• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.232-238
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• 2024

본 연구는 현재 감천항에 입항하는 선박교통 특성을 반영하여 감천항 도등의 효용성을 검토하였다. 감천항 도등은 1996년 4,000TEU 컨테이너선 출입항을 위해 감천항 항로표지 보완 기본설계과정에서 제안되어 설치되었다. 이후 부산지방해양수산청의 감천항 정온도 향상을 위한 기존 외곽 시설 재배치 검토 연구를 통해 50,000DWT급 일반 화물선 입항 대응 및 한진 부두의 크레인 높이를 반영한 도등으로 개선되었다. 그러나 현재 감천항의 해상교통 특성을 보면 해상교통 혼잡도도 원활하고 대형선박 보다는 10,000톤 이하의 중소형 선박 비중이 높아 대형선박 입항을 대응하기 위해 개선된 도등의 효율성은 감소되었다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 입항선박의 규모에 따른 변화 추이를 보면 30,000톤 이상선박의 입항비율의 연평균증가율(CAGR)이 8.45%로 증가되고 있어 향후 대형선박의 입항비중 증가에 대한 대비를 위해서는 감천항 도등을 필수 등화로 유지하는 것이 필요하다. 따라서 도등을 철거할 경우 감천항 항로의 협소한 공간 특성상 입출항 선박이 조우하는 경우에는 충돌의 위험이 증가하여 항해자에게 큰 부담이 될 수 있기 때문에 도등의 기능은 유지하는 대신 전도등을 이전설치 하여 유지보수에 대한 부담을 경감시키는 방법과 도등의 기능 대신 지향등을 설치하는 방법을 고려해 볼 수 있다. 지향등 설치 시 인근 부산북항에 설치된 Single Sector Lights가 명확한 중시선을 제공하지 못하여 지점에 따라 명확한 구분이 어려움에 따라 이용자 만족도가 떨어지는 부분을 개선할 수 있는 Double Sector Lights를 설치를 고려해볼 수 있다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study is to find out the possibility of application to herbal medicine's report form for adverse drug reaction (ADR) by reviewing and analyzing Asian countries's ADR report forms. Method : We investigated, compared, and analyzed ADR report forms (ADR-RF) of Asian countries's ADR institutions (ACAI), such as, Korea institute of drug safety & risk management and Dongguk university Ilsan oriental hospital (DUIOH) in Korea, national center for ADR monintoring (NCAM) in China, pharmaceuticals and medical devices agency (PMDA) in Japan, Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) in Taiwan, and drug office, department of health, the government of the Hong Kong special administrative region (GHKSAR) in Hong Kong. Results : ADR-RF for ACAI included common contents, such as, patients information (name(initial), gender, age, weight), adverse event (AE)'s report information (Recognition and report for AE occurrence, first or follow up report, Severe AE), the detailed information of AE (the title of AE, onset & closing date of AE symptoms, the progress & results detailed test of AE), the information of AE's medicine (the types of medicine, product name, ingredient name, suspected or combination drug, single dose & frequency, dosage form, administration route, dealing for AE-suspected medicine), and AE reporter's information (reporter's information, institution's information). Taiwan had ADR-RF and the department exclusively for herbal medicine (HM), but others (except DUIOH) had not only no ADR report form but also contents for HM. Conclusion : ADR-RF for HM have to include the common contents of ACAI at least, as well as HM information related to ADR, such as the title, composition and types of HM, history related to HM's ADR, and the contents of drug-induced liver injury and so on. In addition, the main department of government for HM's ADR will be needed.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.221-226
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• 1993

