• Title/Summary/Keyword: Administration, inhalation

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산화네오디뮴(Nd2O3) 기도투여에 따른 흡입독성 (Pulmonary Toxicity in Rats by Intratracheal Instillation with the Rare-Earth Metal Neodymium Oxide)

  • 김종규;강민구;김수진;송세욱
    • 한국산업보건학회지
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    • 제24권3호
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    • pp.321-329
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    • 2014
  • Objectives: This study was performed to produce data on the pulmonary toxicity of neodymium oxide($Nd_2O_3$) by intratracheal instillation. Methods: Two groups of rats were exposed to neodymium oxide by intratracheal instillation with doses of 0.5 mg and 2.0 mg, respectively. At two days, four weeks and 12 weeks after exposure, body weight change, organ weight change and histopathological change were observed. At 12 weeks after exposure, lung function change was measured. Results: The body weight of rats in the high concentration group decreased after 12 weeks by 4-5% compared with the control group. At four weeks and 12 weeks after the administration of neodymium oxide, the absolute weight of the lungs of the high concentration group were significantly increased when compared with the control group(p<0.05). At 12 weeks after the injection of neodymium oxide, breath frequency and respiratory minute volume were increased, but inhalation time and expiratory time were decreased. Bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia, alveolar type II cell hypertrophy/hyperplasia and foreign body granulomatous inflammation were observed in the high exposure group. Conclusions: Body weight decrease, lung absolute weight and breath frequency increase, and pathological lung change were all observed. We found that pulmonary toxicity of neodymium oxide nanoparticles by intratracheal instillation could be confirmed.

약물을 이용한 의식진정시 발생한 부작용에 대한 치험례 (CLINICAL STUDY ON THE SIDE EFFECTS OF THE CONSCIOUS SEDATION)

  • 김현식;한국재;이창섭;이상호
    • 대한소아치과학회지
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.823-829
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    • 1997
  • The patients visiting pediatric dental office have been being younger than the previous, and they were often combined with systemic disease. But, we aren't able to perform the verbal communication, because of their impediment and youthfullness. And, we can't carry out the behavior control via physical restraint, as the developed social structure and the attitude of children and their parents. So, the importance and concerning of conscious sedation using sedative medicine are increased by time and time. Among the various conscious sedation, Chloral Hydrate and Nitrous Oxide inhalation are most popularly used, and barbiturates, benzodiazepine, opioids and hydroxyzine are used often. But, these medications have some side-effects and adverse reactions, may be failed to sedate the children. And limited use of medically compromised patients, especially for ASA class III, IV or more dangerous patients. We, the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chosun University have met some dangerous situation due to unfavorable pharmacogenic reactions, but we can control the situation and get well healed results. The below results are common situations and their solutions during conscious sedation. 1. By the intravenous administration, thrombophlebitis is the most common side-effects, but it may be healed with time without any special treatment. 2. Under the definitive guidelines about conscious-sedation, we can perform a safe conscious sedation for ASA class III patients. 3. When adversed reaction of Benzodiazepine is occured, it could be cared effectively with benzodiazepine antagonist, named Flumazenil.

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A successful management after preterm delivery in a patient with severe sepsis during third-trimester pregnancy

  • Ra, Moni;Kim, Myungkyu;Kim, Mincheol;Shim, Sangwoo;Hong, Seong Yeon
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • 제35권1호
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    • pp.84-88
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    • 2018
  • A 33-year-old woman visited the emergency department presenting with fever and dyspnea. She was pregnant with gestational age of 31 weeks and 6 days. She had dysuria for 7 days, and fever and dyspnea for 1 day. The vital signs were as follows: blood pressure 110/70 mmHg, heart rate 118 beats/minute, respiratory rate 28/minute, body temperature $38.7^{\circ}C$, and oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry 84% during inhalation of 5 liters of oxygen by nasal prongs. Crackles were heard over both lung fields. There were no signs of uterine contractions. Chest X-ray and chest computed tomography scan showed multiple consolidations and air bronchograms in both lungs. According to urinalysis, there was pyuria and microscopic hematuria. She was diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia and urinary tract infection (UTI) that progressed to severe sepsis and acute respiratory failure. We found extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in the blood culture and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the sputum culture. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit with administration of antibiotics and supplementation of high-flow oxygen. On hospital day 2, hypoxemia was aggravated. She underwent endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. After 3 hours, fetal distress was suspected. Under 100% fraction of inspired oxygen, her oxygen partial pressure was 87 mmHg in the arterial blood. She developed acute kidney injury and thrombocytopenia. We diagnosed her with multi-organ failure due to severe sepsis. After an emergent cesarean section, pneumonia, UTI, and other organ failures gradually recovered. The patient and baby were discharged soon thereafter.

