• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2001

This paper addresses legislation status of air route design standard of Korea. Korea Ministry of Construction and Transportation's Order Number 300 (March 28, 2001) prescribes that firstly, the design of air routes in Korea should be in accord with International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO)'s recommendations published in Annex 11: Air Traffic Service and Procedures for Air Navigation Services: Aircraft Operations (ICAO Doc 8168-OPS, 1986), and secondly, United States Federal Aviation Administration(FAA)'s Terminal Instrument Procedures (FAA, 1976). An investigation on the current air route specifications of Korea reveals that they are in accord with neither ICAO's recommendations nor FAA's standards in that the width of Korea's air routes are narrower that the international recommendations and standards. As a member state of ICAO, it is imperative for Korea to follow the international standards. In that purposes, Korea should legislate and regulate the detail standard for air route design. For the legislation, FAA regulations are to be followed because FAA rules contains more detail specifications while ICAO recommendations includes allows a range of policy decisions, which may result in a confusion in practice.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2015

It is well known that the space radiation dose over the polar route should be carefully considered especially when the space weather shows sudden disturbances such as CME and flares. The National Meteorological Satellite Center (NMSC) and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) recently established a basis for a space radiation service for the public by developing a space radiation prediction model and heliocentric potential (HCP) prediction model. The HCP value is used as a critical input value of the CARI-6 and CARI-6M programs, which estimate the aviation route dose. The CARI-6/6M is the most widely used and confidential program that is officially provided by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The HCP value is given one month late in the FAA official webpage, making it difficult to obtain real-time information on the aviation route dose. In order to overcome this limitation regarding time delay, we developed a HCP prediction model based on the sunspot number variation. In this paper, we focus on the purpose and process of our HCP prediction model development. Finally, we find the highest correlation coefficient of 0.9 between the monthly sunspot number and the HCP value with an eight month time shift.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.308-311
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• 2010

An experiment was conducted using indigenous Kivircik ewes to evaluate the effect of intravaginal progestagen sponges, containing 30 mg of fluorogestone acetate (FGA), followed by administration of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) on inducing synchronized oestrus in the season and fertility. Three times of PMSG administration relative to sponge withdrawal (24 h before (n = 30), at (n = 29) or 24 h after (n= 29)) and two routes of PMSG administration (intramuscular (n = 46) and subcutaneous (n = 42) were compared for estrous response, number of multiple births and fecundity rates. There were no significant differences in terms of estrous response, due to differences in the time and route of PMSG administration. Lambing percentage, proportion of multiple births and fecundity were 75.6, 51.6 and 114.6%, respectively. The administration had a significant effect on lambing (p<0.05), multiple birth and fecundity rates (p<0.01). The subcutaneous administration of PMSG resulted in a significantly higher lambing rate (p<0.05) and fecundity rate (p<0.01), compared to the intramuscular injection of the PMSG.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.270-274
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• 1993

The acute toxicity of a recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (code name: LBD-005) was evaluated in both sexes of ICR mice, 5~6 weeks old, by the oral, subcutaneous and intravenous routes of administration. Based on the results of the acute toxicity study, LBD-005 was not considered to induce any toxic effect on the mice in mortalities, clinical findings, body weights and gross findings. It is suggested that $LD_50$ values in mice would be >48 mg/kg in the oral route and >24 mg/kg in the subcutaneous or intravenous route.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1992

The actue toxicity of a recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (code name: LBD-005) was evaluated in both sexes of Sprague-Dawley rats, 4 weeks old, by the oral, subcutaneous and intravenous routes of administration. LBD-005 in the acute toxicity study in the rats was not considerde to induce any toxicological effect on the rats in mortalities, clinical findings, body weights and gross findings. It is suggested that $LD_{50}$ values in rats would be >48 mg/kg in the oral route and >12 mg/kg in the subcutaneous or intravenous route.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1995년도 제3회 추계심포지움
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• pp.135-136
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• 1995

Resent advances in computer technology have introduced a sophisticated capability for computing the biological fate of toxicants in a biological system. This methodology, which has drastically altered risk assessment skill in toxicology, is designed using all the mechanistic information, and all claim better accuracy with extrapolating capability Iron animal to people than conventional pharmacokinetic methods. Biologically based mathematical models in which the specific mechanistic steps governing tissue disposition(pharmacokinetics) and toxic action (pharmacodynamics) of chemicals are constructed in quantitative terms by a set of equations loading to prediction of the outcome of specific toxicological experiments by computer simulation. pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models are useful in risk assessment because their mechanistic biological basis permits the high-to-low dose, route to route and interspecies extrapolation of the tissue disposition and toxic action of chemicals.

