• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 1982

Growth is marked by changes in body shape as well as in body size. Increase in size is described quantitatively by increments over time : changes in shape are complex and perhaps are not possible to quantify satisfactorily. Simply to define or describe static body shape quantitatively is difficult, and traditionally simple ratios or indices have been used. In order to find out the body proportion and the body type of the Korean males and females from 6 to 24 years, the material of measurements obtained by the Korean Body-build Investigations (measured in 1979) was calculated and analyzed. The results are as follows: 1. The growth of the trunk part of the body precedes that of the lower part. Comparing the growth rate of male and female, the latter is higher than the former, especially in 12. 2. When a comparison is made between 6, 9, 12, 15 years and grown-ups(20$\~$24 years) with their respective stature's taken as 100, then values of these children are larger in the measurements related with head, acromial and waist height but smaller in lower extremities than these of the grown-ups. 3. Body proportion changes gradually from infant to adult body type indicating different phases each sex.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.831-834
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• 1999

The Kawasaki disease has been reported worldwide since the first description in 1967 in Japan. Approximately 20% of the children with untreated Kawasaki disease are believed to develop coronary artery aneurysm of which 2-3% progress to coronary artery stenosis. The Kawasaki disease rarely affects adults and accordingly, there have been only a few cases reported in literatures. The present case describes a successful surgical treatment of a 43-year-old female patient with coronary artery aneurysm and stenosis, which resulted from an episode of the Kawasaki disease that occurred 20 years earlier. The patient was well at 5 months followup.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 2008

Lymphatic filariasis, transmitted by mosquitoes is the commonest cause of lymphedema in endemic countries. Among 120 million infected people in 83 countries, up to 16 million have lymphedema. Microfilariae ingested by mosquitoes grow into infective larvae. These larvae entering humans after infected mosquito bites grow in the lymphatics to adult worms that cause damage to lymphatics resulting in dilatation of lymph vessels. This earliest pathology is demonstrated in adults as well as in children, by ultrasonography, lymphoscintigraphy and histopathology studies. Once established, this damage was thought to be irreversible. This lymphatic damage predisposes to bacterial infection that causes recurrent acute attacks of dermato-lymphangio-adenitis in the affected limbs. Bacteria, mainly streptococci gain entry into the lymphatics through 'entry lesions' in skin, like interdigital fungal infections, injuries, eczema or similar causes that disrupt integrity of skin. Attacks of dermato-lymphangio-adenitis aggravates lymphatic damage causing lymphedema, which gets worse with repeated acute attacks. Elephantiasis is a late manifestation of lymphatic filariasis, which apart from limbs may involve genitalia or breasts. Lymphedema management includes use of antifilarial drugs in early stages, treatment and prevention of acute attacks through 'limb-hygiene', antibiotics and antifungals where indicated, and physical measures to reduce the swelling. In selected cases surgery is helpful.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.113-117
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• 2002

Choledochal cyst is a rare developmental malformation of the biliary tree and has serious problem of transformation to malignancy. The development of cholangiocarcinoma related to choledochal cyst increases as the age of patient increases and is more common in Orientals with female predominance of 2.5 times. Prevalence rate of cholangiocarcinoma is various from 2.5 to 15.6% in adult with choledochal cyst, but very low in children. We experienced a case of cholangiocarcinoma with multiple liver metastases arising from type I choledochal cyst in a 13-year-old girl who complained of sudden onset of right upper quadrant abdominal pain.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 2019

Purpose: This study investigated differences in the relationships of factors including emotional problems, self-perception, parental behavior, and peer attachment with smartphone dependency (SD) among middle school, high school, and college students in South Korea. Methods: This study used data from a nationwide sample of 1,882 middle school, 1,821 high school, and 1,346 college students who owned smartphones. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were conducted to investigate the predictors of SD based on school level. Results: SD scores significantly differed across school levels. Female gender, more aggressive behavior, less ego-identity, and less monitoring parental behavior were linked to higher SD at all school levels. Less self-esteem and intrusive parental behavior were linked to SD in middle school students. In high school students, additional factors related to higher levels of SD were resilience, intrusive / inconsistent parental behavior, peer trust and alienation, and depression. Additionally, resilience, over-expectant parental behavior, and peer trust were linked to higher SD in college students. Conclusion: This study provides insights into SD and predictors of SD among middle school, high school, and college students. Based on these findings, SD prevention programs should be developed according to the developmental stages of adolescents and young adults.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.13-21
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• 2021

