subjects. Abdomen skinfold thickness of all age group in male showed significant correlation with the abdomen skin temperature. triceps suprailliac and thigh skinfold thickness of 6-11 age group in female showed significant correation the upperarm abdomen and thigh skin temperature. Consequently clothing mdicroclimate total clothing weight and skinfold thickness showed significant difference in season sex and ages and had a slight effect on skin temperature.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.153-160
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• 1997

This study was carried out to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation for body weight, shank length and shank width at various wk of age in growing Korean pheasant. All the measurements were done from one day to 20 wk of age with 4 wk interval. The heritability estimates for body weight were in the range of 0.54~0.59 for male and of 0.49~0.81 for female from 4 to 20 wk of age. The heritability estimates of male and female were in the range of 0.38~0. 82 and 0.41~0.67 for shank length, and of 0.48~0.88 and 0.49~0.71 for shank width, respectively. Genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients between the measurements at different ages in each trait of body weight, shank length and shank width were medium to high positive values. Because the estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations were high, the genetic gain for body weight is expected by either a direct selection or an early selection based on the record of early growing stage.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand self confidence during delivery in laboring women and to identify the factors influencing self confidence for delivery. Method: The participants of the study were 166 women who were admitted to a delivery room at C hospital in Seoul from July 1 to October 31, 2002. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, self confidence scale, anxiety scale, knowledge of childbirth scale and graphic rating scale. The data was analyzed by the SPSS PC+ program. For the analysis of collected data, frequency analysis, Pearson's correlation, multiple linear regression analysis and stepwise selection method was used. Result: Self confidence during delivery had negative correlation coefficients with anxiety, and positive correlation coefficients with endurance of pain, husband support during pregnancy, age and parity. Anxiety was the highest factor influencing self confidence for delivery(40.0%). Endurance of pain, husband support during pregnancy and age accounted for 49.0% of self confidence in laboring women. Conclusion: The factors influencing self confidence during delivery were anxiety, endurance to pain, husband support during pregnancy and age. Further studies need to be done to identify interventions for overcoming on anxiety, promoting endurance of pain, and increasing husband support during pregnancy.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.309-318
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated the correlation between person-centered care (PCC) and nursing service quality of nurses in long-term care hospitals. Methods: The subjects were 114 nurses working in 8 long-term care hospitals. Instruments for evaluating PCC and nursing service quality were used. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, two samples-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and Multiple regression. Results: The mean of PCC was $3.25{\pm}0.45$ out of 5 and the nursing service quality was $3.87{\pm}0.40$. There were significant differences in PCC in terms of age and income satisfaction, the application of their opinions, the satisfaction of hospital managers, administrators and nurse managers. There were significant differences in nursing service quality according to age, position, the satisfaction of hospital managers, administrators and nurse managers. Nurses' PCC showed a significant positive correlation with nursing service quality. Factors influencing nursing service quality included PCC, their position and age and the most influencing one was PCC. Conclusion: This study suggests that the PCC is the strongest affecting element to the quality of nursing service in long-term care hospitals. Therefore, the strategies to improve the practice of person-centered care should be carried out to enhance the quality of nursing service.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.365-372
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify degrees of fatigue and influencing factors for fatigue in cancer patients. Method: Data was collected by questionnaires from 115 cancer patients at 3 hospitals in Seoul. The research instruments utilized in this study were fatigue, physical symptoms, depression, family support, and health promoting behaviors. Data was analyzed using the pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 12.0. Result: The mean score of fatigue for cancer patients was 12.90(range: 6-36). Fatigue for cancer patients according to age group and weight change showed a significant difference. Fatigue for cancer patients showed a significantly positive correlation to physical symptoms and depression. There was a negative correlation between family support and health promoting behaviors. The significant factors influencing fatigue for cancer patients were physical symptoms, health promoting behaviors, depression, and age group, which explained about 45.9%. Conclusion: The results suggest that symptoms and depression management, nursing interventions and practices for providing health promoting behaviors according to age are needed to manage the fatigue in cancer patients.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.71-81
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• 2005

The purpose of this research was to delineate the effect of maternal parenting stress and verbal abuse on emotional maladjustment behaviors in children. The sample consisted of 542 pairs of fifth/sixth graders and seventh/eighth graders, and their mothers. The major findings of the research were as follows: First, looking at the correlation between the mother's age/education level and the maternal parenting stress level, the maternal parenting stress level factor showed differences correlating to the mother's education level. Second, looking at the correlation between the mother's age/education level and the verbal abuse, the verbal abuse factor showed differences correlating to the mother's age/education level. Third, looking at the correlation between the maternal parenting stress level and the verbal abuse, the verbal abuse factor showed differences correlating to the maternal parenting stress level. Forth, the result of multiple regression analysis on the effects of the maternal parenting stress and verbal abuse on the children's emotional maladjustment behaviors indicated that verbal abuse was the significant contributing factor.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of body image, self-esteem, and behavior problems comparing children of short stature and children of normal height, and to enhance growth development through early detection of social or emotional problems in children of short stature. Methods: The data were collected from June 2 to September 25, 2008. The participants were 38 children who were diagnosed with short stature and their mothers and 38 children of age appropriate stature and their mothers selected from 311 elementary students in D city. The participants were matched by using propensity analysis for controlling confounding variables. Sapiro-Wilk test, t-test, Wilcoxon test, and Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS/WIN 14.0 program were used to analyze the data. Results: There were significant differences in body image and behavior problems between children of short stature and children of age appropriate stature. There was no significant difference in self-esteem between the two groups. Positive correlation was found between body image and self-esteem. In children of age appropriate stature, a negative correlation was found between body image and behavior problems. Conclusion: A specialized program which focuses on behavior problems, body image, and self-esteem should be developed to help children of short stature in school-based settings.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.2
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• pp.138-144
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• 2007

This study was undertaken to compare the biomass of Abies koreana growing at two sites. A $10{\times}10m$ plot was established in each site of a natural stand in Mt. Jiri and a plantation in Gyeongsan nursery. Five trees of A. koreana were randomly selected in each site. The following traits were investigated from each tree : height, basal diameter, age, weight of stem, branches, and needles as above-ground traits and weight of total roots, horizontal roots, and vertical roots as below-ground traits. In Gyeongsan nursery, age of sample trees was negatively correlated with both height and weight of total stem, while height was highly correlated with weight of horizontal roots. There was high correlation between the basal diameter and weight of total stem, and between the basal diameter and weight of roots. In Mt. Jiri stand, most of the above-ground traits except age were significantly correlated with the below-ground traits. The linear regression equation between the cross section area of base (X) and the weight of total stem (Y) in Gyeongsan nursery was Y=12.66X-12.92, and correlation was significant ($R^2=0.89$). The linear regression equation between the cross section area of base(X) and the weight of total branches (Y) in Mt. Jiri stand was Y=25.51X+6.00, and correlation was highly significant ($R^2=1.0$).