• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.471-481
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary quality of food consumed away from home among Korean children and adolescents. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2010~2012 KNHANES (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) and included 3,583 subjects aged 7 to 18 years old. The frequency of food consumed away from home was dichotomized into more than once or less than once per day. Results: Thirty percent of subjects were shown to consume food away from home more than once per day, and older children from higher income households showed a higher frequency of food consumed away from home compared to other children. The percentage of children and adolescents cited as regularly skipping breakfast was 19%. Individuals who ate out more than once per day showed higher consumption of energy and sodium than those who ate out less than once per day. Conclusion: Excessive intakes of energy and sodium are associated with obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity-related diseases. Thus, there is a need for nutritional intervention and educational efforts to improve child nutrition and prevent obesity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.90-101
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• 2002

This study was undertaken to investigate the nutrient intake, dietary behavior, perception of body image and iron deficiency of high school adolescent girls. The subjects were 463 high school girls in Inchon. This cross-sectional survey was conducted by questionnaires and data were analysed by SAS program. Nutrient intakes collected from 3 day-retails were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. The following anthropometric measurements were made on all participants height, weight, body fat (%), skinfold thirkness, subscapular skinfold thickness, mid-upper arm circumference and waist-hip circumference. Blood samples were obtained and analyzed for iron nutritional status. The mean obesity index of rural students were highest among students. However, over 18% of the urban and rural students belonged to the low-weight group. Proportions of skipping meals were most high in urban vocational students and the main reason was lack of time for meal. Most nutrient intakes of the students were below the RDA, in particular calcium, iron, vitamin A and vitamin B$_2$. Most of the students were concerned with body image and weight control. Also they were not satisfied with their body image. The mean fell hemoglobin and transferrin saturation of rural students were lowest among students. The total binding capacity of urban vocational student\ulcorner were Invest among students. Prevalence of iron deficiency was most high in urban general students when judged by Hb, MCV and serum ferritin. In conclusion, this study indicates that nutrient intake in the female high school students was considerably lower than RDA. They should also be notified that severe weight control is very harmful for health. And they had lower self -satisfaction for their body image and undesirable flood habits. Therefore, prefer nutrition education is required to maintain desirable flood habits and improve their iron status in female high school students.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.279-288
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• 2000

The study examined BMIs, physical strength, activities, and the attitudes and behavior toward weight control among 7,968 Korean students{2,435 5th graders from elementary schools(ESs), 2,524 2nd graders from middle schools(MSs), 2,739 2nd graders from high schools(HSs)} nationwide. Compared to the 1987 data, there were increases of height(3-6cm) and weight(3-8kg), but decreases of physical strength and exercise. Lack of 'regular exercise' among girls from MSs and HSs and higher proportion of time spent on watching TV and using a computer for elementary schoolers were particularly noticeable. Proportions of students who were satisfied with their body weight were 49% for ESs, 35% for MSs, and 29% for HSs. There was no relationship between subjective and objective evaluations of body weight. Diet rather than exercise was more frequently chosen as a method of weight control. Compared to boys, girls showed stronger association between the amount of exercise and the subjective body weight in MSs and HSs, however this association was not found for the subjects from HSs. Values for the 50th percentile of BMI of boys and girls were 18.4 and 17.7 for ESs, 19.9 and 20.1for MSs, and 21.4 and 20.6 for HSs. In MSs and HSs, boys with BMI between 15th to 85th percentiles were physically stronger than those whose BMIs were lower than 15th kor higher than 85th percentiles. For the other groups, there was a trend of a positive relationship between BMI and physical strength. Based on the analyses of BMI and physical strength, this study suggests 22 and 21 for upper grades in ESs, 24 and 23 for MSs, and 27 and 25 for HSs as the respective cut off points of BMI for weight control n boys and girls. A need for implementing nutrition education program focused on weight control is also suggested.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2019

Purpose: Vitamin D deficiency is a condition widespread throughout the world. Recent studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency was associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adolescents. Methods: The data were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008-2014. A total of 3,878 adolescents were included in the study. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration <20 ng/mL and suspected NAFLD was defined as an alanine transaminase concentration >30 U/L. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was noted in 78.9% of the studied population. Age, body mass index, waist circumference, and blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in adolescents with suspected NAFLD than in adolescents without suspected NAFLD, while the mean vitamin D level was significantly lower in adolescents with suspected NAFLD. The multivariate-adjusted odds of suspected NAFLD were higher with increased age, male gender, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Individuals with vitamin D deficiency were at higher risk of suspected NAFLD (odds ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-2.95) after adjusting for age, gender, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was associated with suspected NAFLD, independent of obesity and metabolic syndrome, in adolescents.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제11권sup1호
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• pp.55-71
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• 2008

