• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of increased brain activity on the muscle endurance and the effect of brain activation through the combination of transcranial direct current stimulation and aerobic exercise on elderly woman. Methods : To investigate the effect of the muscle endurance on right leg, muscle endurance was evaluated by measuring the surface EMG of the muscles of the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius muscle. Results : There was a significant difference in the pre and post comparisons of muscle endurance on rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior muscle (p<.05). Difference of Combination of transcranial direct current stimulation and aerobic exercise group median frequency was smaller than control group (p<.05). There was not a significant difference in the pre and post comparisons of muscle endurance on biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius muscle. Difference of Combination of transcranial direct current stimulation and aerobic exercise group median frequency was showed a similar pattern. Conclusion : Through these results, It was found that increasing the brain activity by the transcranial direct current stimulation improves the exercise capacity on the elderly women. Combination of transcranial direct current stimulation and aerobic exercise maybe applied as an effective treatment for improving muscular endurance.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.310-316
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• 2001

Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthase catalyzed the last enzymic step to synthesize the intracellular PHB of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. No PHB was detected when the phbC coding for PhB synthase was interrupted, and its expression was regulated at the level of transcription. The cellular PHB content increased about four- to six-fold during the growth transition from the exponential to the early stationary phase under both aerobic and photoheterotrophic conditions. The PHB content during the aerobic growth seemed to be determined by the PhB synthase activity. However, the PHB synthase activity of photoheterotrophically grown cells did not correlate with the PhB content, suggesting a photoheterotrophic regulation different from the aerobic control. Thus, the PHB content of R. sphaeroides was regulated at the transcription level only under aerobic conditions.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.127-130
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• 2005

The feasibility of stimulating in situ aerobic cometabolic activity of indigenous microorganisms was investigated in a trichloroethene(TCE)-contaminated aquifer, A series of single-well natural drift tests (SWNDT) was conducted by injecting site groundwater amended with a bromide tracer and combinations of toluene, oxygen, nitrate, ethylene and TCE into an existing monitoring well and by sampling the same well over time. Transformation of ethylene, a surrogate of overall TCE transformation activity, was also observed, and its transformation results in the production of ethylene oxide, suggesting that some tolune-oxidizing microorganisms stimulated may express a monooxygenase enzymes. Also in situ transformation of TCE was confirmed by dilution-adjusted data analysis developed in this study. These results indicate that, in this environment, toluene and oxygen additions stimulated the growth and aerobic cometabolic activity of indigenous microorganisms expressing monooxygenase enzymes and that these are responsible for observed toluene utilization and cometabolism of ethylene and TCE. The simple, low-cost field test method provides an effective method for conducting rapid field assessments and pilot testing of aerobic cometabolism of TCE, which has previously hindered application of this technology to groundwater remediation.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.629-637
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-salinity wastewater on the microbial activity of Aerobic Granule Sludge (AGS). Laboratory-scale experiments were performed using a sequencing batch reactor, and the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), nitrogen removal efficiency, sludge precipitability, and microbial activity were evaluated under various salinity injection. The COD removal efficiency was found to decrease gradually to 3.0% salinity injection, and it tended to recover slightly from 4.0%. The specific nitrification rate was 0.043 - 0.139 mg $NH_4{^+}-N/mg$ $MLVSS{\cdot}day$. The specific denitrification rate was 0.069 - 0.108 mg $NO_3{^-}-N/mg$ $MLVSS{\cdot}day$. The sludge volume index ($SVI_{30}$) ultimately decreased to 46 mL/g. The specific oxygen uptake rate decreased from an initial value 120.3 to a final value 70.7 mg $O_2/g$ $MLVSS{\cdot}hr$. Therefore, salinity injection affects the activity of AGS, causing degradation of the COD and nitrogen removal efficiency. It can be used as an indicator to objectively determine the effect of salinity on microbial activity.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.132-136
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• 2020

