• World Technopolis Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2019

Where is a better place to live? In the coming era, this should be more than simply a livable place. It should be an adaptable place that has a flexible system adaptable to any new situation in terms of diversity. Customization and real-time operation are needed in order to realize this technologically. We expect a smart city to have a flexible system that applies technologies of self-monitoring and self-response, thereby being a promising city model towards being a better place to live. Energy demand and supply is a crucial issue concerning our expectations for the flexible system of a smart city because it is indispensable to comfortable living, especially city living. Although it may seem that energy diversification, such as the energy mix of a country, is a matter of overriding concern, the central point is the scale of place to build grids for realizing sustainable urban energy systems. A traditional hard energy path supported by huge centralized energy systems based on fossil and nuclear fuels on a national scale has already faced difficult problems, particularly in terms of energy flexibility/resilience. On the other hand, an alternative soft energy path consisting of small diversified energy systems based on renewable energy sources on a local scale has limitations regarding stability, variability, and supply potential despite the relatively light economic/technological burden that must be assumed to realize it. As another alternative, we can adopt a holonic path incorporating an alternative soft energy path with a traditional hard energy path complimentarily based on load management. This has a high affinity with the flexible system of a smart city. At a system level, the purpose of all of the paths mentioned above is not energy itself but the service it provides. If the expected energy service is fixed, the conclusive factor in choosing a more appropriate system is accessibility to the energy service. Accessibility refers to reliability and affordability; the former encompasses the level of energy self-sufficiency, and the latter encompasses the extent of energy saving. From this point of view, it seems that the small diversified energy systems of a soft energy path have a clear advantage over the huge centralized energy systems of a hard energy path. However, some insuperable limitations still remain, so it is reasonable to consider both energy systems continuing to coexist in a multiplexing energy system employing a holonic path to create and maintain reliable and affordable access to energy services that cover households'/enterprises' basic energy needs. If this is embodied in a smart city concept, this is nothing else but smart energy inclusion. In Japan, following the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011, a trend towards small diversified energy systems of a soft energy path intensified in order to realize a nuclear-free society. As a result, the Government of Japan proclaimed in its Fifth Strategic Energy Plan that renewable energy must be the main source of power in Japan by 2050. Accordingly, Sony vowed that all the energy it uses would come from renewable sources by 2040. In this situation, it is expected that smart energy inclusion will be achieved by the Japanese version of a smart grid based on the concept of a minimum cost scheme and demand response.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 2019

In the era of the fourth revolution, interest in content production using proven engines in the broadcasting sector, such as Vizrt, is growing. The new visual effects required in the 5G era are critical to content production training. Vizrt has a good production time utility and affordability for broadcast and media content. In this paper, we are going to use this to present a practical case of the theorem and application of the basic training course in the production of virtual content, and to present the basic training direction. In the introduction, the graphic algorithm analyzed and studied the characteristics and environmental factors of the Vizrt engine. In this paper, the production process was studied separately, and the work carried out through engine implementation was presented. The VS Studio Foundation was provided as a practical production case at each stage. The Vizrt engine operator process is important in graphic approach and application, and through the results of the lecture, the method of understanding and implementing algorithms for virtual reality perspective suitable for basic learning was studied. Based on practice, the research method of main theory was to create Vizrt contents specialized in 5G contents work in each sector and to implement graphic production in new areas from contents image. Through this study, we came to the conclusion of the basic training method through virtual reality content work based on Vizrt by practicing content creation according to the subject. It also proposes the effect of creating Vizrt content and the direction of building Vizrt basic training courses.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.505-512
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• 2021

This study is to strengthen the competitiveness of 5-star hotel restaurants in Seoul, and the paired sample t-test was used. As a result of the study, first, the importance variables of hotel restaurants were measured as high variables such as'taste and quality of food(4.30)' and'diversity of menus(4.17)'. Second, the variables satisfied by customers visiting hotel restaurants were 'quantity of food(3.86)', 'taste and quality of food(3.78)', and 'diversity of menus(3.75)', etc. were surveyed. Third, as a result of IPA analysis, the variables in the first quadrant were the restaurant staff's expertise, cleanliness of the restaurant, the taste and quality of the food, the variety of menus, rapid service, food plating, the amount of food served, and the atmosphere of the restaurant. External environment, etc. were derived. In the second quadrant, cleanliness of restaurant tableware, freshness of food, and restaurant view were investigated. In the third quadrant, the reputation, restaurant toilet cleanliness, table cleanliness, parking facilities, transportation and convenience, etc. belong to this. Finally, variables belonging to the fourth quadrant were investigated such as reasonable price, cost-effectiveness and affordability, friendliness of restaurant staff, clothing and appearance of restaurant staff, and restaurant interior.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.31-47
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• 2022