난알부민 유도 알레르기 면역반응에 대한 길경(桔梗)에탄올추출물의 효능 연구 (Effects of Platycodi Radix ethanol extract on ovalbumin-induced allergic responses in mice)

  • 정진기;강석용;김진웅;이상국;박용기
    • 대한본초학회지
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    • 제27권6호
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    • pp.123-129
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    • 2012
  • Objectives : Allergy has been described as an inflammatory with hypersensitivity resulting from seasonal or perennial responses to specific allergens. The root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC.(Platycodi Radix; Campanulaceae) has been traditionally used to treat chronic diseases such as bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, inflammation and hyperlipidemia. In this study, we examined the effect of 70% ethanol extract of Platycodi Radix (PR-E) on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation in mice. Methods : Mice were sensitized and challenged by OVA inhalation to induced chronic airway inflammation, and then were intragastrically administered PR-E extract at doses of 50 and 200 mg/kg/day from days 21 to 30 consecutively. The levels of allergic mediators such as histamine, OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E, and cytokines such as IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}$ were measured in the sera of mice by ELISA. The histological change of lung tissue was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results : PR-E extract significantly decreased the serum levels of histamine, OVA-specific IgE, and Th2 cytokine, IL-4 compared with those in the OVA-induced group. PE-E extract significantly increased the serum level of Th1 cytokine, IFN-${\gamma}$. Based on lung histopathological studies, inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus hypersecretion were inhibited by PE-E extract administration compared to that in the OVA-induced group. Conclusions : These findings indicate that PE-E extract may be useful as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of bronchial asthma.

Compound K ameliorates airway inflammation and mucus secretion through the regulation of PKC signaling in vitro and in vivo

  • Lee, Jae-Won;Kim, Mun-Ock;Song, Yu Na;Min, Jae-Hong;Kim, Seong-Man;Kang, Myung-Ji;Oh, Eun Sol;Lee, Ro Woon;Jung, Sunin;Ro, Hyunju;Lee, Jae Kyoung;Ryu, Hyung Won;Lee, Dae Young;Lee, Su Ui
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제46권3호
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    • pp.496-504
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    • 2022
  • Background: Cigarette smoke (CS) is considered a principal cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is associated with mucus hypersecretion and airway inflammation. Ginsenoside compound K (CK), a product of ginsenoside metabolism, has various biological activities. Studies on the effects of CK for the treatment of COPD and mucus hypersecretion, including the underlying signaling mechanism, have not yet been conducted. Methods: To study the protective effects and molecular mechanism of CK, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced human airway epithelial (NCI-H292) cells were used as a cellular model of airway inflammation. An experimental mouse COPD model was also established via CS inhalation and intranasal administration of lipopolysaccharide. Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 secretion, as well as elastase activity and reactive oxygen species production, were determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Inflammatory cell influx and mucus secretion in mouse lung tissues were estimated using hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-schiff staining, respectively. PKCδ and its downstream signaling molecules were analyzed via western blotting. Results: CK prevented the secretion of MUC5AC and TNF-α in PMA-stimulated NCI-H292 cells and exhibited a protective effect in COPD mice via the suppression of inflammatory mediators and mucus secretion. These effects were accompanied by an inactivation of PKCδ and related signaling in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: CK suppressed pulmonary inflammation and mucus secretion in COPD mouse model through PKC regulation, highlighting the compound's potential as a useful adjuvant in the prevention and treatment of COPD.

Chronic Respiratory Symptoms and Associated Factors among Fruit and Vegetable Workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross sectional Study

  • Mulualem Gete Feleke;Yidnekachew Alemu;Meaza Gezu Shentema;Samson Wakuma;Zerihun Emiru;Tesfaye Yitna Chichiabellu
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.287-294
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    • 2023
  • Background: Fruit and vegetable market is an abundant source of bioaerosols. Exposure to organic and inorganic waste and long-term inhalation of bioaerosols during working hours leads to chronic respiratory symptoms. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and related factors among fruit and vegetable workers compared with the control group in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods and materials: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from 2020 to 2021. Data were entered in EpiData 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Logistic regressions were computed to depict the data and related factors. The culture method was done to count and compare bacterial and fungal concentrations between fruit and vegetable workers and office workers. Results: In this study, the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms (PR = 2.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.772-4.66) was significantly higher among fruit and vegetable workers (46.7%) than controls (23.4%). Sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.12-3.98), educational status (AOR = 1.34, 95% CI = 0.78-2.32), working hours per day (AOR = 3.91, 95% CI = 1.586-9.65), and working department (AOR = 3.20, 95% CI = 0.90-11.40) were associated with chronic respiratory symptoms. Bacterial and fungal concentrations were significantly higher in the air of the vegetable market (276 colony-forming unit) than the air in the workplace of controls (7 colony-forming unit). Conclusion: The fruit and vegetable market workers (greengrocers) had a higher prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms relative to office workers. Respiratory protective devices should be given to deliver preventive measures.