Purpose: The talk test (TT) is an alternative, self-reported method for prescribing and guiding exercise training in both healthy adults and patients with cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. This study examined whether the TT is a valid tool for evaluating the exercise intensity during two different types of aerobic activity on a treadmill or stationary bicycle in a healthy population. Methods: A total of ten subjects (six males and four females) who had no medical history related to musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and pulmonary disorders were enrolled in this study. They were evaluated using the TT, which consisted of three-level of difficulties demanding cardiac loads while performing aerobic activities on a treadmill and bicycle ergometer across two consecutive days in a counterbalanced manner. During the activities, the psychophysiological response markers were collected in terms of the heart rate, oxygen saturation, rating of perceived exertion, and metabolic equivalents. Results: Statistical analyses revealed a significant difference in the between-subject variance regarding the TT level effect (p<0.05). On the other hand, no significant findings were detected on the between-group variance(p>0.05) and the TT level×group interaction (p>0.05). The independent t-test indicated no significant differences in heart rate, oxygen saturation, rating of perceived exertion, and metabolic equivalents at any levels of the TT in the two groups. The TT showed a strong correlation with the rating of perceived exertion. Conclusion: This study showed that the TT is a valid and alternative tool for evaluating the aerobic exercise intensity in a healthy population. In addition, differences in the psychophysiological response markers between two aerobic activities, treadmill and bicycle ergometer, were detected in the same exercise intensity scaled with the TT. The TT can be used to evaluate and prescribe the exercise intensity of aerobic activity in cardiovascular and pulmonary physical therapy.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.453-457
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• 2012

The Goal of this study was to assess the effect of aerobic exercise on cognitive function of elderly people. The participants' cognitive functions were measured before exercise. Exercise was practiced three times a week for nine weeks. The aerobic exercises consisted of warm-up exercises for five minutes followed by cycling for 30 minutes. The exercise intensity was set to 65%~75% of the intensity for the maximum heart rate(220-age). The control group did not perform any exercises. The subjects' cognitive functions were measured nine weeks later. In the aerobic exercise group, between before and after the exercises, significant increases appeared in total K-MMSE scores and scores of some sub items comprising memory registration, concentration and calculation abilities but not in other items. In the control group, no significant differences appeared in any items between before and after the experiment. In a comparison between the aerobic exercise group and the control group, significant differences appeared in total K-MMSE scores and scores of two sub items comprising concentration and calculation abilities but not in other items(p<.05). Aerobic exercises were effective in the improvement of cognitive functions and among sub items of cognitive functions, concentration and calculating abilities were improved. Aerobic exercises performed by elderly persons are considered to be effective in improving cognitive functions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.919-923
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• 2004

The sk10 isolated from kimchi was identified as W. kimchii on the basis of l6s-rDNA sequencing. Studies were made to analyze the metabolic flux shift of the sk10 on glucose under aerobic growth conditions. The sk10 produced 38.2 mM acetate, 16.3 mM ethanol, and 33.2 mM lactate under aerobic conditions, but 2.4 mM acetate, 48.0 mM ethanol, and 44.1 mM lactate under anaerobic conditions. The NADH peroxidase (NADH-dependent hydrogen peroxidase) activity of sk10 grown under aerobic conditions was 11 times higher than that under anaerobic conditions. Under the low ratio of $NADH/NAD^+$, the metabolic flux toward lactate and ethanol was shifted to the flux through acetate kinase without NADH oxidation. The kinds of enzymes and metabolites of sk10 were close to those in the pathway of Leuconostoc sp., but the metabolites produced under aerobic growth conditions were different from those of Leuconostoc sp. The stoichiometric balance calculated using the concentrations of metabolites and substrate was about 97%, coincident with the theoretical values under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. From these results, it was concluded that the metabolic flux of W. kimchii sk10 was partially shifted from lactate and ethanol to acetate under aerobic conditions only.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.103-112
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• 1977

