• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.218-224
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• 2001

Although Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) has been considered as the disorder occurring during childhood, the prevalence is increasing among adolescents and adults. The prevalence rate varies from 2.0 to 14.3% due to the difference of diagnostic criteria, different assessment methods, or subjects' age difference. Therefore, it needs to make age specific(i.e., for children, for adolescents, and for adults) assessment tools. Authors translated Conners-Wells Adolescents Self-Report Scales(short form)[CASS(S)] in to Korean to get validity and reliability as a way of development of assessment tool for adolescent with ADHD in Korea. CASS(S) was translated and corrtected by three psychiatrists and one clinical psychologist. To examine the concurrent validity and test-retest validity, CASS(S) was applied with K-YSR on one class of each grade in a middle school in Seoul with two week interval(total 115：male 58, female 57). To test validity, authors analysed and got Cronbach's as internal consistency. Construct validity was done by principal axis factor analysis on 4,354 students. As a result, Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency was .88, Pearson coefficient for test-retest reliability .83, and coefficient for concurrent validity .65. And in the factor analysis to examine construct validity, three factors were revealed as cognition, hyperactivity, and conduct. These results shows that CASS(S) may be useful tool for adolescents with ADHD, although there was a limit not to be done the comparison with clinical groups.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.162-171
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• 1994

Objects : This study was carried out to develop the Korean form of Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Child Version(LOI-CV) designed to assess the obsessive compulsive symptoms in children and adolescents. The LOI-CV was modified into a paper-and-pencil form in order to administer it to group. Methods : We applied the Korean form LOI-CV to 127 elementary, middle and high school children, and retest it to 82 children with 3 weeks interval. Together with LOI-CV, Korean form of SCL-90-R which had been proved its reliability and validity, were administered to the all subjects for examining of concurrent validity. And then we examined whether this scale discriminates between obsessive patients, psychiatric controls and normal controls in the level of obsessive symptoms. Results : Test-retest reliability, internal consistency were very satisfactory. Concurrent validity with SCL-90-R was moderate level. And obsessive patients was scored significantly higher than psychiatric and normal controls in the level of obsessive symptoms. In factor analysis, items are clustered to 5 factors. In the global obsessive symptom, obsessive scores of female elimentary school students were higher than that of male students. Conclusions : These results indicate that the Korean form of LOI-CV is reliable and valid self-rating scale to assess the obsessive-compulsive symptoms in Korean children and adolescents. Author suggests that future research is needed for Korean version standardization study in normal and clinic-refered population.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.130-138
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop auditory-verbal and visual-spatial memory tasks using smart devices for children aged 8 to 10 years and examine their validity. Methods: One-hundred and fourteen school-aged children were recruited through internet advertising. We developed memory tasks assessing auditory-verbal memory, visual-spatial memory, and working memory, and then examined their construct validity by examining the developmental trend of the children's mean scores with age. In order to examine the concurrent validity of the tasks, we conducted correlation analyses between the children's scores on the newly developed auditory-verbal, visual-spatial memory and working memory tasks and their scores on well-known standardized tests of memory and working memory, including the auditory-verbal memory subtests of the Korean Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery for Children, Korean Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, digit span and arithmetic subtest of Korean Educational Development Institute Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised, and Corsi block test. Results: The memory and working memory scores measured by the newly developed tasks tended to increase with age. Further, there were significant correlations between the scores of the four cognitive tasks and the corresponding scores of the standardized assessment tools. Conclusion: This study revealed promising evidence for the validity of the memory tasks using smart devices, suggesting their utility for school-aged children in research and clinical settings.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2006

The effects of the Attachment Promotion Therapy (APT) program for the autistic children were reviewed by 8 papers. The program was consisted with play activity centered mother-child interaction, educational activity for parents, lecture, video-feedback, and support. APT program was effective to improve the attachment behaviors and attachment security. And the mother's behaviors to her child became more child-centered, positively responsive, expressive supportively. Ninety six point seven percent of the mothers were satisfied with the APT program. They described that it was helpful to understand their children's developmental limitation and strength, to learn how to play with their children, to make supportive social network among the mothers, to minimize familial conflicts, and to make them much more comfortable with their children. They thought the APT Program was to be a steppingstone of the further educational program. APT program is an effective early intervention to promote social development and decrease autistic problems.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.79-90
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• 2006

Social deficits are the most critical and core deficits of the children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder(ASD) and they are qualitatively as well as qualitatively different from typically developing children. It is proposed that the attachment between the mother and the autistic child should be promoted foremost and early as possible, to improve social deficits, just like early social developments in normal children depend largely on interactions between the mother and the child who are attached to each other we have developed an interventional program, 'Attachment Promotion Therapy', largely based on the attachment theory. The Attachment promotion Therapy mandates the participation of both the mother and the autistic child, and consists of mutually enjoying play activities, close physical contacts and parental training on intense mother-child interactions, focusing on improving maternal sensitivity, responsiveness, and nurturing behaviors during their interactions. The program was found to be effective in improving attachment behaviors, attachment security and acquiring joint attention skills. Attachment Promotion Therapy is therefore proposed here as the important earliest intervention method for children with ASD and could become the base for many other educational and therapeutic interventions.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.44-56
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• 1999

