• 건축역사연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.59-72
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• 2005

Architectural embodiment of a national identity has long been a significant topic in Korean architectural circles. For this reason, it must be helpful to examine the so-called, 'National Romanticism' of Finnish architecture around 1900 in that Finnish architects of the time struggled to embody their national identity through their projects. Considering the historical and linguistic affinities between Finland and Korea, the Finnish architectural situation draws . our additional attention. This paper aims at showing its historical background, the meaning of each type of buildings in the stream, and limitations it implies. The atmosphere of Finnish nationalist movement, which was provoked by [Kalevala] publications (1835; 1845) and shown in Karelianism, was heightened by Tsarist Empire's Russification programme of Finland in the late 19th century Architecture was one of the most important genres expressing her national identity. Finnish national romantic architecture could be divided into three. The first is a log house style for artists' studio house, motivated by the Finnish vernacular farmstead - especially by Karelian farmhouse. This type of building signifies the Finns' will to return to their motherly soil. The second is a stone architecture style for public buildings, inspired by Finnish church or castle of an early medieval time. By using roughly-cut granite as the main exterior material, buildings of this type symbolise the toughness of legendary heroes and Finns' desire for national Independence. The third type of building was based on both of the former or more dependent on architects' Imagination and creativity. However, Finnish national romantic architecture has been criticised by some critics owing to its decorative, eclectic and self-indulgent characteristics. Probably, it was not really national but rather inter-national because of the Influences of English Arts and Crafts Movement, the American Richardsonian architecture and the continental Art Nouveau. And the negative images of 'national' and 'romantic' made some historians coin other terms like 'national realism' or 'material realism'. As another limitation, one raises the low degree of its contribution to the entire architectural history. Despite these criticisms, however, this paper argues that Finnish national romantic architecture is meaningful in itself, particularly because it illustrates vividly Finns' struggle to search for their national identity and, after all, their craving for national independence.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to discover the effects of the short-term home visiting physical therapy program involving patients with some chronic brain disorders at Gimhae City, Kyongnam. Recovery of activities of daily living (ADL) is a very important factor of rehabilitative procedures, and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) is a useful standard of evaluation for it. The FIM is widely used in brain disorder research because it measures real functional activities of daily living. We applied the physical therapy exercise program twice per week (10~15 times repeatedly); a warm-up and cool down exercise performed every ten minutes by active & active-assistive ROM and stretching exercises. Main exercises were composed of getting up & laying down in bed, standing training, walking exercise in the room, and window or wall sliding exercise using affected upper limbs for a total duration of 30 minutes. We collected the data from 20 patients with chronic brain disorders at his/her home and analyzed by means of SPSS/PC+ program (Ver. 10.0). After the six week long physical therapy exercise program, the average was $56.10{\pm}22.59$ point compared with initial $50.55{\pm}19.12$ point by FIM, improved functional ADL ability about 5.55 point, and these changed scores were statistically significant (p=.000). We also studied another factor regarding patient's satisfaction. The majority of subjects (10 people) rated the program with the maximum score of ten points (50.0%), and three people rated it a seven point program (15.0%), the other two subjects gave a rating of nine and eight points (10.0%). Because the program was effective at improving the physical ADL ability and satisfaction of each subject, we suggest continual development and implementation of a home visiting physical therapy program. Further study should involve a longer period of observation with a larger population that is involved in an individually designed home physical therapy program.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.1106-1118
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• 2006

인터넷은 우리에게 많은 정보를 제공해 주는 중요한 수단이 되었다. 그리고 정보 제공을 위해 인터넷의 서버 시스템들은 대용량의 정보를 처리하여 다양한 서비스를 제공함과 동시에 이들의 네트워크 구조는 더욱 더 복잡해지고 있다. 따라서 서버 시스템들에 대한 신속하고 지속적인 관리가 중요시 되고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 서버 시스템들은 방화벽 내부에 위치하여 제한된 접근만을 허용하며 또한 각 서버 시스템들의 서로 다른 운영체제와 서로 다른 관리 방법으로 인해 효율적인 서버 시스템 관리가 이루어지고 있지 않다. 즉 서버 관리자들은 제한된 공간에서 로컬 또는 소켓 기반의 단일 접속 애플리케이션을 이용하여 다양한 형태의 서버들을 직접 관리해야만 한다. 따라서 본 논문은 CORBA, Java RMI, DCOM등의 분산 객체 기술을 가지면서 플랫폼이나 개발언어에 제약을 받지 않는 XML(extensible Markup Language) 기반의 웹서비스 기술(Web Services Architecture)을 이용하여 다수의 서버 시스템들을 통합적으로 관리 할 수 있는 미들웨어 시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다. 시스템은 위치 투명성 및 단말기 독립성을 제공하며 서버 시스템 관리 명령을 호출하여 시스템 관리가 가능하다.