To study effective dossage and administration route for scaling, ketamine HCl/propionyl promazine HCl(ketamine) combination and tiletamine HCl/zolazepam HCl(zoletil) were administered in one hundred six dogs. The dogs were toy poodle, Yorkshire Terrier, Pekingese and Chihuahua. Scaling and polishing time, possible treatment time after the first injection of anesthetics, the number of anethesia added, presence of tongue movement during anesthesia, the presence of swaying sign during recovery and respiration were evaluated. The possible treatment time after the first Injection of anesthetic in toy poodle were 26.3${\pm}$3.0 minutes with intravenous(IM) treatment of ketamine 10mg/kg, and 21.4${\pm}$6.6 minutes with intramuscula(IM) treatment of zoletil 8mg/kg, In Yorkshire Terrier were 19.51: 1.7 minutes with IV treatment of ketamine 10mg/kg. 19.0${\pm}$5.2 minutes IM and 20.8${\pm}$6.1 minutes with IM treatment of zoletil 5mg/kg,24.8${\pm}$3,5 minutes with IM treatment of zoletil 8mg/kg. In pekingese were 27.5${\pm}$2.1 minutes with IM treatment of ketamine 10mg/kg,28.0${\pm}$4.2 minutes with IM treatment of zoletil 8mg/kg. In Chihuahua were 19.5${\pm}$1.9 minutes with IV treatment of ketamine 7mg/kg, 17.5${\pm}$1.7 minutes with IM treatment of ketamine 10mg/kg and 20.3${\pm}$3.8 minutes with IM treatment of zoletil 5mg/kg, 21.2${\pm}$5.5 minutes with IM treatment of zoletil 8mg/kg. Swaying sign was observed in all group during recovery time, espically, in toy poodle and Yorkshire Terrier which administered zoletil 8mg/kg IM showed more severe swaying sign. The present results suggested that injection of zoletil 8mg/kg IM might be relatively effective for scaling in Chihuahua Within 20 minutes treatment for scaling in Yorkshire Terrier and Chihuahua, IM treatment of ketamine 7 to 10mg/kg is recommended.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.533-546
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• 2008

The efficacy of bovine immune sera to correct the calves with failure of passive transfer(FPT) was evaluated. Immune sera were produced from 14 one-year-old Holstein cattle which were inoculated commercial combined viral vaccine, administered by the challenge of some main enteric or respiratory viruses, aseptically filtered and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ before used. After the treatment of bovine immune sera, Mean transfer factor($mg/d{\ell}$, of IgG administered/kg of body weight) was $5.46{\pm}2.74,\;11.17{\pm}1.27,\;1.40{\pm}0.21$ in K-IP, H-IP and K-IV group, respectively. The corrective effect of bovine immune sera to FPT calf without any clinical signs showed that intravenous route was more effective than intraperitoneal administration(P<0.01). FPT calves with severe signs were not effective response to the immunotherapy used and consequently died within 10 days after the treatment. Ten percentage of controls appeared the clinical signs including diarrhea. On the contrary, there were not any clinical signs in K-IP and H-IV group. There was significant increase of the neutralizing titer against bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine coronavirus as well as of cell population including CD2, CD4, and monocyte in K-IP and H-IV group after the immunotherapy(P<0.05). Also, K-IP and H-IV group showed the successful correction to FPT within one week after the immunotherapy, but controls had kept the FPT two-four weeks even after the same treatment. Consequently, the results were suggesting that the bovine immune sera could be used the corrective tool to young calves with FPT.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.674-679
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• 2002

The toxicity and bioaccumulation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) continues to be a focus of research in human and various species. The main human exposure is via the dietary route. This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of Cornu Cervi Parvum extract on clinical parameters and hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rat (SD rat) accutely exposured to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Male SD rats received single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of TCDD (40 ㎍/kg), and administered 10 or 20 mg/kg/day of the ethanol extract oral injection for 4 weeks from 1 week before TCDD treatment. The gain in body weight was less in group treated with TCDD than in CON group, while that of C/H+ TCDD group (Cornu Cervi Parvum extract 20 mg/kg/day) increased. The decrease in spleen and testis weight caused by TCDD was prevented by Cornu Cervi Parvum extract 20 mg/kg/day. The fluctuation in BUN content, WBC and platelet count by TCDD intoxication were significantly attenuated by the ethanol extract treatment (20 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks). Treatments of rats with the extract (10 or 20 mg/kg/day) were significantly reduced AST and ALT levels compared with TCDD-treated group. Moderate swelling of hepatocytes, hyperchromatism, acidophilic cytoplasm and cytoplasmic vacuolation were observed in TCDD-treated animals (TCDD group). The administration of EtOH extract 10 or 20 mg/kg along with TCDD significantly alleviated the liver histopathological alteration induced by TCDD. These results suggest that Cornu Cervi Parvum extract can be useful as a protective agent against TCDD, an endocrine disruptor.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.218-225
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• 2007