Several strains of spore-forming lacticacid bacteria were isolated from natural sources such as soils, cereals, and foods. The general morphological and physiological characteristics of the strain 6-4 were investigated nad compared with some other industrial strains. The effects of fructose-1,6-diphoshpate (FDP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and pH on the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity of the strain were studied, and the changes in LDH activity and spore formation under various cultural conditions were researched. The results were as follows. 1. This strain was identified to Bacillus coagulans Hammer and distributed widely in natural sources. 2. The strain strongly converted various fermentation substrates in to L(+)-lacticacid in anaerobic conditioins, and many spores that were of great advantages to the industrial application were formed easily in the aerobic condition. 3. The LDH activity of this strain was activated by FDP and inhibited by ATP. The optimal pH for the enzyme activity was 6.0-6.5. 4. In the anaerobic culture condifion, the large amount of glucose added in the medium increased the LDH activity, but the cells were not committed to sporulate. 5. When none or a very small amount of glucose (less than 0.5%) was added to culture medium in the aerobic condition, the LDH activity was decreased and many spore were produced with final pH higher than 8.5. 6. The additioin of large amount of glucose (more than 2.0%) in aerobic culture increased the LDH activity and inhibited strongly the spore formation with final pH lower than 6.0.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.825-833
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• 2002

The effects of dietary supplementation of Eleutherococcus senticosus, taurine and carnitine on maximal endurance exercise performance along with other related parameters were evaluated in rats that underwent aerobic exercise training for 6 weeks. Thirty-two male rats (4 weeks old) were randomly divided into 4 groups, and fed experimental diets and/or aerobic exercise trained according to the protocol: SC (sedentary control group), EC (exercise-trained control group), EE (exercise-trained Eleutherococcus senticosus-supplemented group), and EETC (exercise-trained Eleutherococcus senticosus, taurine and carnitine-supplemented group). The food efficiency ratio of EC rats was significantly lower than the value for SC rats (p < 0.01). Exercise-trained control animals (92 $\pm$ 8.8 min) could run significantly longer until exhausted on the treadmill than sedentary control rats (11 $\pm$ 0.8 min) (p < 0.001). Animals fed an Eleutherococcus senticosus-supplemented diet, and an Eleuthherococcus sonticosus, taurine and carnitine- supplemented diet while undergoing aerobic exercise training for 6 weeks exhibited, respectively, 8 and 5 minutes longer running performance until exhausted than the rats fed the control diet. The gastrocnemius muscle glycogen concentration of the rats, measured at 48 hours post maximal exercise performance test, was 43% higher in EC rats than the value for SC rats (p < 0.05), but was not different among EC, EE, and EETC rats. The mitochondrial citrate synthase activity of the soleus muscle was significantly higher in EC rats compared to the value for SC rats (p < 0.01), and showed a tendency to increase, without statistical significance, in EE or EETC rats compared to the value for EC rats. These results indicate that aerobic exercise training for 6 weeks significantly improved maximal exercise performance, muscle glycogen content along with citrate synthase activity, which are important in the energy metabolism of muscle under aerobic exercise. Dietary supplementation of Eleutherococcus senticosus in rats while undergoing aerobic exercise training improved maximal endurance exercise performance without significantly affecting muscle glycogen content and enzyme activities involved in energy metabolism during exercise. Taurine and carnitine supplementation failed to show an additive effect on maximal endurance exercise performance when consumed along with Eleutherococcus senticosus.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2019

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of diet plus exercise training and detraining for 12 weeks on body composition, aerobic performance, and stress-related variables in obese women. [Methods] Twenty-five women in their 20s-40s with 30% body fat and body mass indices above 25 kg/m² were divided into HR_LT (heart rate at lactate threshold) and HR_LT + 5% groups. Dietary intervention of 70% recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and exercise treatment composed of aerobic exercises on a bicycle (30 min) and treadmill (30 min) were then performed. These interventions were performed three times a week for 12 weeks. [Results] Dietary intake was significantly decreased, while daily activity significantly increased within the 12-week intervention period, and this effect was sustained after 12 weeks of detraining. Exercise training based on dietary intake and daily activity presented a significantly decreased weight and % body fat, improvement of aerobic performance, and a significant increase in heart rate variability (HRV) (e.g., average of all RR intervals and the square root mean squared differences of successive RR intervals) as stress-related variables. It was also confirmed that the improvement of body composition and stress-related variables were maintained even after detraining. [Conclusion] Our results suggest that 70% RDA of dietary intervention and exercise training corresponding to HR_LT and HR_LT + 5% for 12 weeks were effective in improving body composition and aerobic performance, and relieving stress. In particular, enhanced HRV persisted for up to 12 weeks after the end of exercise training in obese women.