Substance abuse, which leads to juvenile delinquency and other troubles, is one of the most serious problems for the adolescents today. The frequency of the adolescent substance abuse has been growing every year, but the effective methods to cope with the problem have not been well developed yet. The purpose of this study is to investigate into the more favorable ways by review the literature on substance abuse systematically. This study is a research based on the overview of the literature so that we may identify the present conditions of the adolescent substance abuse, its types, its problems and the nursing intervention. This literature review results in the following suggestions. Substance abuse is prevalent among the adolescents enough to be considered as one of our society's major problems. So policy makers as well as government and private agencies should recognize the seriousness of substance abuse and associated problem behaviors. Moreover, it is necessary that the adolescents should remind themselves of the seriousness of substance abuse. Once the health professionals notice the adolescents' involvement in substance abuse, they need to approach them with the parental concern in order to establish rapport with them by using tactful questions that can assess their feelings, behaviors, and experiences. The exploratory study is prerequisite to the solution of that problem. The development of the wholesome recreational programs and culture for the adolescents is also essential to prevent them from being involved in substance abuse.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.881-887
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• 2004

Elevated plasma homocysteine is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Exercise is generally believed to reduce the plasma homocysteine levels and therefore, being beneficial for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is a possibility that athletes undergoing strenuous training and competition which increase oxidative stress may suffer from increased plasma homocysteine levels. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of endurance training on the plasma concentrations of B vitamins and homocysteine in 23 male adolescent field hockey players. Data collection and blood sampling was performed during the training period and non-training period. Following the training period, significant changes in energy and vitamin B6 intakes were observed in these subjects. Plasma vitamin B2, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) and homocysteine levels were significantly higher during the training period than non-training period, whereas no difference was observed in plasma folate and vitamin B12 levels. Positive correlation was observed between plasma folate and folic acid intakes. When energy, B vitamin intakes were adjusted there was a significant negative correlation between plasma homocysteine levels and plasma riboflavin, folate and vitamin B12 levels. In conclusion, it is suggested that athletes with oxidative stress by strenuous exercise may need B vitamins since riboflavin, folic acid and vitamin Bl2 were shown to be negatively correlated with plasma homocysteine in athletes during the training period.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.133-144
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• 2016

Objectives : This study sought to identify the predisposing factors which influence the adolescent oral health enhancement behavior by analyzing controlling effects depending on the parents' oral health care behaviors in the relationship between the predisposing factors and adolescent behavior improvements which enhance oral health. Methods : A structured, self-administered questionnaire was given from July 6 through July 24, 2016. The collected data were analyzed with the SPSS 18.0 program. Results : Parents' oral health behaviors in terms of discipline and guidance showed a controlling effect in terms of importance (${\beta}$=.116) and benefits (${\beta}$=.133). In addition, the analysis showed that the parents' oral health care behavior had a controlling effect in terms of benefits (${\beta}$=.164) and susceptibility (${\beta}$=-.116). Conclusions : From the results of this study, the development of materials and education courses to lead to behavior changes are thought to be necessary in order to enhance the importance and benefits of the factors of oral health beliefs and to reduce psychological discomfort. Moreover, the role of parents with regard to desirable habits and beliefs to maintain oral health in their children is essential.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.73-99
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• 2011

As multicultural family gradually increased, our society is changing towards multicultural society. This study tried to identify the factors related with social distance of adolescent of multicultural family. The participants were 568 middle school students living in S city, D and H county in Chungnam province. Data for the study were analyzed by frequency, mean comparison, correlation and regression analysis. The study results were summarized as follows. First, there were significant differences in social distance according to gender, school record, and place of residence. Second, there were significant differences in social distance according to degree of intimacy between general adolescents. Third, as a result of correlation analysis, the lower self-esteem was, the lower value orientation was, the lower cultural diversity was; the higher social distance is. Accordingly, social distance for adolescents had negative correlations with self-esteem, value orientation, and cultural diversity. Fourth, variables affecting social distance were gender, school record, family composition, place of residence, friend from multicultural family, intention to be a friend, experience of overseas travel, self-esteem, value orientation, cultural diversity. Among them, intention to be a friend was a main predictor.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.266-272
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• 2015

Objectives : This study examined the impact of peer's suicide on mental health of middle-school students. The aim of this study was to describe the course of posttraumatic stress and grief reaction, suicide ideation, and depression score among adolescents after exposure to peer's suicide and to examine the relationship between posttraumatic stress and other mental health scores in these subjects. Methods : Thirty seven middle school students who were exposed to the suicidal death of a peer completed self-report measures to assess levels of depression, grief reaction, post-traumatic stress, and suicide ideation at 1 month and 8 months after the peer's suicide. Results : There was no significant change in mental health scores between 1 month and 8 months. Level of posttraumatic stress after 8 months was related to acute grief response. Subjects who experienced a clinically significant level of suicidal ideation and posttraumatic stress showed more mental health problems. Conclusion : The results suggested that peer's suicide strongly impacted mental health issues of adolescents at a critical time of adolescent development. Clinicians should perform a thorough evaluation of mental health problems for youth who experienced peer's suicide and help them in management of their grief reaction.