• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.471-479
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify factors for smoking middle school students' intention to quit smoking on the basis of the social influence and self-efficacy [ASE] model. Methods: Data were collected from 2,015 students from five middle schools in Daegu with a structured questionnaire in March, 2013 and analyzed by using $x^2$-test, ANOVA, pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results: The smoking rate was 6.1% among the total subjects and 85.4% of the smokers had intention to quit smoking. The mean value of attitude toward quitting smoking was $2.15{\pm}0.34$, that of social influence $3.38{\pm}0.65$, and that of self-efficacy $2.84{\pm}0.95$. The multiple regression analysis showed an explanatory power of 24.7%, and experience of trying to quit smoking was the strongest factor affecting the intention to quit smoking (${\beta}$=.34, p<.01), followed by school years and social influence. Conclusion: In order to increase smoking middle school students' intention to quit smoking, intervention strategies are needed to increase positive social influence or to offer public information to younger smoking students in low school years.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to identify the significance of smoking experiences in high school girls, and to define essential structures of the experience. Methods: A phenomenological approach was used for this study. Data were collected using in-depth interviews. Study participants were 8 high school girls who had experience with smoking. The method proposed by Giorgi (1985) was used to guide the process of data analysis. Results: Themes which emerged from the data were: 'Beginning to smoke affected by surroundings', 'Self intention to begin smoking', 'Stimulated smoking drive (appetite)', 'Giving emotional comfort', 'Mood of overlooking teenagers' smoking', 'Smoking dead zone', 'Knowing that smoking is not suitable', 'Habitual smoking', 'Prejudice against women smoking', and 'Admitting that women smoke'. Conclusion: The findings provide an understanding of the smoking experience by high school girls and indicate that in order to develop the most effective nursing interventions to help female adolescents stop smoking, consideration needs to be given to the developmental stage of high school students.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.327-337
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• 2012

Purpose: This study examined the effectiveness of an adolescent school -based smoking prevention program. Methods: The study was done with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of the present study were 399 non-smoking high school students in Kyongbuk province. The subjects were divided into 184 experimental group members in G city who participated in a school-based smoking prevention program and 216 control group members in K city who did not participate. Data were collected from June to November 2011. collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 18.0 through $x^2$-test, independent t-test and ANCOVA. Results: The experimental group had significantly increased knowledge of smoking, knowledge of smoking prevention program, attitude of smoking, skill of smoking prevention in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: The school-based smoking prevention program delivered to non-smoking adolescents is an effective method of encouraging smoking prevention and can be utilized as an effective nursing intervention for non-smoking adolescents.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.487-503
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• 1993

This study was designed to investigate the situation of adolescent drug use in Seoul, and to com-pare this with the 1991 survey in order to better understand the present situation. The subject for this study were 1000 students in High School and Middle School. The data were collected during the period from september 1, 1992 to December 30, 1992. The guestionnaire developed by Kim So Ya Ja (1991) to survey adolescent drug use was used. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, 1-test and ANOVA with the SPSS program. The results of this study can be summarized as follows 1. Prevalence of Substance use : Antihistamines were used by 0.3% of adolescent, Sedatives 0.6%, Stimulants 8.1%, Hallucinogens 0.9%, Inhalants 3.2%, Narcotics 1.7%, and Analgetics 154.3%. 2. Trend in substance use compared to the 1991 surbey : Alcohol use increased from 52.8% to 63.7% and narcotics from 0.6% to 1.7%, while Smeking, Analgetics, Antihistamines, Sedatives, and Inhalants showed a decrease. 3. Smoking and Alcohol use : Twenty five percent of school adolescent had experienced cigarette smoking and 63.7% of school adolescent had experienced alcohol use. 4. Motives for drug use : The highest was avoidence of sleep at 49.4% and the next highest was adventure seeking at 27.7%. As to feeling after drug use, 34.3％ felt apathy, 22.8% had feelings of sleepiness and unconsciousness. 5. Places were dreg were purchased : The most frequent was the drug store (78.3%) and 84.4% of the respondents answered that drug purchase was easy and 86.7% that drug use was mainly at home. 6. Related Variables : There was a statistically significent high score for drug and alcohol use by adolescents whose fathers used drugs. (PC.05) In conclusion, adolescents in Seoul showed in decrease in the tendency to use drugs compared to the 1991 survey, however drugs which are habit-forming and lead to dependency are still being abused. Therefore, counter-plans and preventive stratiges are important.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1020-1026
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to investigate the relationship between blood pressure, lipids and body mass index by smoking status among adolescents. Methods: This study was designed as a descriptive correlational study. General and smoking characteristics were collected using a questionnaire. The smoking group consisted of 42 (33%) students and the non smoking group 85 (67%) students. Blood pressure, lipids, height and weight were measured, and body mass index was calculated to $kg/m^2$. The collected data was analyzed by the n(%), ${\chi}^2-test$, t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient (SPSS 12.0). Results: 1. The smoking level was different between grade, smoking status among the family, the contentment of their relationship with their parents, school life and teachers. 2. The smoking group's systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and body mass index were higher than those of the non smoking group. 3. The smoking amount had a significant positive correlation between total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusion: The result of this study offered basic data to develop intervention programs to prevent hypertension and hyperlipidemia in smoking adolescents.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.227-241
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• 2007