• 영미문화
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.79-104
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• 2018

Chung Ji Yong is a well-known poet in the Japanese Occupation Period firstly as a lyrical and traditional poet as a member of the literary journal Simunhak(Poetry Literature) along with Park Yong Chul and Kim Young Rang and later as a prominent modernist poet in the late years of the Period. He is always highly estimated as a poet of pictorial images and lyricism, but his ardor for translations, especially Walt Whitman has been neglected so far. Before him, Ju Yohan, Yi Kwang Soo, Yi Un Sang, Kim Hyung Won and many other poets and critics had been interested in Whitman's democratic ideas and his poems. Chung Ji Young also translated Whitman's three poems in the hard days of 1930s. After the Imperial Japan surrendered to the Allied forces on 15 August 1945, ending 35 years of Japanese occupation, Korea was under the American forces and Russian troops. In this critical days of Korean's debating only one korea or separated Koreas, strangely enough, Chung ji Yong fully immersed in translating Whitman's poems only for four years as an English literature professor just before being abducted by North Korean Army, while almost discarding his own poetic ability and sense of duty as a leading poet in the literary circle with only just a few exceptions. Why did Chung Ji Yong focused on the translation of Whitman's poems in this important period as a poet and intellectual in the newly independent country? He may want to warn people too much ideological conflicts or at least express his frustration through translating Whitman's poems. Until now, academic endeavors on Chung Ji Yong's poems and life are focused on his lyrical and modernistic works of the Japanese Occupation Period and naturally little interested in the days of Independence period and his true motivations on translating Whitman's poems. As a proposal, this short article can be a minor trigger for the sincere efforts of Chung Ji Yong's last days.

• 정보화정책
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.3-25
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• 2022

공영방송의 지배구조는 국내 미디어 정책과 관련한 가장 뜨거운 논쟁거리이다. 본 연구는 디지털 환경으로 전환되는 시점인 지난 2000년 통합방송법 이후 국내 공영방송 지배구조에 대한 연구 문헌을 종합하여 그동안 국내에서 진행되어온 논의의 흐름을 시기별로 나누어 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 공영방송의 지배구조에 대한 논의가 활발하게 나타난 것은 2008년 이후 이명박 정부와 박근혜 정부로 이어지는 보수정부의 시기 이후의 현상이며, 이는 '공영방송의 위기론'에서 비롯된 것임을 확인하였다. 이후 연구에서, 공영방송 지배구조에 대한 논의는 공영방송의 공적가치와 제도 개선의 방향성을 중심으로 진행되었으며, 이 속에서 공영방송의 정치적 독립성과 이사회 구성, 그리고 사장 선출 제도에 대한 논의가 가장 많이 다뤄졌음을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 향후 공영방송 지배구조에 대한 논의는 기존 정치적 독립성 논의를 확장하여 시민의 참여를 전제하는 공영방송의 가치와 책무, 그리고 제도를 포괄하는 논의가 되어야 한다고 제언하였다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제14권1_4호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2007