• 한국수의병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수의병리학회 2003년도 추계학술대회초록집
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• pp.6-6
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• 2003

Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative bacterium that cause severe clinical disease including meningoencephalitis, septicaemia, and abortion in pregnant women, newborn infants, the debilitated elderly or immunocompromised people. In preliminary experiments on murine listeriosis we noticed suppurative gastritis in mice infected with L. monocytogenes by the intragastric route. The aims of the present study were ⅰ) to describe the histopathology of the experimentally listeria-induced gastroenteritis ⅱ) to investigate the influence of bacterial strain and laboratory mouse strain on infectivity and on the severity of the infection; [3] to examine possible effects of preliminary intragastric administration of sodium bicarbonate. (omitted)

• 약학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.212-219
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• 1992

Although oral route is the most convenient route for drug administration, the short and variable transit of drug through GI tract restricts the sustained drug absorption after oral administration. Thus, for sustained absorption of drugs, it is desirable to prolong the GI transit time by retaining the dosage forms in the stomach. In this study, the enzyme-digestible swelling hydrogel was synthesized by heating the mixed solution of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone[monomer], acrylated albumin[crosslinking agent] and proxyphylline[drug] at $65^{\circ}C$ for 10 hours in the cylindrical test tube. The resultant hydrogel tablet (diameter; 0.77 cm, thickness; 0.47 cm) was designed to swell in the gastric fluid after oral administration to such a size that passing through the pylorus could be inhibited during the drug release. After releasing drug, the hydrogel was expected to be degraded by pepsin, an enzyme in the stomach, and eventually solubilized. Actually, the hydrogel synthesized in the study swelled to a size larger than the diameter of the pylorus ($1.3{\pm}0.7$ cm) and slowly digested in the presence of pepsin. Drug release from the hydrogel was prolonged up to about 12 hours. The swelling kinetics was dependent on albumin acrylation time, drug content and gel thickness. Particularly the gel thickness was the most important factor that influences on drug release. By adjusting these factors, the albumin-crosslinked hydrogel was expected to be retained in the stomach for up to 60 hours and used as a potential platform of drugs for long-term GI absorption.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2015

빅데이터의 가치가 중요하게 인식되면서 정부를 비롯한 공공기관, 민간기업 등이 빅데이터에 관심을 가지기 시작하였다. 과거와는 다르게 다양한 데이터의 원천이 있고, 이러한 데이터의 융합을 기반으로 한 다양한 기획 및 분석기법이 등장하게 되면서, 빅데이터는 새로운 고급 정보의 창출 및 의사결정 고도화 기반으로 자리매김할 것이 확실하다. 본 연구는 다양한 대책에도 불구하고 개선되지 않는 지하철 혼잡도 문제에 대한 대안을 모색하는 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 서울시의 공공데이터를 활용하여 서울시 지하철의 혼잡도를 개선할 수 있는 방안에 대해 탐색적 접근을 시도하였다. 연구는 서울시 공공데이터 분석을 오픈 소스 R을 통해 이루어졌다. 분석 결과 혼잡도가 높은 지하철 역을 중심으로 운행하는 버스 노선을 신설하는 정책 대안을 도출하게 되었다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.69-72
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• 2002

PGF$_2$$\alpha$의 투여부위가 젖소의 발정동기화율 및 그에 따른 수태율에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 하와이주의 대규모 농장에서 사육중인 미경산 젖소에 대하여 25mg Dinoprost trometamine을 투여한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 둔부(근육주사)-둔부(근육주사) 처리에 있어서 첫 번째 처리된 35두 중 18두 (51.4%)가 발정이 발현되었고 그중 9두가 수태되어 60.0%의 수태율을 나타내었다. 첫 번째 처리후 발정을 나타내지 않은 개체들에 대하여 10일후에 다시 둔부에 PGF$_2$$\alpha$를 처리한 결과 14두중 8두(57.1%)가 발정이 유기 되었고 그중 4두가 수태 되어 50.0%의 수태율을 나타내었다. 2. 둔부(근육주사)-어깨부위(피하주사) 처리에 있어서 첫 번째 처리된 39두중 19두 (48.7%)가 발정이 발현되었고 그중 12두가 수태되어 70.6%의 수태율을 나타내었다. 첫 번째 처리후 발정을 나타내지 않은 개체들에 대하여 10일후에 에께부위에 PGF$_2$$\alpha$를 처리한 결과 20두중 12두(60.0%)가 발정이 유기 되 었고 그중 3두가 수태되어 25.0%의 수태율을 나타내었다. 3. 둔부 처리의 경우 점액이 유출된 27두중 18두(66.7%)가 수태로 이어졌고 점액이 유출되지 않은 13두중 5두에서 수태로 이어졌다 어깨처리의 경우에는 점액이 유출된 2두중 1두(50.0%)가 수태로 이어졌고 점액이 유출되지 않은 10두중 1두(10.0%)만이 수태로 이어졌다.