This paper examines residential environment quality and housing expenses of young households through longitudinal analysis. Using the 5^th and 15^th Korea Welfare Panel Study (KoWePS), this research compared their housing outcomes with those of the Korean households. The statistical analysis revealed that most young households were highly-educated, salaried workers who were predominantly married men in their early 30s. There was a sharp rise in the number of female householders and one-person households. Also, the young households were largely renters of mid-sized multi-family housing with two bedrooms in non-Seoul Metropolitan Area. Their housing expense was slightly higher than the national average. As a proportion of renters of multi-family housing (exclusive of apartments) rose, the proportion of young households who spent more than 25% of their income increased faster than the national average. The proportion of young households in the Seoul Metropolitan Area outpaced the national average. Their monthly rental arrangements grew in contrast to no change in the nationwide monthly rental arrangement over the survey period, resulting in their high burden on housing expenses. Their homeownership rate was below the national average, and it decreased while the overall homeownership rate increased nationwide, implying that their housing affordability was worsened, which made it difficult for them to move up the housing ladder. Thus, this research suggests housing policies that scale up support for young households.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.27-48
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• 2019

The government has implemented housing welfare policy to ease low-income households' housing-cost burden and improve their quality of life. However, public housing residents and housing choice voucher recipients still show a high level of housing-cost burden. In this regard, this study aims to provide policy implications for current housing welfare policy by analyzing and comparing the factors that determine both subsidized and unsubsidized households' housing-cost burden. For the empirical analysis, this study uses "2017 Korea Housing Survey" and divides groups into public housing residents, housing choice voucher recipients, and unsubsidized low-income renters. We compared the level of housing-cost burden by employing t-test and chi-squared analyses and the factors affecting the housing-cost burden by employing logistic regression analyses between the three groups. According to the empirical analysis, the housing cost is the most burdensome for the housing choice voucher recipients group, followed by the unsubsidized low-income renters and public housing residents. In addition, the factors affecting housing-cost burden are different between the three groups. In case of public housing residents, housing characteristics usually affect the housing-cost burden. For housing choice voucher recipients and unsubsidized low-income renters, both housing and household characteristics influence the housing-cost burden. Looking at the detailed factors, except for the housing tenure and regional average rents that are common factors for all groups, the amount of deposit is an important factor for public housing residents, and household employment status is an important factor for both housing choice voucher recipients and unsubsidized low-income renters. The policy implications of this study are as follows: First, it is necessary to review the blind spot of the current housing welfare policy. Second, a comprehensive review of the housing choice voucher program is required. Third, it is necessary to make policy efforts to ease the level of housing-cost burden for renters. Fourth, a program is needed for those public housing residents who need a deposit support. Fifth, there should be further assistance with public housing for the poorest people.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.95-111
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• 2023

Korea has achieved a high startup rate by promoting government-led startup policies for national economic and industrial development. However, as high as the startup rate is, the closure rate of startup companies can be judged to be insufficient for the qualitative growth of the domestic startup ecosystem. This study aims to investigate how to improve the survival rate of startups by overcoming the valley of death from a location environment perspective. It analyzes the effects of technology orientation and market orientation of start-ups on management performance and the moderating effects of economic, accessibility, and network factors that constitute the location environment. To achieve the research objectives, the empirical analysis was conducted on start-up companies that received corporate support projects from innovation intermediary organizations. The results show that R&D capability of technology orientation has a significant effect on management performance, and market information generation and market information response of market orientation have a significant effect on management performance. As for the moderating effect, accessibility, a sub-factor of the location environment, has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between technological innovation and managerial performance, and the location environment (economy, accessibility, and network) has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between market information generation and managerial performance. This study compared and analyzed previous studies on the success and failure of start-ups and identified common factors. In addition, this study provides policy implications for the sustainable growth of startups through empirical analysis and interview with stakeholders. For future research, it is necessary to compare and analyze start-ups in metropolitan areas and non-metropolitan areas. In addition, it is necessary to study startups that have moved out of the region and into the metropolitan area to find ways to develop the regional startup ecosystem.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.49-63
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• 2024

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate parental perspectives on cognitive rehabilitation using a combination of phenomenological research methodology and word cloud analysis. Methods : Interviews were conducted with five parents of children with developmental disabilities. Word cloud analysis was conducted using Python, and five researchers analyzed the meaning units and themes using phenomenological methods. Words with high frequency were considered as a heuristic tool. Results : A total of 43 meaning units and nine components related to the phenomenon of cognitive rehabilitation were derived, and three themes were finalized. The main themes encompassed the definition of cognitive rehabilitation, challenges associated with cognitive rehabilitation, and factors influencing the selection of a cognitive rehabilitation institute. Cognitive rehabilitation emerged as a treatment focused on improving learning, daily functioning, and cognitive abilities in children with developmental disabilities. The perceived issues with cognitive rehabilitation pertained to treatment methods, therapist expertise, and associated costs. In addition, parents highlighted the importance of therapist expertise, humane personality, and affordability of cost and schedule when choosing a cognitive rehabilitation institute. Conclusion : Parents expressed expectations for substantial improvements in their children's daily functioning through cognitive rehabilitation. However, challenges were identified in clinical practices. Going forward, we expect that cognitive rehabilitation will evolve into a better therapeutic support service addressing the concerns raised by parents.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.192-203
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• 2024