The results of researching on duties of physical therapist, understanding of elderly diseases and policies related with elderly welfare came out from the survey before beginning of education to physical therapists who attended National Elderly Welfare Physical Therapist Workshop during Sep. 11th to 14th, 2007. They have already understood about long-term elderly care insurance from the policy, and responded that those policies will bring more advantage to elders. On contrary, negative response had reason of low service quality. About elderly care system, there were positive answer of appropriate alternatives to support them, but also other critics had opinion of inevitable choice for living conservation. About understanding of elderly diseases, there were more comprehension of diseases as age gets higher, but most did not understand dementia and paralysis. Past experience and process of medical treatment for their disease were such arthritis, paralysis, broken bone, and dislocation of joint. Prognosis of technical training was mostly answered positively, but linking with other related disease programs were not welcomed. Most respondents thought that professional training were needed. The results of understanding diseases during senescent had high percentage of understanding as age and education was high, and it had eye upon statistics of the survey (p < 0.05) Most of those questioned responded that it is appropriate to have six working days per week and eight hours of daily work, however, present wage is not reasonable. Most of those questioned had negative response of work independence, and had an-swered that there should be certificates needed in related fields. For difficulties during work period, they had hardship instituting direction of treatment by lack of program, level of wage, and physical difficulties. Physical therapists averagely wished to have fewer than thirty patients per therapist. After the research, physical therapists who work in those facilities of elderly care systems agreed on policies, though it should not lower service quality. In addition, they were pros to have elderly care system, yet they are still inevitable option to maintain living. For work environment, the period of work was appropriate, but had different opinions for work independence and regular number of patients. Therefore, there should be more organized treatment program that also should be linked to other practical programs at this beginning point of the policy enforcement and the time that many therapists hope to work in elderly care system.

• 한국노년학
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.127-147
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• 2021

노인복지증진을 위한 지방정부의 안정적인 재원확보 및 효율적 재정운영은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 17개 시·도를 대상으로 퍼지셋 질적 비교분석 방법론(Fs/QCA)을 적용하여 노인복지예산 결정요인의 원인조건을 탐색하였다. 선행연구를 토대로 원인변수를 사회경제적 요인(고령인구비율, 노인국민기초생활보장 수급비율), 재정적 요인(재정자주도), 정치행정적 요인(노인복지조례 수)으로 선정하였고, 결과변수는 노인 1인당 복지예산으로 설정하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 노인복지예산을 결정하는 원인변수의 조합은 세가지 형태로 나타났다. 첫째, 고령인구비율이 낮으며, 노인국민기초생활보장 수급비율이 높고, 노인복지조례 수가 적은 경우였다. 둘째, 노인국민기초생활보장 수급비율이 낮고, 재정자주도가 낮으며, 노인복지 조례 수가 많은 경우였다. 셋째, 고령인구비율이 높고, 노인국민기초생활보장 수급비율이 높으며, 재정자주도가 낮은 요인이 결합되어 노인복지예산 결정요인으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 지방정부에서는 사회경제적 요인, 재정적 요인, 정치행정적 요인 등을 고려하여 실질적인 노인복지예산 결정이 이루어질 수 있는 방안을 모색하기 위한 정책적 제언을 제시하였다.

• 기록학연구
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• 제18호
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• pp.257-280
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• 2008

이 글은 국가기록원의 형사고발로 야기된 이른바 '기록물유출사건'을 검토하면서 사건의 진실을 넘어, 이런 사태가 발생하는 근본적인 이유를 점검해보자 한 것이다. 전직대통령은 자신의 재임 기간 중에 생산된 대통령기록물을 언제라도 볼 수 있는 권리가 법률적으로 보장되어 있는데, 이를 확대해석하여 재임시 복제해갔다. 이를 불법이라고 보고 형사고발한 것은 형식상 국가기록원이지만, 실제로는 현정부의 청와대측이었다. 이 사건의 결과가 어떻게 나든가를 차치하고, 이 사건이 기록관리에서 중시되는 것은, 대통령기록물에 대한 보호벽이 무너질지 모르기 때문이다. 그러나 이번 사건을 발생시킨 근본적 원인을 더듬어보면, 기록관리기구가 여전히 정치적으로 독립성을 갖고 있지 못한데 있다. 그런데 국가기록원이 최근 제출한 기록관리법률 개정안을 보면 국가기록관리위원회의 위상을 국무총리 직속에서 행정안정부 장관 직속의 기관을 하향조정하고 있다. 이는 기록관리기구의 정치적 독립을 더욱 어렵게하는 조치를 크게 우려하지 않을 수 없는 일이다. 기록관리에 있어 기록관리기구의 정치적 독립 이외에 또 하나의 중요한, 어찌보면 더 중요한 요소가 있으니, 기록관리의 전문성을 확보하는 것이다. 기록관리기구가 전문성을 확보하는 구체적인 조치는 개방형직위제의 도입과 전문가의 임용이라고 할 수 있다. 그런데 새정부 들어서서 이루어진 국가기록원의 조직개편을 보면, 기록관리의 전문성이 확대되기는 커녕 축소되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 새정부 들어서서 전개되고 있는 기록관리에 관한 제정책들이 우려를 낳게 하는 것이지만, 어찌보면 이는 지난 정부의 소산이기도 하다. 따라서 새정부가 지난 정부에서 이루지 못했던 기록관리기구의 정치적 독립성을 제도적으로 마련하고, 전문인력의 확충을 지방으로까지 확대시킨다면, 이는 새정부의 책임이자 나아가 업적이 될 수도 있을 것이다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.8-18
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• 2015