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) defined as passage of gastric contents into the esophagus without symptoms is a common physiologic gastrointestinal problem in infants, children and even in adults. But gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) defined as symptoms or complications of GER is a disease entity to find out the reason and treat. After the era of 1970 we have been studying about GERD with the development of diagnostic and therapeutic methods. I already introduced the nature and the fundamental knowledge of GERD in the opening symposium of KSPGHAN in 1998. Now, I will introduce the guidelines for evaluation and treatment of GERD which was recommended by the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition and American Pediatric Association which was published in 2001. And I will introduce progressing subjects and the forecoming issues to be solved in near future. Those are as followings. Does GERD cause otolaryngologic symptoms such as chronic sinusitis and chronic otitis? Is GERD inherited? Can we find out the child who will become GERD in adult life and the way to reduce the incidence of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal cancer? Is long term PPI therapy safe in children?

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.496-506
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 우리나라 12~18세 청소년의 플라보노이드 섭취 실태와 그 역학적 특성을 파악하기 위해 제 4 5기 국민건강영양조사 (2007~2012) 자료의 24시간 회상법 자료와 상용식품 중 플라보노이드 함량 데이터베이스를 연계하여 1일 총 플라보노이드 및 개별 플라보노이드 (플라보놀, 플라본, 플라바논, 플라반-3-올, 안토시아니딘, 이소플라본) 섭취량을 추정하였다. 그 결과, 한국 12~18세 청소년의 1일 평균 총 플라보노이드 섭취량은 남자 청소년이 195.6 mg/d, 여자 청소년이 189.4 mg/d 였으며, 개별 플라보노이드 중에는 플라보놀, 이소플라본 순으로 섭취량이 많았다. 플라보노이드 섭취량에 따라 영양소 및 식품군의 섭취량에 뚜렷한 차이가 있었는데, 플라보노이드 섭취량이 많은 군에서 지방 섭취량과 지방 기여 에너지 섭취량이 유의하게 낮았으며, 식이섬유와 비타민 C 섭취량은 유의하게 증가하였다. 식품군 별로 살펴보았을 때, 플라보노이드 섭취량이 많은 군일수록 곡류와 육류, 우유 및 유제품 군의 섭취량이 적었고, 두류와 과일류의 섭취가 선형적으로 증가하였다. 플라보노이드 섭취량에 따른 사회인구학적 요인, 건강 관련 지표, 식생활 요인의 분포를 살펴보았을 때, 플라보노이드 섭취량이 많은 그룹일수록 여성의 비율이 더 많았으며, 허리둘레와 수축기 혈압의 평균값이 유의하게 적었다. 여러 역학연구를 통해 플라보노이드가 심혈관계 질환, 당뇨병 등 만성질환의 예방에 긍정적인 영향을 미침이 증명되었고, 청소년기의 식생활은 성인기 이후 만성질환의 발생과 연관이 있으므로, 성인기의 건강을 위해서 청소년기부터 플라보노이드가 풍부한 식생활을 하는 것이 중요할 것으로 사료된다. 청소년의 플라보노이드 섭취 실태를 확인한 본 연구에서 더 나아가 플라보노이드 섭취량과 대사지표 및 질병의 유병률 등과의 연관성에 대한 후속 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.299-310
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• 2011

To establish good dietary behavior for middle school students, this study was conducted to analyze the needs of nutrition education and eating attitudes of 373 middle school students(boys 171, girls 202) in Hwaseong city. Using questionnaires, results were gathered and analyzed. Dietary behavior, food group intake and the needs of nutrition education were scored by a five-point Likert scale. Chi-square and student t-test were done for significant gender difference. The correlation between the needs of nutrition education with dietary behavior and food group intake was obtained by Pearson's r. The dietary attitude of 'try to eat first' and 'eating fast' were higher score in boys than in girls(p<0.05). Most of the students thought they didn't have any nutritional problems(71.8%). Nutrition education was considered necessary(54.9%) for proper growth and development(53.0%) in middle school. But 45.1% of students did not suggest by the reasons of 'short time to change'(28.2%), 'more effective in home'(27.4%). The appropriate time of nutrition education was pre-school(28.2%) or elementary school(27.4%), once a week(boys 51%, girls 71.3%) in frequency(p<0.001), and the information acquired by TV/Radio(30.0%) and internet(26.6%). Students(46.0%) wanted to know about 'growth and nutrition'. They were to learn information on the 'healthy growth'(4.10) and 'adolescent nutrition'(4.03). The vegetables group consumption and the thought of dietary attitude 'try to modify bad eating habits' were correlated with almost all categories of desired nutrition education. Through these results, good eating habits would be attained by nutrition education. A nutrition education program would require an expert teacher for middle school students.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2004

