• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.360-366
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• 2014

Kimchi is a Korean traditional fermented food with various health functionalities. However, the protective effects of kimchi against Alzheimer's disease (AD) have not been studied yet. In this study, the protective activities of kimchi extract against oxidative stress and AD were investigated in an amyloid beta ($A{\beta}$)-induced AD model using ICR mice. Kimchi extract exerted strong scavenging activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radical. In addition, T-maze, object cognition, and water maze tests were carried out using the AD model. The $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-injected groups showed impairment of cognition and memory. However, the abilities of novel object recognition and new route awareness were improved by administration of kimchi extract (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. Furthermore, the results on water maze test indicated that kimchi extract exerted protective activity against cognitive impairment induced by $A{\beta}_{25-35}$. The present study suggested that kimchi protected against $A{\beta}$-induced impairment of memory and cognition as well as attenuated oxidative stress.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 2009

Tenacibaculum maritimum (formerly Flexibacter maritimus) is the aetiological agent of an ulcerative and necrotic disease commonly called tenacibaculosis in marine fish. Tenacibaculosis is an economically important disease in a great variety species in Jeju Island cultured fish and leading to this pathogen initially affected by skin, mouth, fins, tail causing severe necrotic and ulcerative lesions on the body surface. In the present study, A-7 strain was isolated from Paralichthys olivaceus showing symptoms of tenacibaculosis and identified as T. maritimum by morphological, biochemical and molecular biological analysis. T. maritimum A-7 is experimentally infected through immersion route in Paralichthys olivaceus which the disease outbreaks in land-based fish tanks of Jeju Island. Up to data a number of treatments proposed for the tenacibaculosis outbreaks are based on the immersion administration of drugs in tank. Oxytetracycline is the most widely used disinfectants in fish farms. However, most of fish farms manager and consumers have expressed concern as bioaccumulation in tissue and its environmental. In addition, this antimicrobial compounds is expensive in fish farmers. The overcome of this problem is desired the application of natural plant derived products. To obtain as 70% EtOH extract antimicrobial compounds against tenacibaculosis from 35 species of Jeju Island native plants were screened for antimicrobial activity against T. maritimum. In the present study were identified most of the plant extracts were better antimicrobial activity against T. maritimum.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.213-219
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• 1993

The use of buprenorphine by epidural route in the prevention of postoperative pain has been controversial. High lipid solubility of buprenorphine caused the same parenteral/epidural analgesic dose ratio, and the analgesic effect of epidural buprenorphine possibly due to systemic absorption, which revealed no advantages of epidural administration against parenteral injection. On the contrary, epidural buprenorphine had longer duration of action and fewer side effects than parenteral buprenorphine, which advocated the epidural use of buprenorphine. We studied the efficacy of epidural buprenorphine by comparing epidural buprenorphine with epidural morphine in terms of latency and the duration of analgesic action, and the incidence of side effects. 0.15mg and 0.3mg of epidural buprenorphine had shorter latency than 2mg of morphine. 0.3 mg of buprenorphine had longer duration of action than 4 mg of morphine. The incidence of nausea and vomiting were slightely higher in buprenorphine group than in morphine group. Voiding difficulty and pruritus were little in buprenorphine group, while the incidence of somnolence was markedly higher in buprenorphine group. Form our results we conclude that epidural buprenorphine may be useful in the treatment of postoperative pain, and but recognize both advantages and disadvantages as compared epidural morphine.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.3 s.19
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• pp.139-145
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• 2005