Background. Although research has established the existence of an association between smoking and depression among adolescents, researchers have not reached consensus on the nature of the association. Objectives. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature, to examine the nature of the relationship between smoking and depression in adolescence, and to suggest future research directions. Methods. A literature search was conducted from the following six databases: (a) Ovid MEDLINE, (b) CINAHL, (c) PubMed Unrestricted, (d) PsycINFO, (e) ERIC, and (f) Sociological Abstracts. The combinations of the words, "depression," "smoking," "tobacco," "adolescent," and "teen" were used for keyword searches to find relevant articles. Results. In 47 of 57 studies, significant associations between smoking and depression were found. However, these significant relationships may either be spurious or unrelated to depression because a substantial number of studies did not adjust for confounders or did not use validated instruments to measure depression. Additionally, if the relationship is causal, its direction remains controversial. Five relationships have been suggested: (a) Depression causes smoking, (b) smoking causes depression, (c) there is a bidirectional relationship between smoking and depression, (d) smoking and depression occur due to confounders, and (e) subgroups with different relationships between the two conditions exist. Conclusions. It is necessary to further explore the relationship between smoking and depression. Future research should consider the need for: (a) longitudinal research designs, (b) more accurate measurement of depression, and (c) the control of confounders between smoking and depression.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2003

Objectives : The purpose of the present study was to explore a possible interaction effect of stress and social support on the smoking status and identify smoking related factors of high school students, Methods : A cross-sectional design was used for this study. A total of 1,251 high school students from Gyeonggi-do were selected using stratified-proportional random cluster sampling methods, The participants completed a set of questionnaires to measure their smoking status, stress, social support and sociodemographic information, The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, $x^2$-tests and hierarchical logistic regressions. Results : The interaction effect of stress and social support on smoking status was not supported. However, stress, sex, types of school, parent's smoking and friends' smoking were significantly predicted the smoking status of the high school students. Conclusions : In relation to the prevention of adolescents' smoking, it is recommended to decrease the stress levels of students, to make adolescents' parents cease smoking, and to educate adolescents on how to refuse the temptation to smoke or pressure from their smoking friend.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.467-477
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to identify adolescents' smoking behavior and the status and need of smoking prevention education for adolescents. Method: The subjects were 375 students selected through convenient sampling from three middle schools and three high schools in Jeonbuk. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey and analyzed using SPSS 10.1. Result: The smoking rate was 20.8% and 83.7% the students experienced smoking prevention education. Students were educated by a special instructor (39.8%) or a health teacher (26.8%). Among the teaching methods, lecture was 69.4%, but some students (30.7%) wanted anti-smoking school. Among the students, 85.0% answered they want smoking prevention education and 46.7% said that it should be covered in regular curriculum. Conclusion: High interest and continuity are emphasized for the success of smoking prevention education. In addition, various teaching methods need to be developed including anti-smoking school, lectures, counselling and long term education program. Moreover, smoking prevention education programs need to be covered in regular curriculum.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2014

Purpose: This study has examined effectiveness of a secondhand smoking prevention program for adolescents. Methods: The study was done in a nonequivalent control group pretest/posttest design. The subjects of the current study were 198 middle school students from K city in the Gyeongbuk province. The students were assigned to an experimental group (100) and participated in the secondhand smoking prevention program or to a control group (98) and did not take part. Data collection was done from June to July 2012. A Chi-square test, independent t-test, paired t test and ANCOVA were used with the SPSS 18.0 program for data analysis. Results: There were significant differences between the groups in knowledge of short-term influence of secondhand smoking (F=9.65, p<.005), knowledge of long-term influence of secondhand smoking (F=15.53, p<.001), verbal coping skills for secondhand smoking prevention (F=16.35, p<.001), behavioral coping skills for secondhand smoking prevention (F=8.49, p<.005), and assertiveness of secondhand smoking prevention (F=17.30, p<.001) measurements. Conclusion: The secondhand smoking prevention program delivered to the adolescents is an effective method of encouraging secondhand smoking prevention and can be utilized as an effective nursing intervention for adolescents.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the smoking behaviors and to identify the impact of depression, temperament, and characteristics of smoking experience on rural adolescents. Method: A survey using a self-administered questionnaire was done of 310 rural high school students. Using SPSS 12.0, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The smoking rate of rural high school students was higher than that of the national rate for this age group. Serious depression was observed in the rural high school students. There was a positive correlation among smoking experience, school records, novelty seeking and a negative correlation between smoking and cooperativeness. The significant predictors of smoking experience were type of school, satisfaction with school, school records, novelty seeking, reward dependence and cooperativeness. These factors accounted for 38.9% of variances in the smoking experience of rural adolescents. Conclusion: These results suggest that adolescents who exhibit factors identified in this study are regarded as having the potential to smoke, and this result proposes the basis for program development for the prevention of smoking and smoking cessation.