• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2009년도 정보 및 제어 심포지움 논문집
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• pp.141-144
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop the auxiliary rehabilitation device for a patient of spinal curvature. The adolescent diopathic scoliosis(AIS) must be treated by rehabilitation brace if Cobb angle is $20^{\circ}{\sim}40^{\circ}$. The rehabilitation brace is consist of 4 vest and 2 hinge parts(hinge and couple bar) that give a force to the ribs. But thin and light hinge parts for young patient failed easily because of unusual movement of the upper body. We studied optimum design and structural analysis of hinge parts when it distorted by tensile and bending force. The specimen of hinge parts were tested to evaluate the failure strength. And we attached circuits with memory and sensor detecting pressure and displacement to recoding stress in hinge parts. These data are used to alarm the patient to stop unusual movement and understand the load history.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2024

Purpose: Foot alignment affects the overall balance and alignment of the body. This study examined the relationship between the foot parameters and scoliosis in children and adolescents through simple radiographs. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and forty-one outpatients under 15 years old from 2013 to 2022 were evaluated. Patients with an abnormal leg length discrepancy or pelvic tilt were screened. The patients included were divided into four groups. Each group was tested to determine if they had scoliosis. The foot anterior-posterior/lateral X-rays were selected for the foot parameters, and the EOS system was used for the spline and pelvis parameters. Results: A t-test of all groups showed no statistically significant difference as the p-value exceeded 0.05. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing the Cobb's angle and foot parameters did not show a significant correlation. On the other hand, female and older patients had a higher Cobb's angle. Conclusion: No direct relationship was noted between scoliosis and the foot parameters that could be measured radiographically among children and adolescents. In addition, no correction between the Cobb's angle and foot parameters was found.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.583-593
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of body shape variation of the clinical characteristics of patients who suffered from Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The data were collected from the spine clinics who were all thirty healthy make and female, from April, 1995 to May, 1998. The results of study were as follows ; 1. Total patients statistics mean age is 19years and 21 female, 9 male. 2. We divided 30 patients into four types(I, II, III, IV) by Evaluation form. As the result, Lots of patients included type IV. 3. Body type(IV) : Deformity style of Rt. shoulder & Lt. Pelvis forward style. 4. Body type IV showed a specific character in their life style. When the right shoulder forwarded and left pelvis is ant. tilting. The patients moved always their Lt. lower extremity first in Rt. lower extremity support the weight of body. And moved always their Rt. upper extremity in Lt. upper extremity support the weight of body.

• Asian Spine Journal
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1060-1068
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• 2018

Study Design: Retrospective study. Purpose: Lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration is an important cause of low back pain. Overview of Literature: Spinal fusion is often reported to have a good course for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). However, many studies have reported that adjacent segment degeneration is accelerated after lumbar spinal fusion. Radiography is a simple method used to evaluate the orientation of the vertebral column. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the method most often used to specifically evaluate intervertebral disc degeneration. The Pfirrmann classification is a well-known method used to evaluate degenerative lumbar disease. After spinal fusion, an increase in stress, excess mobility, increased intra-disc pressure, and posterior displacement of the axis of motion have been observed in the adjacent segments. Methods: we retrospectively secured and analyzed the data of 15 patients (four boys and 11 girls) with AIS who underwent a spinal fusion surgery. We studied the full-length view of the spine (anterior-posterior and lateral) from the X-ray and MRI obtained from all patients before surgery. Postoperatively, another full-length spine X-ray and lumbosacral MRI were obtained from all participants. Then, pelvic tilt, sacral slope, curve correction, and fused and free segments before and after surgery were calculated based on X-ray studies. MRI images were used to estimate the degree to which intervertebral discs were degenerated using Pfirrmann grading system. Pfirrmann grade before and after surgery were compared with Wilcoxon signed rank test. While analyzing the contribution of potential risk factors for the post-spinal fusion Pfirrmann grade of disc degeneration, we used generalized linear models with robust standard error estimates to account for intraclass correlation that may have been present between discs of the same patient. Results: The mean age of the participant was 14 years, and the mean curvature before and after surgery were 67.8 and 23.8, respectively (p<0.05). During the median follow-up of 5 years, the mean degree of the disc degeneration significantly increased in all patients after surgery (p<0.05) with a Pfirrmann grade of 1 and 2.8 in the L2-L3 before and after surgery, respectively. The corresponding figures at L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1 levels were 1.28 and 2.43, 1.07 and 2.35, and 1 and 2.33, respectively. The lower was the number of free discs below the fusion level, the higher was the Pfirrmann grade of degeneration (p<0.001). Conversely, the higher was the number of the discs fused together, the higher was the Pfirrmann grade. Conclusions: we observed that the disc degeneration aggravated after spinal fusion for scoliosis. While the degree of degeneration as measured by Pfirrmann grade was directly correlated by the number of fused segments, it was negatively correlated with the number of discs that remained free below the lowermost level of the fusion.