Gastric cancer is the most prevalent cancer in Korea and comprises the second cause of cancer death. Surgery only can provide chance of cure, but most locally advanced cancers recur after a curative resection, even though important advances in the surgical and nonsurgical treatments of gastric cancer have taken place. Preoperative chemotherapy theoretically can provide the advantages of reducing the bulk of tumor, which might improve the R0 resection rate, and of treating micrometastases early. Also, preoperative chemotherapy is expected to render unresectable tumors resectable without increasing postoperative morbidity and mortality. There are many new chemo-therapeutic agents available for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer, but still the most effective agent, the optimal time and number of cycle for administration are still not known. The addition of postoperative chemotherapy through an intraperitoneal route and/or radiotherapy might affect the outcome of surgery favorably, but that hasn't been proved yet. A multicenter prospective randomized phase III trial should be peformed to answer for those questions and to improve the curability of gastric cancer treatment.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Despite the legal and institutional measures that have been enacted for the safety management of school facilities, the number of school accidents has continued to rise, particularly in regards to the number of accidents related to schools. However, school facilities have had a difficult time creating safe school environments for the school administration and local governments. This is due to the fact that the Office of Education and the Ministry of Education, not the school or educational offices, have insufficient institutional devices such as standards and systems for the promotion of safe school environments. This study attempted to confirm the direction of the improvement of the safety of school facilities. To this end, four safety assessment topics (separation of pedestrians, pedestrian path management, pedestrian visibility, and surrounding risk factors) were derived based on the surveyed data for the safety of the external environment of domestic and international school facilities. 179 school facilities nationwide (kindergartens, elementary schools, middle schools, high schools, and special schools) were analyzed for current cases of accidents that occurred mainly on school roads. Roughly 50% of the analyzed evaluation scores showed that it is necessary to improve the external environment of school facilities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.218-225
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• 2017

To investigate the anti-hangover effects of Cudrania tricuspidata root extract (CTE), the blood alcohol metabolism and blood gas imbalance of CTE in rats treated with 10 ml/kg alcohol were examined. CTE (500 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg) was administrated after 30 minutes of alcohol consumption (10 ml/kg). Blood collection was implemented from the tails of the animals after 1, 3, and 5 hours post alcohol consumption. The Condition drink (a commercial anti-hangover beverage) was used as a positive control. Single administration by the oral route was performed. The consumption of CTE (500 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg) decreased the serum alcohol concentration by increasing and maintaining both the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme activity levels in the blood and liver. In addition, CTE led to recovery from the imbalances in the blood gas levels, including carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and changes in pH, bicarbonate ($HCO_3{^-}$) and lactic acid levels due to alcohol ingestion. In conclusion, CTE exerted a more pronounced anti-hangover effect than a commercial anti-hangover drink. Therefore, CTE can be a novel and safe anti-hangover natural product agent for the prevention or treatment of symptoms caused by excessive alcohol consumption.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.525-530
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• 2009

Purpose: The hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are widely used in the treatment of dyslipidemia for the lowering of cholesterol. And studies about simvastatins have been shown to enhance bone formation in vitro and in vivo in rodents. But some other researchers have reported that there was no anabolic effect abouts simvastatins on bone. The peripheral distribution beyond the liver represents a small fraction of an orally administered dose. We hypothesize that this poor peripheral distribution is the likely reason that simvastatins, yield ambiguous results as anabolic agents. We therefore investigated whether the effects of simvastatins on bone may be enhanced by subcutaneous administration, providing better peripheral delivery of these drugs. Methods: 36 rat unilaterally mandible fractured models were prepared and divided into two groups. The simvastatin treated group where 1 mg/kg of simvastatin was daily injected subcutaneously. The same dose of normal saline was injected on the control group. And 3 rats in each group were sacrificed and taken bone samples in each week. Bone sample was evaluated with tensile strength and histological morphology after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks. Results: In simvastatin treated group, the fracture healing process, chondrocyte aggregation, collagen formation and trabecular bone formation was rapidly proceeded than the control group in histologically. The tensile strength of the simvastatin treated group was 1.02, 2.25, 3.95, 4.42, 5.49 and $6.00N/mm^2$ by weeks. The control group data was 0.60, 1.05, 2.17, 3.75, 4.15 and $5.17N/mm^2$ by weeks. The average tensile strength was higher by $1.04N/mm^2$ in simvastatin treated group. Conclusion: The currently available data on the effects of simvastatin on bone has done to confirm the finding that simvastatin helps fracture healing. And the potential for simvastatin to be used as anabolic agents for bone when delivered by the subcutaneous route.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.126-136
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop a severity-adjustment model for predicting mortality in acute stroke patients using machine learning. Using the Korean National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey from 2006 to 2015, the study population with disease code I60-I63 (KCD 7) were extracted for further analysis. Three tools were used for the severity-adjustment of comorbidity: the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), the Elixhauser comorbidity index (ECI), and the Clinical Classification Software (CCS). The severity-adjustment models for mortality prediction in patients with acute stroke were developed using logistic regression, decision tree, neural network, and support vector machine methods. The most common comorbid disease in stroke patients were hypertension, uncomplicated (43.8%) in the ECI, and essential hypertension (43.9%) in the CCS. Among the CCI, ECI, and CCS, CCS had the highest AUC value. CCS was confirmed as the best severity correction tool. In addition, the AUC values for variables of CCS including main diagnosis, gender, age, hospitalization route, and existence of surgery were 0.808 for the logistic regression analysis, 0.785 for the decision tree, 0.809 for the neural network and 0.830 for the support vector machine. Therefore, the best predictive power was achieved by the support vector machine technique. The results of this study can be used in the establishment of health policy in the future.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 2021