The goal of this study was to quantify the content of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg) in the bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis, which was obtained from the Black Sea's Sinop peninsula, as well as estimate the health risks. Concentrations of heavy metals in mussels' soft tissues ranged between 16.4-21.8, 0.52-0.93, 0.13-0.45; 0.015-0.019 and 0.006-0.011mg kg^-1 wet weight for Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg and Cd, respectively. In general, metal concentrations in mussels were quite low. In mussels, Zn was the most prevalent element, followed by Cu. Regarding the monthly variation, although relatively higher tissue metal concentrations were observed in August compared to July, no statistical difference was found. The estimated daily intakes did not exceed the tolerable intakes. There was no health risk since the total hazard index was far below critical value 1. This demonstrates that eating mussels from the Sinop coasts in 2019 does not cause any health risks in infants, children, or adult. Mussels have a risk index of less than 10^-6, which is considered insignificant. In conclusion, the results of this study show that there is no heavy metal pollution in the mussels collected from Sinop coasts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.4
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• pp.936-942
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• 2021

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare condition that usually occurs in children and commonly affects the skeletal system. It is extremely rare in adults, especially in the clavicles. In this report, we describe a pathologically confirmed case of LCH in the clavicle of a 50-year-old male. We report various radiological findings, such as plain radiography, CT, MR, and PET-CT, along with a review of the literature.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2005

Objectives : This study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of psychiatric consultation for children and adolescents in a general hospital. Methods : Hospital records of 302 children and adolescents who were referred for psychiatric consultation in a general hospital over 4 years were reviewed and analyzed. Results : The mean referral rate for psychiatric consultation for school age children and adolescents was $2.15\%$. While more girls were referred in middle and high school age group, more boys were referred in pre-school age group. Fifty percent of the consultation was requested from department of internal medicine and pediatrics. Main reason for requesting psychiatric consultation was fur the assessment of the patients from psychiatric point of view $(31.1\%)$, followed by the management of depression $(11.6\%)$ and anxiety $(11.3\%)$. Most frequently rendered psychiatric services for the treatment was psychosocial education and supportive therapy $(21.2\%)$. Conclusion : There are differences in clinical nature of psychiatric consultation and referral patterns between adult patients and child and adolescent patients. Future research is needed to strengthen the services for child and adolescent psychiatric consultation.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.81-107
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• 2015

Ninety-eight bestselling children's picture books from 2008 to 2014 were analyzed for multicultural education. The criteria used for the analysis included Culture, Diversity, Identity, Equity, Anti-bias, and Cooperation that were drawn from Kim & Park (2011). An examination of the books revealed that they contained concepts of Cooperation, Identity, Culture, and Diversity in their orders of frequency while ideas of Equity and Anti-bias were barely depicted. Differences between domestic and translated books were found. Translated picture books reflected Diversity more frequently than domestic ones. Under a criterion of Culture, Recognizing Differences and Similarities was more frequently portrayed in translated books while Respecting for Cultures was more frequently found in domestic ones. Findings were discussed in terms of bestselling picture books' limitations of dealing with critical multicultural issues, domestic picture books' lack of reflection of changing multicultural realities, fantasy picture books'dealing with critical multicultural issues through metaphors, and possible problems of the books conveying biased or confusing messages. It was suggested that an adult's role is essential when the bestselling literature is used for the purpose of multicultural education. Their deliberate guidance can help young children engaged in critical issues of race, gender, and ability and develop their multicultural sensitivities through literature.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.243-255
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• 2017

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency treatment that stimulates blood circulation and breathing when the function of the heart stops or stops breathing. CPR can be divided by basic life support (BLS) and advanced life support (ALS). BLS involves the use of chest compression to force the blood flow to the main organs, rescue breathing to improve the breathing to the respiratory failure patient and the use automated external defibrillator (AED). The categories of advanced life support include advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) for adult and pediatric advanced life support (PALS) for children. In the treatment of dental care for children, which is extremely difficult to deal with, and for a variety of reasons, the use of sedation is considered to treat the children who are unlikely to cooperate with dentistry. This is why there is an increasing possibility of an emergency situation involving cardiac arrest. PALS includes the BLS, and it presents a systematic algorithm to treat respiratory failure, shock and cardiogenic cardiac arrest. In order to manage emergency situations in the pediatric dental clinic, respiratory support is most important. Therefore, mastering professional PALS, which includes respiratory care and core cases, particularly upper airway obstruction and respiratory depression caused by a respiratory control problem, would be highly desirable for a physician who treats pediatric dental patients. Regular training and renewal training every two years is necessary to be able to immediately implement professional skills in emergency situations.