In order to investigate the differences of nutrient intakes by the economic status and different age groups and to identify the nutritional risk group and its specific nutrition problem, 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey were analyzed. The subject's numbers of 9,391 were classified into four classes such as low (14.2%), medium (37.2%), high (26.0%), and high above (22.6%) on the basis of the family monthly income and the 2001 Korean minimum cost of living according to the family size. Mean intakes of energy and all nutrients assessed by the RDAs, lipid-energy %, and MAR were increased as the economic status were going up. Na intake expressed per 1,000kcal was in reverse. Nearly a half(45.5%) of the low-income people seemed to take nutritionally inadequate diet in consideration with MAR values. Deficiencies of iron and even energy in the toddlers (1 to 2 years) of low-income class were of great concern. Adolescent age group has been observed that their calcium and iron intakes, and possibly energy, were appeared to be the most deficient among all the age groups regardless of the economic status. For the elderly in all the economic status except high-above class, calcium, vitamin A, and riboflavin were commonly deficient nutrients. Calcium deficiency was appeared throughout nearly all the ages except toddlers and all the economic classes. Even in the high-above class 57.3% took insufficient amount of calcium.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.245-256
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• 2002

This study was carried out to examine Koreans preference in mushrooms, their nutritional knowledge of mushrooms as a source of Vitamin D, and five characteristics of six dishes consisting of common dishes and mushroom dishes. The data were collected from 2,777 subjects in various age ranges by means of a survey questionnaire. Variables, such as age, gender, diet quality and the degree of interest in diet were significant factors considered in relation to preference of mushrooms. Adults ate mushrooms because of their healthfulness, but this attibute was not a factor among adolescent students. The level of nutritional knowledge was relatively low and the ratio of "do not know" responses was higher than the ratio of "yes" or "no" . Generally, housewives, elementary school children and those who were healthy, ate floods because of health consciousness, and those who preferred mushrooms had better dietary habits. The characteristics of mushroom dishes, both as main and side dishes, had much more correlation with the factors considered for the subjects than the common dishes and one dish meals, respectively. Dietary altitudes, such as mushroom preference, frequency of mushroom intake and level of nutritional knowledge, were strongly correlated with the characteristics of the six dishes. It has been shown that mushroom dishes were recognized as nutritional, rather than delicious.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.258-266
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• 2017

본 연구는 제6기(2013-2015년) 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 만12세 이상 19세 미만 청소년의 음주행태와 대사증후군의 관련성을 파악하고자 시도되었다. 청소년의 음주행태와 대사증후군 위험요인들과의 상관관계를 확인하기 위해 Multivariate logistic regression을 이용하여 분석하였다. 대상자는 총 1,698명으로 남자 901명, 여자 797명이었다. 남자 청소년의 경우 최근 1년간 음주빈도와 혈중 중성지방에 유의한 상관관계가 나타났다(p for trend=0.03). 한 번에 마시는 음주량이 5잔 이상일 경우 고중성지방혈증이 나타날 위험성이 유의하게 높아지는 것으로 나타났다(OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.12-4.66, p=0.02). 여자 청소년에서 최근 1년간 음주빈도와 혈중 고밀도지단백 콜레스테롤 수치 사이에 유의한 상관관계가 나타났다(p for trend=0.01). 남자 청소년에서 음주빈도와 음주량이 대사증후군의 위험인자인 혈중 중성지방 증가와 관련성이 나타났다. 이는 청소년 음주가 성인기의 대사증후군으로 발전 가능성이 높음을 시사한다. 본 연구결과를 근거로 청소년기의 음주가 성인기의 대사증후군으로 발전 되는 것을 예방하기 위해 지속적인 음주예방교육과 음주와 성인기 대사증후군 예측요인 간의 보다 엄밀한 연구를 제언한다.