현재 홈 네트워크, 센서 네트워크, 유비쿼터스 네트워크 등에 대한 활발한 연구가 진행되면서 무선 이동 애드-혹 네트워크에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 무선 이동 애드-혹 네트워크란 기존의 유선하부구조의 도움 없이 이동 호스트들만으로 구성되는 임시적인 네트워크로, 언제 어디서나 컴퓨팅 환경을 이용할 수 있도록 하는 개념의 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 환경에 적합한 네트워크이다. 본 논문에서는 다중 경로의 수를 제한하는 소스 라우팅 프로토콜을 기반으로 무선 이동 애드-혹 네트워크의 확장 기법을 제안한다. 이 기법은 무선 이동 애드-혹 네트워크 내의 이동 호스트들 간 또는 무선 이동 애드-혹 네트워크 내의 이동 호스트와 유선 네트워크 서비스를 지원하는 기지국 간에 링크 및 중간 호스트의 중복을 허용하는 다중 경로를 유지함으로써 경로 재설정 및 재등록으로 인한 오버헤드를 줄이는 기법이다. 이와 같이 다중 경로를 유지함으로써 출발지와 목적지간 데이타 패킷 전송 지연 및 패킷 손실을 줄일 수 있으며, 따라서 보다 신뢰적인 방법으로 무선 이동 애드-혹 네트워크를 유선 네트워크로 확장시킬 수 있다. 성능 평가를 통해, 본 논문에서 제안하는 기법이 단일 경로를 사용하는 일반적인 확장 기법들보다 이동 속도 증가에 따른 처리량 및 단대단 지연이 보다 안정적이며, 노드/링크가 전혀 중복되지 않는 다중 경로를 사용하는 기법에 비해 낮은 오버헤드를 가짐을 보인다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.245-265
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to promote the effectiveness in managing disease or injury, by examining the length of stay in hospital according to characteristics concerned before and after operation, and by serving as a basis for reducing that length. As a result of investigating the length of stay in hospital according to inpatient's personal characteristics, clinical features and other characteristics concerned, the following characteristics appeared significant. The characteristics that showed a significant difference about the length of stay in hospital before and after operation were the age and the fact whether one was married or not among inpatient's personal characteristics. The significant ones among clinical features were the route to be taken to hospital, the form of insurance, the experience of re-hospitalization, whether another disease coexisted, the experiment of changing department, whether a diagnosis was determined by consultation, whether an intensive care unit was used, whether re-operation was performed, the total number of case of the experience of re-hospitalization, inpatient who were again sent to hospital under the same diagnosis was not included in the investigation, which was pointed out as a limit in this study. The significant ones among other characteristics concerned were the date and season when the patients were taken to hospital and the doctor in attendance. The doctor in attendance appeared to give a significant impact on the length of stay in hospital before operation, but no significant difference was noted in the mean among the doctors in attendance. And those characteristics were not found regularly among the selected departments. As stated above, one way to reduce the length of stay In hospital was to diminish the length of stay in hospital before operation. The term of hospitalization before operation shall be reduced by grasping the factors that affected that length before operation and by conducting examination as many as possible in the out-patient department. Also, the efforts should be put on that length after operation. The management of hospital seemed to be successfully carried out if those factors affected that length were effectively controlled.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제12C권7호
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• pp.1031-1038
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• 2005

현재 홈 네트워크, 센서 네트워크, 유비쿼터스 네트워크 등에 대한 활발한 연구가 진행되면서 무선 이동 애드-흑 네트워크에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 무선 이동 애드-혹 네트워크란 기존의 유선 하부구조의 도움 없이 이동 호스트들만으로 구성되는 임시적인 네트워크로, 언제어디서나 컴퓨팅 환경을 이용할 수 있도록 하는 개념의 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 환경에 적합한 네트워크이다. 본 논문에서는 다중 소스 라우팅 프로토콜 기반의 무선 이동 애드-혹 네트워크 환경과 Mobile-IP 기반의 네트워크 환경을 연동하는 기법에 대해 제안하고자 한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 기법은 무선 이동 애드-혹 네트워크 내의 이동 호스트와 기지국간 다중 경로를 유지함으로써 경로 단절시 경로 재설정 및 재등록으로 인한 오버헤드를 줄이며 무선 이동 애드-혹 네트워크 내의 패킷을 Mobile-IP 패킷으로 변환하는 기능을 기지국에서 수행하도록 함으로써 이동호스트들의 오버헤드를 감소시키는 기법이다. 성능 평가를 통해, 본 논문에서 제안하는 기법이 단일 경로를 사용하는 일반적인 연동 기법들보다 이동 속도 증가에 따른 처리량 및 단대단 지연이 보다 안정적이며, 노드/링크가 전혀 중복되지 않는 다중 경로를 사용하는 기법에 비해 낮은 오버헤드를 가짐을 보인다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.412-420
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• 2004