Purpose: To reduce the damage caused by continuously occurring typhoons, we proposed a standardized grid so that it could be actively utilized in the prevention and preparation stage of typhoon response. We established grid-based convergence information on the typhoon risk area so that we showed the effectiveness of information used in disaster response. Method: To generate convergent information on typhoon hazard areas that can be useful in responding to typhoon situation, we used various types of data such as vector and raster to establish typhoon hazard area small grid-based information. A standardized grid model was applied for compatibility with already produced information and for compatibility of grid information generated by each local government. Result: By applying the grid system of National branch license plates, a grid of typhoon risk areas in Seoul was constructed that can be usefully used when responding to typhoon situations. The grid system of National branch license plates defines the grid size of a multi-dimensional hierarchical structure. And a grid of typhoon risk areas in Seoul was constructed using grids of 100m and 1,000m. Conclusion: Using real-time 5km resolution grid based weather information provided by Korea Meteorological Administration, in the future, it is possible to derive near-future typhoon hazard areas according to typhoon travel route prediction. In addition, the national branch number grid system can be expanded to global grid systems for global response to various disasters.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 1999

Background: Interleukin-12 (IL-12) can induce antitumor effects in vivo. This antitumor effect is associated with T cell infiltration but the effect of IL-12 on the steps of T cell migration into the tumor tissue has not been fully elucidated. This study focused on the effect of IL-12 on the tumor growth and the metastasis and on the expression of E-selectin, an adhesion molecule which is activated endothelial specific in its expression. In addition, we studied whether the expression of E-selectin is associated with the TNF-$\alpha$, a cytokine that its production is increased by IL-12 and has functions inducing a variety of adhesion molecules. Methods: Mice of C57BL/6 strain were injected with Lewis lung cancer cells followed by either IL-12, TNF-$\alpha$, or normal saline by intraperitoneal route. Twenty eight days after tumor cell inoculation, metastatic nodules of lung were enumerated and immunohistochemical staining of the subcutaneous tumors were performed with monoclonal antibodies to CD4, CD8, CD16, and E-selectin. In IL-12 treated mice, the subcutaneously implanted Lewis lung tumors were decreased in size and the metastases were also decreased in number compared to control mice. On tumor tissues, increased infiltration of CD4+, CD8+, and CD16+ cells were oberved in IL-12 treated mice compared to control mice. In control mice, E-selectin was absent on tumor vessels, but the expression of E-selectin was increased on tumor vessels of IL-12 treated mice. Administration of TNF-$\alpha$ increased not only the expression of E-selectin but also infiltrations of CD4+, CD8+, and CD16+ cells on tumor tissues. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that IL-12 inhibits tumor growth and metastases through infiltrations of inflammatory cells in mouse model of Lewis lung carcinoma and E-selectin may playa role in inflammatory cell recruitment on tumor tissue following IL-12 administration. Also, TNF-$\alpha$ may have a role as a mediator responsible for the IL-12 induced expression of E-selectin.