코로나 바이러스 대유행에 따른 치과 의료 관리 가이드라인 (Guidelines for dental clinic infection prevention during COVID-19 pandemic)

  • 김진
    • 대한치과의료관리학회지
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2020
  • Dental settings have unique characteristics that warrant specific infection control considerations, including (1) prioritizing the most critical dental services and provide care in a way that minimizes harm to patients due to delayed care, or harm to personnel from potential exposure to persons infected with the COVID-19 disease, and (2) proactively communicate to both personnel and patients the need for them to stay at home if sick. For health care, an interim infection prevention and control recommendation (COVID-19) is recommended for patients suspected of having coronavirus or those whose status has been confirmed. SARS-CoV-2, which is the virus that causes COVID-19, is thought to be spread primarily between people who are in close contact with one another (within 6 feet) through respiratory droplets that are produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Airborne transmission from person-to-person over long distances is unlikely. However, COVID-19 is a new disease, and there remain uncertainties about its mode of spreads and the severity of illness it causes. The virus has been shown to persist in aerosols for several hours, and on some surfaces for days under laboratory conditions. COVID-19 may also be spread by people who are asymptomatic. The practice of dentistry involves the use of rotary dental and surgical instruments, such as handpieces or ultrasonic scalers, and air-water syringes. These instruments create a visible spray that can contain particle droplets of water, saliva, blood, microorganisms, and other debris. While KF 94 masks protect the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose from droplet spatter, they do not provide complete protection against the inhalation of airborne infectious agents. If the patient is afebrile (temperature <100.4°F)* and otherwise without symptoms consistent with COVID-19, then dental care may be provided using appropriate engineering and administrative controls, work practices, and infection control considerations. It is necessary to provide supplies for respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette, including alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) with 60%~95% alcohol, tissues, and no-touch receptacles for disposal, at healthcare facility entrances, waiting rooms, and patient check-ins. There is also the need to install physical barriers (e.g., glass or plastic windows) in reception areas to limit close contact between triage personnel and potentially infectious patients. Ideally, dental treatment should be provided in individual rooms whenever possible, with a spacing of at least 6 feet between the patient chairs. Further, the use of easy-to-clean floor-to-ceiling barriers will enhance the effectiveness of portable HEPA air filtration systems. Before and after all patient contact, contact with potentially infectious material, and before putting on and after removing personal protective equipment, including gloves, hand hygiene after removal is particularly important to remove any pathogens that may have been transferred to the bare hands during the removal process. ABHR with 60~95% alcohol is to be used, or hands should be washed with soap and water for at least 20 s.

개에서 트라마돌의 정맥투여가 아이소플루란의 최소폐포농도에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Intravenous Administration of Tramadol on the Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Isoflurane in Dogs)

  • 석성훈;박세진;이승용;진소영;김영기;황재민;이희천;연성찬
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.308-312
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구는 개에서 트라마돌의 정맥투여가 아이소플루란의 최소폐포농도 ($MAC_{ISO}$)에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 6마리의 암컷 저먼셰퍼드견이 본 실험에 사용되었다. 실험견의 마취유도는 안면마스크를 이용하여 시행되었으며 실험하는 동안 기계적 환기장치를 이용하여 호기말 이산화탄소 분압 ($P_{ET}CO_2$)을 35-45 mmHg로 유지하였다. 개에서 마취유도 후 45분이 경과한 다음 gross purposeful movement가 감지 될 때까지 후지 발가락을 클램핑하는 방법을 사용하여 baseline $MAC_{ISO}$ ($MAC_{ISO}B$) 측정을 시작하였다. $MAC_{ISO}B$가 결정된 후, 트라마돌 3 mg/kg을 투여하였고 뒤이어 2.6 mg/kg/h으로 지속점적투여 (CRI)를 실시하였다. CRI 시작 후 20분이 경과한 다음, 트라마돌 투여 후 $MAC_{ISO}$값 ($MAC_{ISO}T$) 측정을 시작하였다. 동맥혈압과 심박수는 지속적으로 기록하였고 $MAC_{ISO}B$$MAC_{ISO}T$의 결정 후 각각 20분간 평형기간이 경과한 다음 동맥혈가스분석을 실시하였다. $MAC_{ISO}B$$MAC_{ISO}T$는 각각 $1.33{\pm}0.04%$$1.23{\pm}0.04%$로 측정되었고 $MAC_{ISO}B$는 트라마돌 투여 후 $7.5{\pm}0.2%$의 유의적인 (P < 0.05) 감소효과를 나타냈다. 트라마돌 투여 후 심박수와 동맥혈압에서는 유의적인 변화가 나타나지 않았으며 동맥혈 가스분석 결과에서도 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 개에서 아이소플루란을 이용한 전신마취 시 트라마돌의 투여는 심폐기능의 억압을 일으키지 않고 $MAC_{ISO}$값을 감소시켰으므로 마취의 안정성과 마취회복의 질을 향상시키는데 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