• Experimental and Molecular Medicine
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• 제50권11호
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• pp.3.1-3.11
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• 2018

This study aimed to verify the effects of estrogen on the onset and development of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and the mechanisms associated with these effects by constructing a pubescent bipedal rat model. Experiments were conducted to investigate whether scoliosis progression was prevented by a Triptorelin treatment. One hundred twenty bipedal rats were divided into female, OVX (ovariectomy), OVX + E2, Triptorelin, sham, and male groups. According to a spinal radiographic analysis, the scoliosis rates and curve severity of the female and OVX + E2 groups were higher than those in the OVX, Triptorelin, and male groups. The measurements obtained from the sagittal plane of thoracic vertebrae CT confirmed a relatively slower growth of the anterior elements and a faster growth of the posterior elements between T11 and T13 in the female and OVX + E2 groups than in the OVX and Triptorelin groups. Histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry revealed a significantly longer hypertrophic zone of the vertebral cartilage growth plates that expressed more type X collagen and less type II collagen in the OVX and Triptorelin groups than in the female and OVX + E2 groups. Ki67 immunostaining confirmed an increase in the proliferation of vertebral growth plate chondrocytes in the OVX group compared with the female and OVX + E2 groups. In conclusion, estrogen obviously increased the incidence of scoliosis and curve severity in pubescent bipedal rats. The underlying mechanism may be a loss of coupling of the endochondral ossification between the anterior and posterior columns. Triptorelin decreased the incidence of scoliosis and curve magnitudes in bipedal female rats.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.50-53
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate radiographic/clinical outcomes of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients treated by a Korean neurosurgeon. Methods : Ten AIS patients were treated by a single neurosurgeon between January 2011 and September 2013 utilizing segmental instrumentation with pedicle screws. Basic demographic information, curve pattern by Lenke classification, number of levels treated, amount of correction achieved, radiographic/clinical outcomes [by Scolisis Resarch Society (SRS-22r) questionnaire] and complications were evaluated to determine the surgical results. Pulmonary function test was utilized to assess forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) before and after surgery. Results : The average percentage of correction of the major structural curve was 73.6% (ranged from 64% to 81.5%). Preoperative and final postoperative absolute FVC averaged 3.03 L and 3.76 L (0.73 L increase, p=0.046), and absolute FEV1 averaged 2.63 L and 3.49 L (0.86 L increase, p=0.021). Preoperative and final postoperative average self-image and function scores of SRS-22r were, $2.6{\pm}0.5$, $3.3{\pm}0.1$, $4.0{\pm}0.5$, and $4.6{\pm}0.0$, respectively. There was a significant improvement of the self-image and function scores of SRS-22r questionnaires before and after surgery (p<0.05). There was no case of neurological deficit, infection and revision for screw malposition. One patient underwent a fusion extension surgery for shoulder asymmetry. Conclusion : Radiographic/clinical outcomes of AIS patients treated by a Korean neurosurgeon were acceptable. Fundamental understanding of pediatric spinal deformity is essential for the practice of AIS surgery.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2019

목적: 단일 흉추 청소년기 특발성 척추 측만증의 수술적 치료로 척추경 나사못 고정술이 시행된 경우에 서로 다른 재질인 스테인레스강과 티타늄 합금 기기의 결과를 비교해 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 척추경 나사못 고정술과 선택적 흉추 유합술을 이용하여 수술을 시행하고 최소 2년 이상 추시가 가능하였던 단일 흉추 청소년기 특발성 척추 측만증 환자 141명을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 주 흉추 만곡이 40°-75°인 환자를 대상으로 하였으며, 기기의 재질에 따라 스테인레스강 기기가 사용된 경우는 S군(90명)으로, 티타늄 합금 기기가 사용된 경우는 T군(51명)으로 나누었다. S군의 강봉 직경은 7.0 mm였고 T군의 강봉 직경은 6.35 mm나 6.0 mm였다. 수술 전, 수술 직후와 술 후 2년에 촬영한 기립성 전 척추 방사선 사진을 이용하여 방사선적 측정을 시행하였다. 술 전 관상면과 시상면상 만곡의 측정값에서 두 군 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결과: S군에서 술 전 51.3°±8.4°의 주 흉추 만곡은 술 후 2년에 19.0°±7.6° (63.1% 교정)로 감소되었고, 술 전 32.3°±8.4°의 요추 만곡은 술 후 2년에 12.7°±8.2° (62.9% 교정)로 감소되었다. T군에서는 술 전 49.5°±8.4°의 주 흉추 만곡과 30.3°±8.9°의 요추 만곡은 술 후 2년에 각각 18.8°±7.4° (62.2% 교정)와 11.3°±5.4° (63.3% 교정)로 감소되었다. 관상면상 만곡의 교정은 두 군 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 흉추 후만은 S군에서 술 전 16.8°±8.5°에서 술 후 2년에 24.3°±6.1°로, T군에서는 19.6°±11.2°에서 26.6°±8.5°로 증가되었다. 유합 분절수, 사용된 척추경 나사못의 개수 및 술 후 2년의 흉추 후만, 요추 전만, 관상면과 시상면 균형에도 두 군 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 결론: 척추경 나사못 고정술을 이용한 단일 흉추 청소년기 특발성 척추 측만증 수술에서 스테인레스강과 티타늄 합금 기기와 강봉은 관상면과 시상면에서 의미 있는 차이 없이 비슷한 교정을 보였다.