최근 의식하 진정요법에 많이 이용되고 있는 Midazolam의 임상적 효과로는 항불안, 진정, 수면, 항경련, 근이완, 기억상실 등이 있는데, 이중 기억상실효과는 주로 선행성 건망증(anterograde amnesia)으로 약물투여 후 약물의 작용이 지속되는 동안에 경험한 일들을 기억하지 못하는 현상이다. 이는 시술 중환자의 협조를 얻을 수 있으면서도 시술 후 환자는 시술중의 불편한 과정을 기억하지 못하는 효과를 얻을 수 있다는 임상적 장점이 있다. 본 연구는 Midazolam 투여 시 선행성 건망증의 발현 양상을 평가할 목적으로 약물에 대한 기왕력이 없으며 미국 마취학회 전신상태 평가기준에 따라 1등급으로 판정된 조선대학교 치과대학에 재학중인 학생 15명을 대상으로 위약, 경구용 Midazolam투여 주사용 Midazolam의 비강내 투여 후 Snograss와 Vanderwart에 의해 표준화된 260개 그림 시리즈를 이용하여 선행성 건망증의 발현정도를 평가한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Midazolam의 경구투여와 비강내 투여 시 선행성 건망증의 정도가 위약에 비해 유의하게 높았다(P<0.01). 2. Midazolam의 비강내 투여시 선행성 건망증의 정도가 경구투여보다 높았으나 유의한 차이는 없었다(P>0.01). 3. Midazolam의 경구투여와 비강내 투여 모두 약물투여 15분 후부터 선행성 건망증을 보이기 시작하여 경구투여시는 45분, 비강내 투여시는 30분에 가장 높은 효과를 보였다. 4. 약물투여 30분이 지나면서 비강내 투여보다 경구투여에서 선행성 건망증의 정도와 진정정도가 더 높았으나 유의한 차이는 없었다(P>0.01). 본 결과로 미루어 보아Midazolam을 투여한 후 선행성 건망증은 경구투여와 비강내 투여 모두 약물투여 15분 후부터 나타났으며 30분전까지는 비강내 투여에서, 30분이 지나면 경구투여에서 더 높은 효과를 보이는 경향이 관찰된 바, 치과치료 시 Midazolam의 경구투여와 비강내 투여를 이용한 의식진정요법을 시행함에 있어 국소마취 등의 고통스러운 과정은 최소 약물투여 15분 후 시행하는 것이 향후 치과진료에 대한 환자의 긍정적 자세를 유도하는데 도움이 되리라 사료된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.411-418
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate the amino acid and protein concentrations in amniotic fluid and the potency of the teratogenic effect of ethylenethiourea(2-imidazolidinethione, ETU) in the fetuses due to different dose amounts of this compound. The S.P.F. Sprague-Dawley female rats(10 weeks) were used in this study and these animals were divided into four groups; control group(25pregnant female rats), group I (dosed ETU from day 7 to day 17 of gestation at 10mg/kg/day), group II (dosed ETU from day 7 to day 17 of gestation at 30mg/kg/day), group III (dosed ETU from day 7 to day 17 of gestation at 50mg/kg/ day). 250mg/100mg ETU in group I, 750mg/100ml ETU in group II and 1,250mg/100ml ETU in group III were administered 4ml/kg 13.W by oral route. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The anomalies of the external examination werf meningocele in the head, kinky tail, clubfoot and sharp tail.(Meningocele, in group III, significantly increased from control value at p<0.001). 2. The skeletal variations and delayed ossification were Lumbar ribs, asymmetric sternebrae, asymmetric 13th rib and delayed ossification of skull. Asymmetric sternebrae(group III ) was significantly increased from control value at p<0.05 and delayed ossification of skull (group II and III ) were significantly increased from control value at p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively. 3. The internal soft tissue anomalies were hydroencephaly of 3th lateral ventricle, dilatation of ureter, dilatation of renal pelvis and cleft palate. (Hydroencephaly, 28.1% in group I, 88.3% in group II and 100% in group III ). 4. Protein values in amniotic fluids are not significantly decreased in 10mg/kg group but significantly(p<0.05) decreased in 30mg/kg group and 50mg/kg group from control group. 5. In the levels of amino acid in amniotic fluids, the levels of glntamic acid, iso-lencine, leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine of 10mg/kg group are significantly decreased from control group. In 50mg/kg group, except for glycine, valine and methionine, all amino acid levels are significantly(p<0.05) decreased from control group.