Objectives: There have been several studies evaluated effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on spasticity but most studies could not assess spasticity quantitatively because they used clinical rating scales for assessment spasticity. The objective of this study is to evaluate effect of EA on poststroke spasticity quantitatively using tendon reflex (T-reflex). Methods: 29 stroke patients with upper extremity spasticity were randomized to EA group and control group. The EA group received combined EA and rehabilitation therapy 5 times a week for 3 weeks. Acupuncture treatment was given at Jian Yu (LI 15), Qu Chi (LI 11), Shao Hai (HT 3), Wai Guan (TE 5), He Gu (LI 4), Lie Que (LU 7), Hou Xi (SI 3) of the affected side, 30 minutes of electrical stimulation with a frequency of 40/13 Hz was applied at Qu Chi (LI 11), He Gu (LI 4). The control group received only rehabilitation therapy. The efficacy of treatment was assessed using T-reflex latency and amplitude, modified Ashworth scale (MAS) of biceps brachii, brachioradialis and triceps brachii. Fugl-Meyer motor function assessment (FMA) and functional independence measure (FIM) were also measured to assess motor function and functional independence. All outcomes were measured before treatment, immediately after 3 weeks of treatment and 1 week after 3 weeks of treatment. Results: No statistically significant differences were found in outcomes including T-reflex between the study groups except for FIM values immediately after 3 weeks of treatment (p=0.037). Conclusions: These results suggest that 3 weeks of EA does not reduce poststroke upper extremity spasticity electrophysiologically and clinically. However, small sample sizes and contradictory tendency between results from T-reflex and those from MAS require cautious judgement on interpretation of the results. A larger, well-designed clinical trials for quantitative evaluation of effect of EA on poststroke spasticity will be needed.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제16권
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• pp.168-206
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• 2001

This study attempts to examine the relationships between the major market-based media and the government after closing military regime era, 1961-1987. After the military regime was collapsed, while the mass media in Korea obtained independence and autonomy from government, they have been confronted with the terrible competition not so much comparatively as before. The watchdog role in the traditional liberalism, which is regarded as normative relationship between the media and the government would be transformed in accordance with the market condition and the maturity of democracy. Thus, the watchdog metaphor has been variously deviated in rower-centered society; lap dog, guard dog, attack dog. liberalists argue that the primary democratic role of the media is to art as a public watchdog overseeing the state. Social democrats, however, criticize them as simplistic conception which could be only applied to the government. They argue that the media should be seen as a source of redress against the abuse of all forms of power over others; the home, the economy, and the civil society. The lap dog view is that the media is overwhelmingly dependent on the established power structure contrary to the watchdog. While the guard dog perspective is a means to preserve the power structure alarming with playing 'conflict role', the attack do8 aims to the private interest of the media in intruding into the politics. The attack dog perspective by T. Patterson could be composed of the interpretive style of report, the game schema report over the policy schema in the election, and the negativism against politics and government. The market-dominant press has been likely to transform from lap-guard dog into attack-guard dog. In Roh Tae Woo government(1988-1992), while the press was a lessened lap-guard dog before three parties merger in 1990, after merger the press had been transformed as the reinforced lap-guard dog because this merger entailed joint, party-to-party negotiations, and the formation of the new party preceded by dissolution of the ruling blot. In the early stage of Kim Young Sam government(1993-1997), the press has kept in pace with the reform movement drive-forced by the government. However, the press withdrew the support of Kim's reform in reaching the level of threat to ruling bloc. The press coalesced only circumstantially with government and was interested in preserving some margin of independence. The failure of Kim's reform proved the political muscle of the press in post-autho-ritarianism. In the middle stage of Kim Dae Jung government (1998-) that resulted in the shift of power structure as once-opposition party leader, the stress has been a manifested attack-guard dog owing to the anti-cold war policy, the realignment policy of power, and the minority-base of Kim's government. The press has endeavored to hold political communication within limits relatively less threatening to the established order.