소아환자의 진정요법 효과와 그와 연관된 변수에 대한 연구 (A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF SEDATION AND RELATED VARIABLES FOR PEDIATRIC DENTAL PATIENTS)

  • 김경희;김승오;김종수
    • 대한소아치과학회지
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.234-246
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    • 2007
  • 소아치과에서 진정요법은 chloral hydrate와 hydroxyzine을 함께 경구투여하는 방법이 가장 보편적이고, 진정의 심도가 술자가 원하는 정도에 미치지 못할 때에는 midazolam이나 $N_2O/O_2$를 병용투여하는 경우가 종종 있다. 본 연구는 chloral hydrate와 hydroxyzine을 이용한 진정요법의 효과와 안전성을 평가하고, 경구투여만으로 적절한 진정수준을 얻지 못하여 $N_2O/O_2$를 병용투여한 경우 $N_2O/O_2$의 치료시간과 부작용에 대한 영향 그리고, 진정요법 효과에 영향을 줄 수 있는 변수들(연령, 성별, 체중, patient compliance, waiting time 등)을 확인할 목적으로 시행하였다. 2004년 12월부터 2005년 9월까지 단국대학교 치과병원 소아치과에서 chloral hydrate와 hydroxyzine을 이용하여 진정요법하에 치료받은 평균연령 $30{\pm}8$개월(12-51개월), 체중 $13{\pm}2kg(9.5-18kg)$의 총 94명(남아-46명, 여아-48명)의 환아들을 대상으로 조사하였다. 진정요법의 효과, 체중, 연령, 병용투여 방법에 따라 군을 분류하여 성별, 연령, 체중, patient compliance, waiting time, 치료시간, 치료양(RBVU), 부작용 등을 평가하였다. 진정요법 성공률은 85%였다. 진정요법에 성공한 그룹이 실패한 그룹보다 $N_2O/O_2$로 수면을 유도하여 사용하는 경우가 많았고, 치료시간이 길었다. 36개월, 14kg미만인 환아는 경구투여만으로 수면에 이를 수 있었고, waiting time이 짧았다. 36개월 이상인 환아는 $N_2O/O_2$를 사용하여 수면을 유도하는 경우가 많았다. 연령과 $N_2O/O_2$ 사용시간, $N_2O/O_2$사용과 치료시간사이에는 상관관계가 존재한 반면, 체중과 $N_2O/O_2$사용시간사이에는 상관관계가 없었다. 치료시간 연장, $N_2O/O_2$사용여부와 부작용 발생간에서 는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 확인되지 않았다.

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단국대학교 치과병원 소아치과에서 5년간 시행된 진정법에 대한 후향적 통계 연구 (A Retrospective Statistical Study on Sedation Cases in Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Dankook University Dental Hospital for 5 Years)

  • 박창현;신지선;김종수;김종빈
    • 대한소아치과학회지
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    • 제45권1호
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    • pp.75-81
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    • 2018
  • 최근 진정법은 소아치과의 영역에서 협조도가 부족한 어린이를 대상으로 흔히 사용되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 5년간 단국대학교 치과병원 소아 치과에서 시행된 진정법에 대한 정보를 다각도로 분석하는 것이다. 종합의료정보시스템(Order Communication System)을 사용하여 2011년 1 월부터 2015년 12월까지 단국대학교 치과병원 소아치과에서 시행된 치과 치료에 대한 정보를 수집하였다. 수집된 정보는 환자의 성별, 연령, 진정법 시행여부 및 약물 종류, 시술 날짜 및 유형이었다. 전체 증례에 대한 의식하진정법 사용 증례의 비율은 2011년에서 2014년까지 지속적으로 감소하였다. 반면 전신마취 증례의 빈도는 점진적으로 증가하였다. 의식하진정 유도를 위한 방법 중 midazolam 근육주사와 아산화질소 흡입진정의 사용빈도는 최근 증가하였다. 의식하진정법의 사용은 환아의 나이가 만3세 이상인 경우 그 빈도가 크게 감소하였으나, 전신마취는 전 연령대에서 사용 빈도가 비슷하였다. 환아가 여아인 경우보다 남아인 경우에, 그리고 수복치료만을 시행하는 경우보다 신경치료를 함께 시행하는 경우에 더 깊은 진정 상태에서 치료를 시행하려는 경향이 관찰되었다. 또한 진정의 심도가 깊을수록 수복치료 이후 90일 이내에 재치료를 시행하는 빈도는 감소하였다.