• 대한심미치과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.71-90
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• 2021

가상 환자 데이터 세트는 단일 환자로부터 획득한 구강스캔 안면스캔 전신스캔 하악운동경로데이터 등 다양한 소스의 진단 데이터를 하나의 3차원 좌표계로 정렬한 데이터의 집합이다. 치과의사는 가상 환자 데이터 세트를 사용하여 효과적으로 치료 계획을 수립하고 다양한 치료 계획을 가상공간상에서 시뮬레이션 할 수 있으며, 가상 환자 데이터 세트에서 환자의 미소를 디자인 후 그 결과를 시뮬레이션하고 최적의 치료결과를 선택할 수 있다. 가상공간에서 선택된 치료 계획은 3D 프린팅, 밀링, 사출 성형과 같은 제조 기술을 사용하여 환자에게 동일하게 전달될 수 있다. 이러 치료 계획의 전달은 임시 수복물 제작 및 환자의 구강 내에서 목업 확인을 통해 최종 보철물 제작으로 연결할 수 있다. 이와 같이 진단 데이터, 중첩 및 가공의 정확도가 보장된다면 3차원 가상공간 상에서 시뮬레이션된 3D 디지털 스마일 디자인을 실제 환자에게 정확하게 전달할 수 있다. 가상환자데이터세트의 임상적용방법으로 동기능적교합측정 검사를 통해 교합조정치료를 치료계획에서 배제할수 있는 의사결정방법과, 턱관절질환을 가지고 있는 청소년기 특발성 척추측만증 환자의 턱관절 치료전후 전신스캔 비교분석방법, 그리고 전악수복증례인 상하악 총의치환자 진료시 가상환자데이터세트에 기반한 교합평면분석 및 디지털심미분석방법을 제시하였다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 척추측만증 환자의 진료를 위하여 필요한 Whole Spine Scanography 검사에서 촬영거리, 환자자세(전후 후전 방향), 흉부벽두께, 갈비뼈두께, 폐조직두께, 관전압, 고전압정류방식의 변화에 따른 유방의 입사선량의 차이에 대한 정량적인 자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 환자의 자세(전후방향과 후전방향)에 따른 유방 입사선량의 저감효과를 확인하기 위하여 관전압 90 kVp, 커마 0.1 mGy, 촬영거리 260 cm, 관전압의 리플율이 0인 인버터정류방식, 필터의 두께 3.5 mm, 환자의 흉벽의 두께 120 mm를 조건으로 Simulation of X-ray Spectra program을 이용하여 시뮬레이션 하였다. 그 결과 알루미늄 필터 두께 3.5 mm에서 2.6배, 흉벽의 두께 120 mm에서 25.7배, 고 관전압에서 1.43배, 관전압 리플율 0에서 1.14배의 선량 저감효과가 있었다. 각각의 입사 선량저감효과의 총합은 약 109배이었다. RANDO phantom의 자세(전후방향과 후전방향)에 따른 선량 저감효과를 확인하기 위하여 촬영거리 260 cm, 관전압 90 kVp, 관전류 270 mA, 촬영시간 0.31 sec, 관전압의 리플율이 0인 인버터정류방식, 필터의 두께 3.5 mm을 조건으로 측정한 결과 유방의 입사선량은 전후 방향에 비하여 후전방향이 평균 20.56배의 선량 저감효과가 있었다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2024

Background: Daytime sleepiness, a common phenomenon among adolescents focused on academics, has negative effects on aspects such as growth and overall learning. However, research on various drugs and diseases affecting daytime sleepiness is lacking in the reality. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the factors influencing daytime sleepiness in adolescents with daytime sleepiness. Methods: This study was conducted through a survey of 2,432 middle and high school students, aged 14 to 19. The questionnaire consisted of information on socio-demographic characteristics, overall health status, and sleep patterns. The Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS), translated into Korean, was used to assess daytime sleepiness. Daytime sleepiness was measured by calculating the total score for each item of the PDSS, and divided into two groups based on the cutoff value of 19, which was the upper quartile. Results: We analyzed a total of 1,770 students including 799 boys and 971 girls. Students with a PDSS score of 19 or higher made up 33.3% of boys and 66.7% of girls. In multivariate analyses, females, smoking, poor self-reported health level, sleep after 12 am, not feeling refreshed in the morning, headache, muscle pain, and scoliosis increased the risk of daytime sleepiness significantly. The AUROC of PDSS, including significant factors in multivariate analyses, was 0.751 (95% CI 0.725~0.776). Conclusions: Daytime sleepiness in adolescents affects growth, academic performance, and emotional stability. Therefore, it is important to manage medications, diseases, and other factors that affect daytime sleepiness on a social level.