The advancement of commercially viable gas separation membranes plays a pivotal role in improving CO₂ separation efficiency. High-molecular-weight poly(ethylene oxide) (high-Mw PEO) emerges as a promising option due to its high CO₂ solubility, affordability, and robust mechanical attributes. However, the crystalline nature of high-Mw PEO hinders its application in gas separation membranes. This study proposes a straightforward blending approach by incorporating various polymeric additives into high-Mw PEO to address this challenge. Four commercially available, water-soluble polymers, i.e. poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(propylene glycol) (PPG), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) are examined as additives to enhance membrane performance by improving miscibility and reducing PEO crystallinity. Contrary to expectations, PEG and PPG fail to inhibit the crystalline structure of PEO and result in membrane flaws. Conversely, PAA and PVP demonstrate greater success in altering the crystal structure of PEO, yielding defect-free membranes. A thorough investigation delves into the correlation between changes in the crystalline structure of high-Mw PEO blend membranes and their gas separation performance. Drawing from our findings and previously documented outcomes, we offer insights into designing and selecting additive polymers for high-Mw PEO, aiming at the creation of cost-effective, commercially viable CO₂ separation membranes.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 2017

In Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations(CAFOs), emission of ammonia from stored manure contributes negatively on the wellness of livestock. In CAFOs facilities, indoor aerial ammonia concentration oftentime surpasses the critical level potentially harmful to livestock's immune system. Understandably, numerous researches to control aerial ammonia have been conducted in countries where CAFOs were practiced for many decades. Some innovative technologies, such as scrubber, bio-filter, and additives emerged, as a result. Among them, microbial additives became popular in Korea, due to an easiness of use and affordability. However, microbial additives still have some weaknesses. Their price is still high enough to discourage farmers who run a small scale farm and their effectiveness are still questioned by many users and researchers. In the present study, we found soluble carbohydrates, such as sugar, glucose, and molasses, when supplemented to pig slurry manure, can mitigate ammonia emission. To be more specific, pig manure slurry(120kg), stored in container(200L), was supplemented with sugar at 0.1%(w/w) and was, subsequently, monitored for pH and aerial ammonia for next 10 days. From this experiment, it was found that the sugar supplementation was effective in mitigating the aerial ammonia concentration (33% in average) when monitored daily. Also, the pH of manure slurry was maintained at relatively low level(8.2) in sugar-supplemented manure slurry while it was elevated to 8.5 in untreated slurry. Conclusively, the obtained data suggest that soluble carbohydrate can mitigate ammonia emission by acidifying manure slurry. Additionally, it can be suggested that soluble carbohydrates, such as sugar, glucose, and molasses, can be reasonable choices for animal farmers who have been looking for an alternative choice to replace expensive microbial additives.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.107-126
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• 2002

Health sub-centers(HSCs) have played an important role in primary health care in rural area in Korea. The unification of neighboring HSCs was a strategy to improve the role of HSCs. This study was conducted to reveal the efficacy of the unified HSC established in Yangbuk-myeon, Gyeongju-si in1997. The utilization patterns of HSC and its related factors, and satisfaction of consumer on HSC were compared before and after unification of two HSCs in Gampo-eup, Yangnam-myeon using questionnaire survey, and also the statistics of medical care services and public health services were compared. Four hundred forty nine subjects were questioned in survey, 156 from Gampo-eup, 147 from Yangbuk-myeon, and 146 from Yangnam-myeon. Following unification, the utilization rates and the frequency of visits in Gampo-eup declined. In all three areas, chronic illness was the common factor influencing the utilization and change in frequency of visits to the unified HSC. Following unification, aspects of consumer satisfaction, for example; accessibility and affordability decreased in Gampo-eup, but increased in both Yangbuk-myeon and Yangnam-myeon. The statistics relating to medical care, X-ray examination, home visiting service, vaccination, and health education showed an increase for the unified HSC when compared to the sum of the statistics for the previous two. The execution rates for other public health services were the same, or a little decreased. Clinical laboratory examinations and the issuing of civil affair documents were new services offered by the unified HSC. It is concluded, the overall consumer satisfaction with the unified HSC was improved. In Gampo-eup, where after unification there was no HSC, it seemed to be a barrier to accessing the unified HSC. The effect of the unified HSC, in the respect of medical care and public health services, was not as significant as expected at the time of being established. Therefore, the strategies to reenforce the unified HSC should be developed to provide all residents with comprehensive primary health care services.